Food patterns and Mediterranean diet in western and eastern Mediterranean islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
Christina Bamia ◽  
Antoni Pons ◽  
Josep A Tur ◽  
Antonia Trichopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

AbstractObjectiveTo assess current Mediterranean dietary patterns (MDP) in the western and eastern Mediterranean, i.e. in Balearic islanders (BI) and Greek islanders (GI).Subjects and methodsDietary patterns were assessed using FFQ on a representative sample (n1200) of the BI and GI (n1324) adult population. A Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated according to the consumption of nine MDP components: (i) with a beneficial effect on health, i.e. vegetables, fruits and nuts, cereals, legumes, fish and shellfish, MUFA:SFA ratio, and moderate alcohol consumption; and (ii) with a detrimental effect on health, i.e. meat and meat products, and milk and dairy products. Persons with consumption of beneficial components below the median (GI plus BI) received a value of 0 and those with consumption above the median a value of 1. Persons with below-median consumption of detrimental components received a value of 1 and above-median consumption a value of 0. For alcohol, a value of 1 was given to consumptions of 10–50 g/d (men) and 5–25 g/d (women). The range of the MDS was 0–9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the MDP.ResultsGI showed higher adherence (mean MDS 5·12 (sd1·42)) to the MDP than BI (mean MDS 3·32 (sd1·23)). BI diet was characterized by a high intake of legumes, nuts, seed oils, sugar and confectionery, and non-alcoholic beverages compared with GI, whereas GI diet was richer in fruit, vegetables, potatoes, olive oil, animal products and alcoholic beverages.ConclusionsThe GI diet seems closer to the traditional MDP than the BI diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Unhealthy Behaviors in Brazil: The Current Scenario

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 22s-22s
Author(s):  
J.E. Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
S.P. Crispim ◽  
L.M. De Almeida ◽  
M. De Camargo Cancela
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binge Drinker ◽  
Physically Inactive

Background: Along with the epidemiologic transition that Brazil has experiencing in the last decades, the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, diet westernization and physical inactivity, are also observed. It is well known that those factors, alone or combined promote the increase of cancer incidence. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the main dietary patterns in Brazilian population and to measure their association with unhealthy behaviors as physical inactivity, binge drinking and smoking. Methods: The study was based on the National Health Survey data, representing the adult Brazilian population, conducted in 2013. A questionnaire containing 22 dietary intake questions was applied. Dietary patterns were identified through principal components analyses (PCA). Factor scores were divided into quartiles from lower to higher (Q1-Q4) and included in specific models as dependent variables. Poisson regression with robust error variance model were fitted to perform the association between Q1-Q4 and physical inactivity, binge drinking and smoking. The multivariate models were adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related variables. P value of < 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results: Total of survey's respondents was 60,202 (estimated population size=146,308,458). PCA identified three distinct dietary patterns: so called healthy - fruits, vegetables and natural fruit juice; protein - beans and meats; western - snacks, sweets and sugary beverages. Physically inactive individuals, smokers and binge drinkers were respectively 15%, 27% and 12% significantly less likely to adopt the healthy pattern when compared with active individuals, nonsmokers and nondrinkers. Younger individuals (18-24) were 52% (95% CI: 50%–55%) significantly less likely to adopt this pattern, compared with the oldest (60 and older). Younger individuals were 64% (95% CI: 57%–71%) more likely to adopt the protein pattern compared with their older counterparts (60 and older). Being physically inactive, smoker and binge drinker significantly increased the risk of adopting the protein pattern in 12%, 17%, 13% respectively, when compared with active individuals, nonsmokers and nondrinkers. The western pattern was significantly twice (101%, 95% CI: 92%–110%) more common among individual aged 18-24 than in the elderly (60 and older). Being a binge drinker increased significantly in 16% the likelihood of adopting the western pattern compared with nondrinkers. Being physically inactive and smoker was not significantly associated to this pattern. Conclusion: We identified significant associations between the 3 dietary patterns and unhealthy behaviors in the Brazilian adult population. However, the main risk factor related was younger age and the association was stronger for the western pattern. Our study shows that young adults must be targeted in the context of public health nutrition campaigns.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status, place of residence and dietary habits among the elderly: the Mediterranean islands study

