scholarly journals Further stabilization and even decrease in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in German children and adolescents from 2005 to 2015: a cross-sectional and trend analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 3075-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Keß ◽  
Ulrike Spielau ◽  
Christoph Beger ◽  
Ruth Gausche ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity

AbstractObjectiveRecently several industrialized countries reported a stabilization or even a decrease in childhood overweight and obesity prevalence rates. In Germany, this trend started in 2004. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate whether this trend has continued or even leads in a clear direction.Design/Setting/SubjectsBMI (>90th percentile (overweight), >97th percentile (obesity)) from the CrescNet database was analysed in 326 834 children and adolescents according to three age groups (4–7·99, 8–11·99 and 12–16 years), gender and between time points (2005–2015).ResultsTrend analysis from 2005 to 2010 demonstrated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased significantly in boys and girls in the entire group (4–16 years) and in 4–7·99-year-olds. From 2010 to 2015 there was a significant decrease in boys for overweight and obesity in the entire group and for overweight among 8–11·99-year-olds. Within the cross-sectional analysis, prevalence rates for overweight decreased significantly for both genders in the age groups of 4–7·99 and 8–11·99 years (2005 v. 2015). For obesity, prevalence rates showed a significant decrease for boys (2005 v. 2015) and girls (2005 v. 2010) in 4–7·99-year-olds.ConclusionsWe observed a further stabilization of overweight and obesity prevalence rates for all age groups and even a decrease in the rates for the younger ages (4–7·99 years, 8–11·99 years). As other industrialized countries have also reported similar trends, it seems that the epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity is reaching a turning point in the industrial part of the world.

scholarly journals Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽  
Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽  
Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽  
Thatiana Maia Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

scholarly journals Geographical variation and urban-rural disparity of overweight and obesity in Chinese school-aged children between 2010 and 2014: two successive national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Yinghua Ma ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Peijin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Western China ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

PurposeThe urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity shows different patterns in most countries. This study aimed to examine the recent trend of urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity at national and subnational levels in Chinese children from 2010 to 2014.DesignTwo successive national cross-sectional studies. Overweight and obesity were classified using Chinese national age-specific and sex-specific body mass index reference. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared between urban and rural areas at national and subnational levels.SettingThirty-one provinces in China.ParticipantsData were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010 and 2014 with 215 214 (107 741 in 2010 and 107 473 in 2014) children aged 7–12 years.ResultsThe overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 17.1% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2014. The overweight and obesity prevalence in both urban and rural areas was higher in the eastern provinces but lower in the western provinces. The urban-rural disparity in overweight and obesity decreased steadily from 2010 to 2014 (1.79 to 1.42 for prevalence OR). There was greater urban-rural disparity in western China than eastern China. A reversal occurred in 2014 in several eastern provinces where the overweight and obesity prevalence in rural children surpassed that of their urban peers.ConclusionsA narrowing urban-rural disparity and the reversal signal between urban and rural areas in overweight and obesity would contribute to a growing proportion of obese children in rural areas. Therefore, urgent region-specific policies and interventions with a forward-looking approach should be considered for Chinese children, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children and adolescents in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Fabiano ◽  
Lucia Barcellini ◽  
Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio ◽  
Erica Pendezza ◽  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract Objective To evaluate nutritional status of children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija. Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional, population-based study, enrolling children and adolescents who underwent a pediatric screening performed in the three Serbian enclaves of Gračanica, Gornje Kusce and Velika Hoča in Kosovo and Metohija. Children and adolescents (5–19 years) of all ethnic groups were evaluated in one of the three free outpatient medical facilities in rural villages in Kosovo. Body weight and height were measured, height-for-age z- scores (HAZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) indicators were analyzed. The anthropometric indicators HAZ and BAZ distributions were compared between sex and ages using Fisher’s exact test. A two-sample Z-test for proportions was used to detect differences in individual categories of height- and BMI-for-age categories across sexes and age classes. Results Three hundred twenty-eight children and adolescents (184 females, 56.1% and 144 males, 43.9%) aged between 5 and 19 years were enrolled in the study. 241/328 participants showed a normal linear growth; with significantly more girls (78.3%) than boys (67.4%) being in the normal category. Similarly, a significant difference in BAZ distribution between sexes was noted, with more females being in the normal BMI category compared to males (63.0% vs 50.0%, respectively). Underweight and severe underweight subjects showed a prevalence of 1.5 and 0.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 19.5 and 9.1%, respectively, which was comparable to World Health Organization overweight and obesity prevalence data for Serbia. Conclusions Prevalence of undernutrition and severe undernutrition in children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija is small. By contrast, a tendency to an increase in overweight and obesity, especially in the male population, was noted.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among People Aged 18 Years and Over between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Deyue Gao ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Peishan Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Urban Males

