scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of excess weight and obesity among Indigenous women: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Carlos EA Coimbra ◽  
Felipe G Tavares ◽  
Aline A Ferreira ◽  
James R Welch ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Abstract Objective: This article assesses the nutritional status of Indigenous women from 14 to 49 years of age in Brazil. Design: Sample size was calculated for each region considering a prevalence of 50 % for all disease outcomes, a relative error of 5 % and a CI of 95 %. In the initial data analysis, the prevalence of excess weight and obesity was calculated according to independent variables. Multivariate multilevel hierarchical analyses were conducted based on a theoretical model of two ranked blocks. Setting: The 2010 Indigenous population in Brazil was 896 000, with approximately 300 Indigenous ethnic groups, making Brazil one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the Americas and the world. Participants: Of the total target sample of 6722 women evaluated by the National Survey, thirty did not participate, 939 were not eligible for analyses due to pregnancy or unknown pregnancy status, and thirty-nine were excluded due to missing anthropometric data. Results: The evaluation of nutritional status was completed for 5714 non-pregnant women (99·3 % of eligible participants for this outcome). High prevalence rates were encountered for both excess weight (46·2 %) and obesity (15·8 %) among the sampled women. In the multivariate analyses, higher socioeconomic indicators, market-integrated living conditions and less reliance on local food production, as well as increased age and parity were associated with excess weight and obesity. Conclusion: Results point to distinct patterns of associations between socioeconomic indicators and the occurrence of excess weight and obesity among Indigenous women, which have potentially significant implications from a public policy perspective for Indigenous peoples in Brazil.

scholarly journals Anemia among indigenous women in Brazil: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Borges ◽  
Romina Buffarini ◽  
Ricardo V. Santos ◽  
Andrey M. Cardoso ◽  
James R. Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition

scholarly journals Nutritional status of indigenous children: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Ricardo Ventura Santos ◽  
James R Welch ◽  
Andrey M Cardoso ◽  
Janaína Vieira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Indigenous Children

scholarly journals The RATIONS (Reducing Activation of Tuberculosis by Improvement of Nutritional Status) study: a cluster randomised trial of nutritional support (food rations) to reduce TB incidence in household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in communities with a high prevalence of undernutrition, Jharkhand, India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e047210
Author(s):  
Anurag Bhargava ◽  
Madhavi Bhargava ◽  
Banurekha Velayutham ◽  
Kannan Thiruvengadam ◽  
Basilea Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionIndia has the largest burden of cases and deaths related to tuberculosis (TB). Undernutrition is the leading risk factor accounting for TB incidence, while severe undernutrition is a common risk factor for mortality in patients with TB in India. The impact of nutritional supplementation on TB incidence is unknown, while few underpowered studies have assessed its impact on TB mortality. We designed an open-label, field-based cluster randomised trial to assess the impact of nutritional supplementation (with food rations) on TB incidence in a group at higher risk of TB infection and disease, viz household contacts (HHC) of patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB) in Jharkhand, a state with a high prevalence of undernutrition.Methods and analysisWe shall enrol 2800 adult patients with PTB of the national TB programme, across 28 treatment units in 4 districts, and their approximately 11 200 eligible contacts. The sample size has 80% power to detect the primary outcome of 50% reduction in incidence of active TB in HHC over 2 years of follow-up. Patients and HHC in both the arms will undergo nutritional assessment and counselling. Patients will receive monthly food rations (supplying 1200 kcal and 52 g proteins/day) and multivitamins along with antitubercular treatment. The HHC in the intervention arm will receive food rations (supplying 750 kcal and 23 g proteins/day) and multivitamins while HHC in control arm will be on usual diet. The secondary outcomes in HHC will include effects on nutritional status, non-TB infections. Secondary outcomes in patients are effects on TB mortality, adherence, adverse effects, nutritional and performance status. Substudies will examine micronutrient status and effects on dietary intake, body composition, muscle strength and immune function.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional ethics committee of ICMR-NIRT, Chennai, approved the study (289/NIRT-IEC/2018). The results will be disseminated in publications and presentations.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2019/08/020490.

scholarly journals Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Esto Bahizire ◽  
Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽  
Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2021–2022: Adapting Data Collection in a COVID-19 Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149-2156
Author(s):  
Ryne Paulose-Ram ◽  
Jessica E. Graber ◽  
David Woodwell ◽  
Namanjeet Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
National Data ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Biospecimen Collection ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Unique Source