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Katsarou ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Theodora Psaltopoulou ◽  
Akis Zeimbekis ◽  
Nikos Tsakountakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the socio-economic status (SES) of elderly eastern Mediterranean islanders is associated with their dietary habits, particularly with adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet.DesignCross-sectional.SettingAdherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the MedDietScore (range: 0–55), whereas SES was estimated using education and financial status.SubjectsDuring 2005–2007, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 100 from Samothraki, 142 from Mitilini, 114 from Kefalonia, 131 from Crete, 150 from Lemnos, 150 from Corfu and 103 from Zakynthos (aged 65–100 years), free of known chronic diseases, participated in the survey.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis revealed that belonging to the highest SES was associated with a higher MedDietScore (P< 0·01), after adjusting for potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and clinical confounders. A significant positive association was also found between MedDietScore and years of school (P= 0·004), as well as financial status (P= 0·001).ConclusionsOlder Greek people of higher SES seem to follow a relatively healthier diet. Both education and income seem to play a role in this issue. Thus, public health policy makers should focus on people with low SES in order to improve their quality of diet and, consequently, their health status.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome characteristics at the crossroads of metabolic health and lifestyle patterns in an adult population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽  
M. Pilar Francino ◽  
Maria Yannakoulia ◽  
Smaragdi Antonopoulou ◽  
Adamantini Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Obesity Status

AbstractIntroductionCumulative findings have recently highlighted the role of gut microbiota as a novel environmental factor in the fight against obesity and related comorbidities. We aimed to investigate (1) the gut microbiome characteristics of a Greek adult population in terms of adiposity prevalence and (2) to further elucidate the potential effect of physical activity level and adherence to a-priori (Mediterranean Diet) and a-posteriori dietary patterns in gut microbiota profiling after accounting for sex, age and obesity status.Materials and MethodsAdult participants (n = 125) underwent clinical, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity and lifestyle evaluation. Obesity status [normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), obesity (OB)] was defined based on body weight and height measurements, Body Mass Index calculation and the World Health Organization criteria. Levels of physical activity (low/medium/high) were estimated according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scoring. Dietary intake was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was based on the MedDietScore and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for dietary patterns analysis. Gut microbial community characteristics (diversity, richness and proportions at phylum level) were calculated based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsA total of 122 subjects (58 females; mean age 42.4 ± 13.1 years) completed the study. OB was characterized by lower proportions of Verrucomicrobia compared to NW state (p = 0.034 for univariate), unidentified bacteria (p = 0.014) and the Archaea Euryarchaeota (p = 0.003) compared to OW status, and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria compared to NW (p = 0.027) and OW (p = 0.039) after sex and age adjustments. Regarding lifestyle parameters, our data proposed no significant effect of total physical activity levels on gut microbiome; notably, a ‘fruit and vegetables’ dietary pattern and adherence to Mediterranean diet were both characterized by lower microbial diversity and proportions of Actinobacteria but higher proportions of Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast and Lentisphaerae, respectively. Furthermore, a Western-type dietary pattern (high in full fat dairy products, potatoes, refined cereals, red meat, snacks and junkfood) was characterized by lower gut microbial richness (Chao1 index), whereas a healthy dietary pattern (high in low fat dairy and wholegrain cereals and low in snack and junk food) was characterized by higher proportion of Firmicutes.DiscussionOur data proposed variable connections of metabolic health and dietary patterns with features of gut microbiota; design of gut microbiome studies is advisable to account for host- and lifestyle-related potential confounders.

scholarly journals Association of alcohol consumption and dietary patterns in the adult population: data from the ESSE-RF study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
A. I. Rytova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Fish Products