Background: Recent overweight and obesity prevalence data are lacking for China. Methods: Data were from provincially representative surveys conducted in 2013 and 2018 in Hunan Province, China. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the Chinese standard. Complex sampling weights were considered in statistical analyses. 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of rate was calculated. Results: The overall prevalence rate between 2013 and 2018 significantly increased from 20.81% (95% CI: 17.68–23.95) to 26.97% (95% CI: 23.48–30.45) for overweight and from 4.09% (95% CI: 3.21–4.96) to 7.13% (95% CI: 5.10–9.15) for obesity in Hunan Province of China, respectively. Urban residents and males had higher crude prevalence rates of overweight and obesity than rural residents and females in 2013 and in 2018. Notably, the peak age groups of overweight and obesity both became younger between 2013 and 2018. After controlling for Engel coefficient, level of education and frequency of physical exercise per week, the overweight prevalence significantly increased in urban males aged 65+ (adjusted OR: 1.52) and rural males aged 45–54 years (adjusted OR: 1.52) and 65+ (adjusted OR: 1.88) and the obesity prevalence rate rose significantly in many groups (urban males: 18–24 years, 25–34 years, 35–44 years and 55–64 years; urban females: 25–34 years, 35–44 years, 45–54 years; rural males: 18–24 years, 25–34 years; rural females: 35–44 years, 55–64 years), with adjusted OR varying from 1.56 to 5.52. Conclusion: The adult prevalence rates of overweight and obesity significantly increased between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan Province, China. The increasing prevalence rates and varying prevalence changes across groups warrantee further research and policy interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Thielman ◽  
Daniel Harrington ◽  
Laura C Rosella ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.

scholarly journals Changes in the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Shandong, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2708-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Xiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

AbstractObjectiveNutritional status during childhood plays an important role in the human life cycle. The present study examined the prevalence trends in different grades of nutritional status (thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity) among children and adolescents in Shandong, China.DesignData for the study were obtained from six cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. Height and weight of all children were measured; BMI was calculated from their height and weight. International BMI cut-offs were used to define thinness, overweight and obesity.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsA total of 56 045 students aged 7–18 years were included in the current analysis.ResultsIn the past 29 years, the prevalence of thinness decreased from 18·22 % and 23·45 % in 1985 to 7·18 % and 9·49 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively. Conversely, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity increased from 1·79 % and 1·66 % in 1985 to 31·12 % and 20·11 % in 2014 for boys and girls, respectively.ConclusionsThe nutritional profile of Shandong children and adolescents had an obvious change over the past 29 years. Special attention should be paid to controlling the rapid rise of childhood overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Secular trends and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2124-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Ahmed ◽  
Carol Waslien ◽  
Mona A Al-Sumaie ◽  
Prasanna Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
System Data

AbstractObjectiveTo determine trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti adults, and to examine their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional population survey data from the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System.SettingSocial and health facilities in Kuwait.SubjectsMales (n17 491) and females (n21 120) aged 20–69 years attending registration for employment or pensions, or Hajj Pilgrimage health check-ups, or parents accompanying their children for immunization 1998 through 2009. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsPrevalence of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2rose from 61·8 % and 59·3 % in females and males respectively, peaked in 2004–2005 (81·4 % and 79·2 %) and fell slightly in 2008–2009 (77·3 % and 77·4 %). Obesity prevalence in females exceeded males for all years and age groups; by 2009, it had increased by 11·3 % in males and 14·6 % in females. Overweight and obesity prevalences in both genders increased until 2004–2005 but fell thereafter, with significant falls for females in 2008–2009. Logistic and linear regression analyses confirmed these temporal changes for both prevalence and BMI in both genders. The odds of obesity increased with age until the fifth decade for both genders and then declined significantly for males. Education level was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in females, while participation in leisure-time exercise was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in males.ConclusionsAlthough the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) seemed to decrease from 2005 to 2009 among Kuwaiti adults, further research to clarify the identified confounders and continued monitoring are needed to confirm the decrease observed.

scholarly journals Is dieting behaviour decreasing in young adolescents?

