scholarly journals Validation of estimated glycaemic index and glycaemic load, stratified by race, in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carmen N Wright ◽  
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽  
Andrew Mashchak ◽  
Pramil N Singh ◽  
Gary E Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Adventist Health Study

Abstract Objective: Few studies have validated FFQ estimates of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL). We investigated how well our estimates of overall GI and GL from FFQs correlate with estimates from repeated 24 h recall data to validate overall GI and GL in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Design: The AHS-2 is a prospective population-based cohort of 95 873 Seventh-day Adventist adult church members enrolled from 2002 to 2007 to investigate diet, cancer and mortality. Setting: A 204-item FFQ was used to assess race- and gender-specific validity of GI and GL and 24 h recall data, from the calibration sub-study, were used as the reference. Participants: The 734 calibration study participants were randomly selected by church and included approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites but were otherwise similar to the whole cohort with respect to gender, age, education and vegetarian status. Results: The deattenuated correlation coefficients for overall GI ranged from 0·19 (95 % CI −0·06, 0·53) in black men to 0·46 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·60) in black women, with both non-black men and women falling between those values (0·45 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·65) and 0·38 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·57), respectively). GL correlations were somewhat higher for all study participants. When looking at the entire cohort, the deattenuated validity correlation value for overall GI was (r 0·38, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·47) and GL was (r 0·39, 95 % CI 0·34, 0·49). Conclusions: Our findings support the cautious use of our FFQ in epidemiological studies when assessing associations of overall GI and GL with disease risk. However, observed differences by race should be considered when interpreting results.

scholarly journals The Association Between Phytosterol Intake and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Yessenia Tantamango-Bartley ◽  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Gary Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adventist Health Study

Abstract Objectives Breast cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer among American women. Worldwide, it is second only to lung cancer. Phytosterols are phytochemicals found in plant foods that have potential benefits for breast cancer. Research on phytosterols and cancer associations to date has been limited to breast cancer cell lines and animal studies, and the results have been promising. Our objective is to examine the association between breast cancer incidence and phytosterol intake in the Adventist Health Study-2, a large cohort in North America. Methods The present study estimated the association between phytosterol intake and breast cancer incidence in 52,734 females who were part of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) cohort. Breast cancer cases (n = 1050) were ascertained with tumor registries from 2008 to 2014. Phytosterols content in foods was quantified by using USDA 17 and other published sources. These values were used to estimate phytosterol intake from food intake assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Results Hazard ratios were below the null, but statistically non-significant for β-sitosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.44–1.36)], campesterol [HR = 0.84, 95%CI (0.46–1.55)], stigmasterol [HR = 0.76 (0.46–1.26)], and total phytosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.43–1.40)]. In premenopausal women, HRs ranged between 0.95–1.72; in postmenopausal women, HRs were below the null, ranging between 0.67–0.83. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, HRs were statistically non-significant. Conclusions The inverse association between phytosterol consumption and breast cancer incidence appears uncertain. The uncertainty possibly could be due to lack of power or measurement error. Additional epidemiological studies with a larger number of breast cancer cases, improved phytosterol intake estimates, or both are needed. Funding Sources Unilever Research &Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.

scholarly journals Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S61-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kelly ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Iowa Women's Health Study ◽  
Heart Disease Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

The epidemiological evidence for the cardio-protective effect of nut consumption is presented and reviewed. Four large prospective epidemiological studies of primary prevention of coronary heart disease are reviewed and discussed (Adventist Health Study, Iowa Women's Health Study, Nurses' Health Study and the Physicians' Health Study). Other studies of nuts and coronary heart disease risk are addressed. The combined evidence for a cardio-protective effect from nut consumption is summarized and presented graphically. The risk of coronary heart disease is 37 % lower for those consuming nuts more than four times per week compared to those who never or seldom consume nuts, with an average reduction of 8·3 % for each weekly serving of nuts. The evidence for a causal relationship between nut consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease is outlined using Hill's criteria for causality and is found to support a causal cardio-protective relationship.

