The influence of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural parameters in dairy cows kept in open stables

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zähner ◽  
L. Schrader ◽  
R. Hauser ◽  
M. Keck ◽  
W. Langhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day

AbstractThis study aimed to assess whether cows are able to cope with the range of climatic conditions they are exposed to in open stables on commercial farms in central Europe. On each of four farms, ten lactating cows were observed over a total of five weeks in winter, spring and summer. Based on continuous measurements of air temperature (–13·8 to 28·7ºC) and relative air humidity (0·26 to 0·99), a mean value of a temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated for each farm and each observation day for night and day.THI had significant effects on skin temperature and body surface temperature (infra-red thermography) both during night and day. Rectal temperature, duration of lying and cortisol concentration in the milk was significantly affected by THI during the day but not during the night. Heart rate and frequency of lying did not significantly covary with THI. Differences between farms and interactions between THI and farm were significant for most parameters. These results suggest that the climatic conditions during the day induced stronger thermoregulatory responses than the conditions during the night. Within the measured range of climatic conditions the cows were hardly exposed to severe cold or heat stress.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory and Behavioral Responses of Buffaloes With and Without Direct Sun Exposure During Abnormal Environmental Condition in Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Godinho Athaíde ◽  
Waleria Cristina Lopes Joset ◽  
Jean Caio Figueiredo de Almeida ◽  
Messy Hennear de Andrade Pantoja ◽  
Rafaella de Paula Pacheco Noronha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Marajó Island ◽  
Body Surface Temperature

This study aimed to assess the effect of thermal-hydraulic variables in female buffaloes with or without direct solar exposure in a year of strong El Niño through behavior responses and infrared thermography to reinforce the environmental comfort indicators, in Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Cachoeira do Arari municipality and 20 female Murrah buffaloes were randomly assigned to two groups: Group WS (n = 10) was kept in pickets with native trees. Group NS (n = 10) was kept in crush squeeze with no shade. Data on air temperature (AT, °C), relative air humidity (RH, %), wind velocity (WV, m/s), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), and body surface temperature (BST) were collected. Practical Buffalo Comfort Climatic Condition Index (BCCCI), practical Buffalo Environmental Comfort Index (BECI), Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and Benezra's Thermal Comfort Index (BTCI) were obtained. Infrared thermography analysis was carried out with a FLIR T-series T640bx camera. Data on time spent grazing, ruminating, idleness, and in other activities were recorded. A significant difference in AT of ~1°C was found between the groups at 6 a.m., 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. THI indicated emergency conditions. Female buffaloes were at danger PBCCCI conditions at 2 p.m. There was also significant difference for RT between treatments at 10 a.m., 2 p.m. and 6 p.m., whose values were higher (P < 0.05) for animals from NS Group, with the highest mean time at 2 p.m. Pearson correlation was significant and positive (P < 0.01) between RT mean and VUL, TI and ORB mean, maximum and minimum temperatures. The total time given to grazing was 518.2 min for the group NS and 629.5 min for the group WS. Rumination was more pronounced in the afternoon shift for the group NS. Buffaloes kept in a system with trees graze, ruminate and perform other activities with more intensity than animals raised in systems without access to shade, and tend to hyperthermia, mainly at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., in Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil.

scholarly journals Análise do conforto térmico em modelos reduzidos de galpões agrícola

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Irajá Jantsch de Souza ◽  
Zanandra Boff de Oliveira ◽  
Ezequiel Saretta ◽  
Larrissa Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Clarissa Moraes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Santa Maria