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R Whittle ◽  
John WG Yarnell ◽  
Mike Stevenson ◽  
Naomi McCay ◽  
Brian P Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Social Disparity

AbstractObjectiveTo report trends in underweight, overweight and obesity in 12–15-year-old adolescents and examine changes in dieting behaviour, which have been less well documented.DesignComparison of two independent representative cross-sectional surveys.SettingNorthern Ireland.SubjectsWeight and height were objectively measured in 1324 boys and 1160 girls in 1996 and 1274 boys and 1374 girls in 2007. Participants reported whether they were following any particular diet including a self-proposed or prescribed weight-reduction diet.ResultsOverweight and obesity increased in girls from 15 % to 23 % and 2 % to 6 %, respectively. Increases were more modest in boys with overweight increasing from 13 % to 18 % and obesity from 3 % to 6 %. The proportion of underweight adolescents decreased from 9 % to 6 % in girls and 8 % to 5 % in boys. Evidence of social disparity was observed in girls from a manual socio-economic background, with overweight/obesity prevalence rates increasing from 21 % to 36 % compared with 15 % to 26 % in girls from a non-manual background. Despite these trends fewer adolescents, in particular girls, reported following weight-reduction diets (14 % of overweight/obese girls in 2007 v. 21 % in 1996; 8 % of boys in 2007 v. 13 % in 1996). Of these girls, the proportion from a manual background following weight-reduction diets decreased from 25 % to 11 %.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are continuing to increase in adolescents despite government and media awareness strategies. There also appears to be reduced dieting behaviour, despite increasing body weight, particularly in girls from manual socio-economic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Correlation of HOMA-IR with BMI-for-age percentile in children and adolescents from the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Consuelo Chang-Rueda ◽  
Ana Cañas-Urbina ◽  
Karina Trujillo-Murillo ◽  
Marisol Espinoza-Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Feliciano-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a major risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. In pediatrics, morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases highlights the diagnostic importance of IR for primary care.Objective: To determine Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values and their correlation with BMI-for-age percentile in children and adolescents of the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. Overweight and obesity prevalence was determined based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile of 112 children (5-19 years old). Glucose and fasting insulin values were quantified and used for estimation of HOMA-IR.Results: The combined prevalence of obesity and overweight was 66%, with insulin (p=0.010) and HOMA-IR (p=0.015) values higher than those of the normal weight group. The HOMA-IR values correlated positively with age (r=0.636), weight (r=0.569), height (r=0.578) and BMI percentile (r=0.198).Conclusions: In the study population, HOMA-IR has a moderately significant correlation with an increase in BMI percentile.

Differences in magnitude and rate of change in adult obesity distribution by age and sex in Mexico, Colombia and Peru, 2005–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Yamada ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Salgado ◽  
Jessica C Jones-Smith ◽  
Lawrence H Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractObjectiveUnequal obesity distributions among adult populations have been reported in low- and middle-income countries, but mainly based on data of women of reproductive age. Moreover, incorporation of ever-changing skewed BMI distributions in analyses has been a challenge. Our study aimed to assess magnitude and rates of change in BMI distributions by age and sex.DesignShapes of BMI distributions were estimated for 2005 and 2010, and their changes were assessed, using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) and assuming BMI follows a Box–Cox power exponential (BCPE) distribution.SettingNationally representative, repeated cross-sectional health surveys conducted between 2005 and 2013 in Mexico, Colombia and Peru.SubjectsAdult men and non-pregnant women aged 20–69 years.ResultsWhereas women had more right-shifted and wider BMI distributions than men in almost all age groups across the countries in 2010, men in their 30s–40s experienced more rapid increases in BMI between 2005 and 2010, notably in Peru. The highest increase in overweight and obesity prevalence was observed among Peruvian men of 35–39 years, with a 5-year increase of 21 percentage points.ConclusionsThe BCPE–GAMLSS method is an alternative to analyse measurements with time-varying distributions visually, in addition to conventional indicators such as means and prevalences. Consideration of differences in BMI distributions and their changes by sex and age would provide vital information in tailoring relevant policies and programmes to reach target populations effectively. Increases in BMI portend increases of obesity-associated diseases, for which preventive and preparative actions are urgent.

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