Abstract TP196: Characteristics And Outcomes Of Acute Stroke Among Black Adults By Sex, Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program 2012-2018

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Odom ◽  
Xin Tong ◽  
Sallyann Coleman King
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: The nation’s highest rates in stroke deaths are among Blacks. After years of decline, the death rate began to stall around the beginning of this decade. This study will describe differences in stroke characteristics and outcomes by sex within this racial group. Method: The study is limited to patients identified as black and admitted with a clinical diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or ischemic stroke (IS) in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP) from 2012-2018. In total, there were 105,676 admissions from 521 participating hospitals. We compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by sex within this racial group. Results: Among stroke admissions for black patients, 14,785 (14.0%) were ICH, 4,520 (4.3%) were SAH, and 86,371 (81.7%) were IS. Black women suffered a greater proportion of ICH (5.3% vs 3.2%, p<.0001) and a smaller proportion of SAH (13.0% vs 15.0%, p<.0001) than black men. Black women who suffered an IS were more likely to arrive by EMS than black men (49.7 vs. 47.7%). Black men who suffered an ICH or IS were more likely than black women to be transferred from another hospital (ICH: 34.1% vs 32.4%; IS: 11.9% vs 10.7%). Black men were more likely than black women to be discharged home after IS (50.9% vs 48.1%). Across stoke types, a greater proportion of black men were able to ambulate independently at discharge. Conclusion: In this sample, IS was the most common diagnosis among both men and women (81.8% vs 81.7%) and well-known cardiovascular disease risk factors were identified. Although a number of differences between men and women were found to be statistically significant, the clinical impact is unknown. Clinicians and public health practitioners may need to develop targeted interventions or services for black women to reduce disparities in stroke and risk factors within this racial group.

scholarly journals Influence of Sex/Gender and Race on Responses to Raltegravir Combined With Tenofovir-Emtricitabine in Treatment-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients: Pooled Analyses of the STARTMRK and QDMRK Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Squires ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
Christine Katlama ◽  
Yazdan Yazdanpanah ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and blacks merits particular scrutiny because these groups have been underrepresented in clinical trials. Methods To document the effects of raltegravir across sex and racial lines, we conducted a pooled subgroup analysis of the efficacy and safety of raltegravir 400 mg BID plus tenofovir-emtricitabine by sex (women vs men) and self-identified race (black vs non-black) using phase 3 studies in treatment-naive patients. Results Study participants included 42 black women, 102 non-black women, 48 black men, and 477 non-black men. Clade B infections were less common in women (43.8%) than men (84.6%) and in blacks (45.6%) than non-blacks (80.5%). Baseline CD4 counts were ≤200 cells/µL in 52.2% of blacks and 31.6% of non-blacks. Black men had the largest proportion of patients with baseline CD4 counts &lt;50 cells/µL and the highest nontreatment-related discontinuation rate among the 4 sex-by-race subgroups. Human immunodeficiency virus-ribonucleic acid levels &lt;50 copies/mL were achieved at week 48 in 92.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.1–98.5) of black women, 93.6% (95% CI, 86.6–97.6) of non-black women, 82.9% (95% CI, 67.9–92.8) of black men, and 91.4% (95% CI, 88.4–93.8) of non-black men. Serious clinical adverse events were reported in 9.0% of women versus 8.8% of men and in 11.1% of blacks versus 8.5% of non-blacks. Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of patients with previously untreated HIV-1 infection receiving raltegravir plus tenofovir-emtricitabine, generally comparable results were achieved across sex and racial subgroups. However, black men had a lower response rate than either black women or non-black men, partially attributable to lower baseline CD4 counts and higher discontinuation rates.

scholarly journals Race-specific validation of food intake obtained from a comprehensive FFQ: the Adventist Health Study-2

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1988-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Joan Sabaté ◽  
Synnove F Knutsen ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Adventist Health Study