The present work had the objective of evaluating the thermal comfort by means of the Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) inside a model of small scale poultry houses using different hedging strategies. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul. The coverings used were: fiber cement (control), fiber cement + white paint + thermal blanket, fiber cement + white paint. The temperature and relative air humidity reading were performed inside each model and in the external area, with DTH 22 sensors controlled by Arduino, divided in four periods of summer 2017/2018. Compared to the external environment, the different coverages promoted a mean reduction of ITU from 84 to 76. Significant statistical differences between the different coverage were observed, in which the average ITU of the period of 77.31 observed in the control was reduced to 74.90 on the covers with white paint. Based on the conditions under which the study was conducted, it is recommended to cover asbestos cement + white paint to improve thermal comfort inside poultry houses.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature‑Humidity Relations During Years on Milk Production and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Toušová ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Sylvana Pokorná
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of climatic conditions represented by daily air temperature and relative air humidity on indicators of Holstein cows’ milk quality and production. The first dataset represented individual milk production in day of milk performance recording (milk kg, fat %, protein %, and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). The second dataset represented total daily milk characteristics of herd (milk kg, fat %, protein % and somatic cells count thous.*ml−1). A total of 654 Holstein cows were observed and evaluated. Both datasets were evaluated in relation to selected external influences (year, month, average daily air temperature, and average daily relatively air humidity). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3, and UNIVARIATE, REG and GLM procedure. Three groups of daily air temeperature (< 4.4 °C; 4.4 – 13.2 °C; > 13.2 °C), and daily relative air humidity (< 65.3 %; 65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) were conducted for evaluation. Significant (P < 0.05) linear regressions were computed among daily air temperature and all milk production indicators, except of somatic cells count attribute. The highest individual daily milk production (35.94 kg, P < 0.01), and protein content (3.41 %, P < 0.01) were achieved with the highest average daily air temperature. Opposite results were observed for milk yield of herd as well as protein content. Average daily relative air humidity had lower influence on individual and bulk milk samples. The better results were achieved for both datasets (individual and bulk samples) in groups (65.3 – 80.4 %; > 80.4 %) of average daily relative air humidity. Obtained results point out importance of outdoor climatic parameters monitoring and preventive measures of climatic conditions in the stable.

scholarly journals Nocturnal thermal comfort in facilities for growing swines

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sarubbi ◽  
Luiz A. Rossi ◽  
Daniella J. de Moura ◽  
Rafael A. de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula de A Maia
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Enthalpy Data

In most of Brazilian pig farms, the environmental acclimatization systems run manually. For night and early morning periods, this practice isn't appropriate, because, in general, there are not employees available to run these manual systems. This research aimed to compare the bioclimatic profile of two differently constructed facilities to the external environment, considering the period from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. during the spring, in order to show that night and early morning temperatures do not coincides with growing pig's thermoneutral zone. For this reason, acclimatization must be also carried out at these periods. It was analyzed the dry bulb temperature, relative air humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI) and enthalpy data of the sheds and external areas. Under the studied conditions, it was possible to conclude that the constructively appropriate shed appeared to be less influenced by the external environment, allowing better thermal control for growing pigs. Further research must be conducted to verify if automatic cooling systems is needed during night and early morning.

scholarly journals Influence of Impregnation with Modified Starch of a Paper Core on Bending of Wood-Based Honeycomb Panels in Changing Climatic Conditions

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Michał Słonina ◽  
Dorota Dziurka ◽  
Marta Molińska-Glura ◽  
Jerzy Smardzewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of impregnation of the paper core with acetylated starch on the mechanical properties and absorbed energy in the three-point bending test of wood-based honeycomb panels under varying temperatures and relative air humidity conditions. Nearly six hundred beams in various combinations, three types of facings, three core cells geometries, and two paper thicknesses were tested. The experiment results and their statistical analysis prove a significant relationship between the impregnation of paper with modified starch and mechanical properties. The most effective in absorbing energy, the honeycomb panels, consisted of a core with a wall thickness of 0.25 mm and a particleboard facing.

scholarly journals How dry was the Younger Dryas? Evidence from a coupled δ<sup>2</sup>H-δ<sup>18</sup>O biomarker paleohygrometer, applied to the Lake Gemündener Maar sediments, Western Eifel, Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hepp ◽  
Lorenz Wüthrich ◽  
Tobias Bromm ◽  
Marcel Bliedtner ◽  
Imke Kathrin Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Natural Climate