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a unique source of national data on the health and nutritional status of the US population, collecting data through interviews, standard exams, and biospecimen collection. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, NHANES data collection was suspended, with more than a year gap in data collection. NHANES resumed operations in 2021 with the NHANES 2021–2022 survey, which will monitor the health and nutritional status of the nation while adding to the knowledge of COVID-19 in the US population. This article describes the reshaping of the NHANES program and, specifically, the planning of NHANES 2021–2022 for data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Details are provided on how NHANES transformed its participant recruitment and data collection plans at home and at the mobile examination center to safely collect data in a COVID-19 environment. The potential implications for data users are also discussed. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2149–2156. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306517 )

Clinical case of recurrent vomiting in a child: diagnostic search from functional gastrointestinal disorders to piloid astrocytoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
E. N. Voronina ◽  
◽  
D. V. Pechkurov ◽  
A. A. Tyazheva ◽  
E. V. Kozarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Recurrent Vomiting

The urgency of the problem of recurrent vomiting in children is due not only to the high prevalence of this syndrome, but also to a wide range of reasons for its development. The article presents a clinical case of observation of a child with recurrent vomiting syndrome. It shows the dynamics of the disease, the importance of identifying such «anxiety symptom» as the nutritional status violation. In this case, the cause of vomiting of central genesis was not immediately taken into account, although differential diagnosis presupposes an integrated approach, and doctors' oncological alertness should be constantly preserved even in pediatrics.

MO847PREVALENCE OF FATIGUE REPORTED BY PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Sanabria ◽  
Cesar Mauricio Doria ◽  
Edward Martinez ◽  
Carlos Simon ◽  
Jasmin Vesga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background and Aims Fatigue is a symptom with a high prevalence in patients on hemodialysis therapy due to uremic toxins, anemia, associated comorbidity, and hemodialysis treatment per se. Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue reported by patients and their association with the nutritional status. Method This was a prospective observational, multicenter cohort study. Prevalent patients on HD therapy for at least 90 days, older than 18, at the Baxter Renal Care Services were included between September 1, 2017, to November 30, 2017 with one-year follow-up. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were summarized descriptively, the nutritional status was evaluated by protein Energy waste (PEW). Patient reported fatigue was measured with high flux membrane and medium cut-off membrane (Theranova). A generalized linear binomial multivariable model was conducted to assess the effect of PEW on fatigue symptom controlling for some confounding variables. Results We found that the fatigue reported by the patients has a prevalence of 55% [95% CI: 52.2 to 57.7] in our population, there are no statistical differences due to the use of different types of membranes p= 0.911, and neither did we find that the nutritional status is an independent factor that explains this symptom. If we find that women and diabetics have a higher risk of fatigue; RR=1.17 [95% CI: 1.06 to 1.29] and RR= 1.19 [95% CI: 1.00 to 1.42] respectively. Conclusion The fatigue is a prevalent symptom in the chronic hemodialysis population; being a woman and the diagnosis of diabetes are risk factors associated with this outcome. PEW and the type of dialysis membrane used were not associated with this symptom. Studies evaluating the recovery time from post-dialysis symptoms and its relationship with the type of membrane are necessary.

scholarly journals Chronic back pain and mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2S) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
B. A. Volel ◽  
D. S. Petelin ◽  
D. O. Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic

Chronic back pain is a significant biomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and socioeconomic indicators. Mental disorders play a substantial role in the genesis of chronic pain. This review discusses the issues of back pain comorbid with depressive, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. It also considers the features of the clinical manifestations of pain associated with mental disorders. There are data on the neurobiological relationship between pain and mental disorders and on the personality traits of patients with chronic back pain.

Abstract P373: Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Clinical Definitions of Prediabetes

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Liu ◽  
Kathryn Foti ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: There are five different definitions of prediabetes currently used in clinical practice. How cardiovascular risk may differ by these different definitions of prediabetes and whether trends in cardiovascular risk in persons with prediabetes have changed over time is largely uncharacterized. Hypothesis: We expect the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors will vary by prediabetes definition and will be highest among those who meet clinical definitions with higher cutoff values. We hypothesize awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia have increased over time among those with prediabetes. Methods: We analyzed data for adults ages ≥ 20 years from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used calibrated HbA1c and FPG values to estimate prediabetes prevalence. We examined the prevalence and trends of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia among those who met each clinical definition of prediabetes, as well as awareness, treatment, and control. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes by each definitions remained stable across survey years. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia by clinical definition modestly increased over time. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was higher among individuals who met HbA1c-based definitions of prediabetes than other measures and was highest when more restrictive criteria for prediabetes were used. Awareness, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors increased over time by any definition, but the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors highlights the need for improvement in risk factor management in people with prediabetes.

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