AbstractObjectiveTo assess race-specific validity of food and food group intakes measured using an FFQ.DesignCalibration study participants were randomly selected from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort by church, and then by subject-within-church. Intakes of forty-seven foods and food groups were assessed using an FFQ and then compared with intake estimates measured using six 24 h dietary recalls (24HDR). We used two approaches to assess the validity of the questionnaire: (i) cross-classification by quartile and (ii) de-attenuated correlation coefficients.SettingSeventh-day Adventist church members geographically spread throughout the USA and Canada.SubjectsMembers of the AHS-2 calibration study (550 whites and 461 blacks).ResultsThe proportion of participants with exact quartile agreement in the FFQ and 24HDR averaged 46 % (range: 29–87 %) in whites and 44 % (range: 25–88 %) in blacks. The proportion of quartile gross misclassification ranged from 1 % to 11 % in whites and from 1 % to 15 % in blacks. De-attenuated validity correlations averaged 0·59 in whites and 0·48 in blacks. Of the forty-seven foods and food groups, forty-three in whites and thirty-three in blacks had validity correlations >0·4.ConclusionsThe AHS-2 questionnaire has good validity for most foods in both races; however, validity correlations tend to be higher in whites than in blacks.

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

scholarly journals MCR: Open-Source Software to Automate Compilation of Health Study Report-Back

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6104
Author(s):  
Erin Polka ◽  
Ellen Childs ◽  
Alexa Friedman ◽  
Kathryn S. Tomsho ◽  
Birgit Claus Henn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Sharing individualized results with health study participants, a practice we and others refer to as “report-back,” ensures participant access to exposure and health information and may promote health equity. However, the practice of report-back and the content shared is often limited by the time-intensive process of personalizing reports. Software tools that automate creation of individualized reports have been built for specific studies, but are largely not open-source or broadly modifiable. We created an open-source and generalizable tool, called the Macro for the Compilation of Report-backs (MCR), to automate compilation of health study reports. We piloted MCR in two environmental exposure studies in Massachusetts, USA, and interviewed research team members (n = 7) about the impact of MCR on the report-back process. Researchers using MCR created more detailed reports than during manual report-back, including more individualized numerical, text, and graphical results. Using MCR, researchers saved time producing draft and final reports. Researchers also reported feeling more creative in the design process and more confident in report-back quality control. While MCR does not expedite the entire report-back process, we hope that this open-source tool reduces the barriers to personalizing health study reports, promotes more equitable access to individualized data, and advances self-determination among participants.

scholarly journals The association between soya consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in the Adventist Health Study-2

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1464-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Tonstad ◽  
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽  
Mark Messina ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Gary E Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adventist Health Study

AbstractObjectiveConsumers may choose soya foods as healthful alternatives to animal products, but concern has arisen that eating large amounts of soya may adversely affect thyroid function. The present study aimed to examine the association between soya food consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in North American churchgoers belonging to the Seventh-day Adventist denomination that encourages vegetarianism.DesignParticipants completed six repeated 24 h dietary recalls within a 6-month period. Soya protein and soya isoflavone intakes were estimated, and their relationships to TSH concentrations measured at the end of 6 months were calculated using logistic regression analyses.SettingCalibration sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2.SubjectsWomen (n 548) and men (n 295) who were not taking thyroid medications.ResultsIn men, age and urinary iodine concentrations were associated with high serum TSH concentrations (>5 mIU/l), while among women White ethnicity was associated with high TSH. In multivariate models adjusted for age, ethnicity and urinary iodine, soya isoflavone and protein intakes were not associated with high TSH in men. In women higher soya isoflavone consumption was associated with higher TSH, with an adjusted odds ratio (highest v. lowest quintile) of 4·17 (95 % CI 1·73, 10·06). Likewise, women with high consumption of soya protein (midpoint of highest quintile, 11 g/d) v. low consumption (midpoint of lowest quintile, 0 g/d) carried increased odds of high TSH (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·30).ConclusionsIn women high consumption of soya was associated with elevated TSH concentrations. No associations between soya intake and TSH were found in men.

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