Is dieting behaviour decreasing in young adolescents?

AbstractObjectiveTo report trends in underweight, overweight and obesity in 12–15-year-old adolescents and examine changes in dieting behaviour, which have been less well documented.DesignComparison of two independent representative cross-sectional surveys.SettingNorthern Ireland.SubjectsWeight and height were objectively measured in 1324 boys and 1160 girls in 1996 and 1274 boys and 1374 girls in 2007. Participants reported whether they were following any particular diet including a self-proposed or prescribed weight-reduction diet.ResultsOverweight and obesity increased in girls from 15 % to 23 % and 2 % to 6 %, respectively. Increases were more modest in boys with overweight increasing from 13 % to 18 % and obesity from 3 % to 6 %. The proportion of underweight adolescents decreased from 9 % to 6 % in girls and 8 % to 5 % in boys. Evidence of social disparity was observed in girls from a manual socio-economic background, with overweight/obesity prevalence rates increasing from 21 % to 36 % compared with 15 % to 26 % in girls from a non-manual background. Despite these trends fewer adolescents, in particular girls, reported following weight-reduction diets (14 % of overweight/obese girls in 2007 v. 21 % in 1996; 8 % of boys in 2007 v. 13 % in 1996). Of these girls, the proportion from a manual background following weight-reduction diets decreased from 25 % to 11 %.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are continuing to increase in adolescents despite government and media awareness strategies. There also appears to be reduced dieting behaviour, despite increasing body weight, particularly in girls from manual socio-economic backgrounds.

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Further stabilization and even decrease in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in German children and adolescents from 2005 to 2015: a cross-sectional and trend analysis

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017002257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 3075-3083 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Annette Keß ◽

Ulrike Spielau ◽

Christoph Beger ◽

Ruth Gausche ◽

Mandy Vogel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Trend Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Entire Group ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity

AbstractObjectiveRecently several industrialized countries reported a stabilization or even a decrease in childhood overweight and obesity prevalence rates. In Germany, this trend started in 2004. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate whether this trend has continued or even leads in a clear direction.Design/Setting/SubjectsBMI (>90th percentile (overweight), >97th percentile (obesity)) from the CrescNet database was analysed in 326 834 children and adolescents according to three age groups (4–7·99, 8–11·99 and 12–16 years), gender and between time points (2005–2015).ResultsTrend analysis from 2005 to 2010 demonstrated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased significantly in boys and girls in the entire group (4–16 years) and in 4–7·99-year-olds. From 2010 to 2015 there was a significant decrease in boys for overweight and obesity in the entire group and for overweight among 8–11·99-year-olds. Within the cross-sectional analysis, prevalence rates for overweight decreased significantly for both genders in the age groups of 4–7·99 and 8–11·99 years (2005 v. 2015). For obesity, prevalence rates showed a significant decrease for boys (2005 v. 2015) and girls (2005 v. 2010) in 4–7·99-year-olds.ConclusionsWe observed a further stabilization of overweight and obesity prevalence rates for all age groups and even a decrease in the rates for the younger ages (4–7·99 years, 8–11·99 years). As other industrialized countries have also reported similar trends, it seems that the epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity is reaching a turning point in the industrial part of the world.

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Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e022029 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justin Thielman ◽

Daniel Harrington ◽

Laura C Rosella ◽

Heather Manson

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Objectively Measured

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.

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Diagnostic accuracy of tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating overweight and obesity in South African children

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1949 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Violet K. Moselakgomo ◽

Marlise Van Staden

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

South African ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Industrialised Countries

Background: Prevalence of obesity in youths has drastically increased in both industrialised and non-industrialised countries, and this transition resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic diseases.Aim: The study aimed to comparatively examine prevalence of overweight and obesity status based on tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating body fat levels in South African children.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1361 (boys: n = 678; girls: n = 683) children aged 9–13 years was undertaken. The children’s age and sex-related measurements of body weight, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfolds and sum of skinfold were taken using the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. TMI and BMI calculations classified children according to weight and age categories. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were set at ≤ 0.05.Results: Obesity classifications on TMI and BMI among children were as follows: Boys: 7.3%, 2.6%; 2.2%, 0.7%; Girls: 4.0%, 1.0%; 1.8%, 0.6%. Body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF significantly correlated with TMI (r = 0.40, p 0.001; r = 0.73, p 0.001; r = −0.09, p 0.001; r = 0.50, p 0.001; r = 0.51, p 0.001 and r = 0.52, p 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.81, p 0.001; r = 0.59, p 0.001; r = −0.22, p 0.001; r = 0.63, p 0.001; r = 0.67, p 0.001 and r = 0.66, p 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF accounted for 65% and 85% of variance in children’s TMI (R2 = 0.647, F[6 1354] = 413.977, p 0.001) and BMI (R2 = 0.851, F[6 1354] = 1288.218, p 0.001).Conclusion: TMI revealed strikingly higher incidence of overweight and obesity in South African boys and girls than BMI. Future studies are needed to clarify sensitivity of TMI over BMI in quantifying obesity prevalence in children and adolescents.