Abstract. The Late Glacial to Early Holocene transition phase and particularly the Younger Dryas period, i.e. the major last cold spell in Central Europe during the Late Glacial, are considered crucial for understanding rapid natural climate change in the past. The sediments from Maar lakes in the Eifel, Germany, have turned out to be valuable archives for recording such paleoenvironmental changes. For this study, we investigated a Late Glacial to Early Holocene sediment core that was retrieved from Lake Gemündener Maar in the Western Eifel, Germany. We analysed the hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope composition of leaf wax-derived lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes C27 and C29) and hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers (arabinose), respectively. Both δ2H and δ18O are suggested to reflect mainly leaf water of vegetation growing in the catchment of the Gemündener Maar. This enables the coupling of the results via a δ2H-δ18O biomarker paleohygrometer approach and allows calculating past relative air humidity values, which is the major advantage of the applied approach. Fundamental was the finding that the isotopic enrichment of leaf water due to evapotranspiration depends mainly on relative humidity. We hence use the coupled δ2H-δ18O biomarker approach to reconstruct the deuterium-excess of leaf water and in turn relative air humidity values corresponding to the vegetation period and daytime (RHdv). Most importantly, the results of the coupled δ2H-δ18O biomarker paleohygrometer approach (i) support a two-phasing of the Younger Dryas, i.e. a relative wet phase (on Allerød level) followed by a drier Younger Dryas ending, (ii) do not corroborate overall drier climatic conditions characterising the Younger Dryas or a two-phasing with regard to a first dry and cold Younger Dryas phase followed by a warmer period along with increasing precipitation amounts, and (iii) suggest that the amplitude of RHdv changes during the Early Holocene was more pronounced compared to the Younger Dryas. One possible driver for the unexpected Lake Gemündener Maar RHdv variations could be the solar activity.

PSVIII-13 Are the heat stress days increasing in central northern Mexico?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 425-426
Author(s):  
Rafael Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Jesús Salvador Rivas-Madero ◽  
Pedro Antonio Robles-Trillo ◽  
César A Meza-Herrera ◽  
Rafael Rodriguez-Venegas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
North Central ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Dangerous Level

Abstract The Lagunera region, located in north central Mexico (24° 01′-26° 48 ‘LN and 101° 52′-101° 52′ 104° 40′ LO), produce the 21% of the national Mexican cow’s milk despite its climatic conditions (temperatures that fluctuate between 12.7 °C in January and 28.5 °C in June, with extremes of -5 °C and 41.5 °C, in addition to high solar radiation). The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is the most useful indicator to define if there are heat stress conditions. To identify whether the days in which THI ≥68 (considering the threshold for signs of heat stress to appear in high-producing lactating cows) are increasingly reached at least one hour a day, the information of this indicator was recorded every 10 min daily, from 5 cow farms for 6 years (2015–2020), using the DiGiTH™ application (DiGiTH Technologies, Mexico), and regressions were run to identify if there is a relationship between the years of study and the THI levels. At any level of THI (≥68), there is a tendency to increase the number of days (10.05 d per year; R2 0.37); Disaggregating the data by THI level, this trend is also observed for levels 68 to 71 and 72 to 76 THI, registering an increase of 11.33 d (R2 0.45) and 9.03 d per year (R2 0.45) respectively. At the 77 - 79 THI level there is no trend, while at the ≥80 THI level, a decrease of 5.66 d per year was registered (R2 0.79). The results suggest that in this region, the days of heat stress are increasing, except for the level ≥80 THI, which indicates that palliative measures for heat stress should be intensified, and it is necessary to identify the reason for the decrease in heat stress days at the most dangerous level for livestock.

scholarly journals REGARDING THE USE OF THE LEXIN ECOLOGICAL, BIOGENETICAL HEATING TECHNOLOGY TYPE IN ROMANIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Coman ◽  
V. Oros ◽  
Bianca F?l?us ◽  
O. Chinta ◽  
M. Achim
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Research Contract ◽  
Technology Type ◽  
Heating Technology

The work presents the results obtained in the frame of an applicative research contract upon the use of ecological, biogenetic heating technology of Lexin kind, in consideration of using it in Romania in different domains of activity. For the climatic conditions of our country, we proposed and perform a measurement program in the following fields: electric expenditure, climatic and micro-climatic, microbial loading of air, effects over plants, effects over pets and prolusions over general health and comfort status of human being. In this work we present the results obtained above the micro-climate measurements (temperature, relative air humidity, microbial loading of air), and effects over soil over from the room in which we used this type of heating system. In the rely of these researches we are in right to affirm that the Lexin heating technology has benefic effects over preserving the homogeneity of the micro-climate conditions, over growth of plants and assures an easily growth of hygiene of medium in which this technology act.

Visco-elastic changes of vocal fold mucosa related to high and low relative air humidity

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
R.J.B. Hemler ◽  
G.H. Wieneke ◽  
P.H. Dejonckere
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

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