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Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/67.3.2006.143 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Foyez Haque ◽

Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽

Betty Ann Horbul ◽

Patricia Desroches ◽

Craig Orrell

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Program Planning ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

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Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822013000400004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽

Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽

Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽

Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽

Thatiana Maia Tolentino

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Task Force ◽

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

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Media use and excess body weight among women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e020802 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bishwajit Ghose ◽

Sanni Yaya

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Status ◽

Media Use ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate the (1) time trends in body mass index (BMI) and (2) relationship between media use and body weight status among adult women in Nigeria. We hypothesise that higher frequency of media use is associated with higher likelihood of being overweight and obesity among adult women.Study designCross-sectional.SettingUrban and rural settings in Nigeria.ParticipantsAdult non-pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years.MethodsData were derived from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013. The outcome variable was excess body weight (overweight and obesity), and main explanatory variables were frequency of reading newspaper, listening to radio and television (TV) viewing. Datasets were merged to perform pooled analysis, and were analysed using bivariate and multivariable regression techniques.ResultsOf the 69 401 participants, 16.2% had a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2(95% CI 15.8 to 16.6) and 6.6% had >30 kg/m2(95% CI 6.3 to 6.9). Between 2003 and 2013, the prevalence of overweight women increased by 4.1%, and that of obesity by 2.2%. Overall, radio was the most popular media followed by TV and newspaper. Respectively, 15.6% and 11.7% of the women reported using radio and TV almost every day and 30.6% and 25.1% at least once a week. In multivariable analysis, watching TV almost every day and at least once a week were associated with, respectively, 1.6 and 1.2 times higher odds of being overweight, and 2.7 and 1.5 times higher odds of being obese compared with those who never used radio. Similarly, significant associations were observed for newspaper and radio use as well.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is noticeably high among Nigerian women and has been increasing steadily over the past decade. A statistically significant association exists between BMI and the use of newspaper, radio and TV. Further studies are required to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this relationship.

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BMI Perception: A potential cheap alternative to objectively measured BMI?

10.21203/rs.2.15448/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Frances Shiely ◽

Seán R Millar

Keyword(s):

Linear Trend ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Levels ◽

Cheap Alternative ◽

Objectively Measured

Abstract Background Accurately measuring BMI in large epidemiological studies is problematic as objective measurements are expensive, so subjective methodologies must usually suffice. A number of subjective methodologies have been shown to be inaccurate, resulting in misclassification to a lower BMI category and a subsequent underestimation of obesity prevalence. The purpose of this study is to explore a new subjective method of measuring BMI, BMI perception. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen study, a random sample of 1 354 men and women aged 51–77 years recruited from a single primary care centre. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. BMI perception was measured by asking “Do you think you are underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese?” Weight and height were also objectively measured. Results 79% of the cohort were overweight or obese: 86% of males, 69% of females, P<0.001. The sensitivity for correct BMI perception for normal weight, overweight and obese was 77%, 61% and 11% respectively. 59% of overweight/obese participants underestimated their BMI. In multivariable analysis, gender, higher education levels, being told by a health professional to lose weight, and being on a diet were significantly associated with correct BMI perception. There was a linear trend relationship between increasing BMI levels and correct perception of BMI; participants in the highest BMI quartile had an approximate eight-fold increased odds of correctly perceiving their BMI when compared to participants within the lower overweight/obese quartiles (OR=7.72, 95% CI: 4.59, 12.98). Conclusions BMI perception as a subjective measurement of BMI has the potential to be an important measurement tool in large epidemiological studies. Clinicians need to be aware of disparities between BMI perception at the higher and lower BMI levels among overweight/obese patients and encourage preventative action for those at the lower levels to avoid weight gain and thus reduce their all-cause mortality risk.

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Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v04.s3.0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1-3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Dania Mirza Ramadhanty ◽

Bernie Endyarni Medise

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Excessive Body Weight ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image.

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Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.2.15678/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽

Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽

Charles Apprey ◽

Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽

Catherina Elizabeth Swart

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

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Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09897-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Youjie Zhang ◽

Xiaofan Zhang ◽

Jun Li ◽

Hua Zhong ◽

Chen-Wei Pan

Keyword(s):

Screen Time ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Outdoor Activity ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Whether and to what extent outdoor activity and screen time are relevant to adiposity among rural adolescents remain largely unknown as most of relevant evidence was generated from high-income countries and urban areas. This study aimed to investigate associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity among early adolescents living in rural southwest China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, seventh graders (n = 2264) were recruited from 10 middle schools of a rural county. Overweight and obesity was assessed using adolescents’ body mass index and waist circumference. Adolescents’ outdoor activity and screen time were measured using self-reported daily time spending on outdoor activity, watching TV, playing video games, and computers on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and high waist circumferences were 8.0 and 4.9% and were higher among those from one-child families and with parents having high school or higher education and whose fathers were not farmers. Adolescents who did not have ≥1 h outdoor activity on weekdays were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.66) and have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.39, 3.57). Adolescents who had > 2 h screen time on weekends were more likely to have high waist circumferences (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.80). Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time also showed synergistic effects on overweight/obesity (OR: 1.93. 95% CI: 1.15, 3.24) and high waist circumferences (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.94). Conclusions Lack of outdoor activity and excessive screen time were relevant to adiposity among rural Chinese adolescents even when the obesity prevalence was low. Efforts to promote active lifestyles may help prevent rural adolescents from losing their advantage in the era of the global obesity epidemic.

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