The alcohol consumption is associated with dietary patterns.  Aim. To study the associations of alcohol consumption and dietary patterns in the adult population.  Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using representative samples of male and female population aged 25-64 years (n=19437; men, 7306; women, 12131 women) from 13 Russian regions.The response rate was 80%. We assessed nutrition by the frequency of consuming basic food groups. The low alcohol intake (LI) category includes women and men who consume <42 g and <84 g, moderate consumption (MI) — 42 g and 84 g, high intake (HI) — 84 g and 168 g ethanol per week, respectively.Results. In comparison with men who do not drink alcohol, MI and HI category representatives more often consume red meat — by 22 and 36%, meat and sausages — by 37 and 48%, and less often: fish products — by 34 and 33%, cottage cheese — by 51 and 53%, respectively. More rare consumption of poultry is significant in the MI group, vegetables/fruits — in the HI group, sweets — in the LI group. Consumption of pickles, cereals, pasta, liquid dairy products, cheese and sour cream does not differ between the groups in men. Compared to women who do not drink alcohol, women in the LI, MI and HI groups significantly more often consume meat and sausages — by 16, 28 and 85%, respectively. Women of the LI and MI groups more often consume red meat — by 15 and 33%, confectionery — by 29 and 24%, less often: cereals — by 9 and 18%, legumes — by 44 and 53% and cottage cheese — by 19 and 44 %, respectively. Women of the LI category more often daily consume milk, kefir and yogurt — by 26%, and less often fish products — by 18%. Women of the HI group are less likely to consume fruits/vegetables. Consumption of poultry, pickles and cheese do not differ between groups among women.Conclusion. People who consume alcoholic beverages have a pronounced nutritional imbalance, characterized by a higher consumption of red meat, especially processed, high-fat dairy products, salt, and in women, confectionery.

scholarly journals Current Food Consumption amongst the Spanish ANIBES Study Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken ◽  
Emma Ruiz ◽  
Javier Aranceta-Bartrina ◽  
Ángel Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Dietary habits amongst the Spanish population are currently a relevant cause for concern, as macronutrient profiles and micronutrient intakes seem to be inadequate and globally moving away from the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. However, recent food consumption patterns have not been fully assessed. In the present study, our aim was therefore to describe the current food consumption from the “anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain” (ANIBES) study population by assessing data defined by age and gender. The ANIBES study is a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population. A three-day dietary record was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption. The sample comprised 2009 individuals aged 9–75 years, plus a boost sample for the youngest age groups (9–12, 13–17, and 18–24 years, n = 200 per age group). The most consumed food group across all age segments were non-alcoholic beverages followed by milk and dairy products and vegetables. Consumption of cereals and derivatives, milk and dairy products, sugars and sweets, and ready-to-eat meals by children was significantly higher than those by the adult and older adult populations (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, intakes of vegetables, fruits, and fish and shellfish were significantly higher in adults and older adults (p ≤ 0.05). In order to comply with recommendations, adherence to the Mediterranean dietary patterns should be strengthened, especially amongst younger population groups. Therefore, substantial nutritional interventions may be targeted to improve the Spanish population’s dietary patterns nowadays.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Maltese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Massimo Libra
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Adherence Score ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background: Populations living in Mediterranean islands are experiencing a nutrition transition process from traditional to Westernized dietary patterns. No information on this matter regarding individuals living in Malta have been published to date. The aim of this study was to assess the level of adherence of the Maltese people to the Mediterranean diet and which factors were associated with it. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in the island of Malta between 2014 and 2016. A literature-based Mediterranean diet adherence score was used to assess the level of adherence to the dietary pattern. Results: Out of 3947 adults, the overall Mediterranean diet adherence score mean was 7.19 (SD 1.91): being female, non-smoker, and having older age was associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Less clear pattern of association was found for educational and occupational status, for which medium educational level and a high occupational level were associated with lower adherence to Mediterranean diet. Higher adherence was finally associated with consumption of healthier food groups (more rice and dark bread and less pasta and white bread; more all plant-food groups and fish, less animal-food sources, including fast foods; more light cheeses and yogurt were more frequently consumed among higher adherent individuals in spite of regular ones). Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Malta is lower than in those of populations living in companion Mediterranean islands. Given the lack of data on this topic, further studies should be conducted among the Maltese people and public health nutrition interventions should be planned to improve current eating habits toward more traditional dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to < 10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Federico Lara Villoslada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to < 10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to < 10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Mireia Falguera ◽  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽  
Maria Belén Vilanova ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

scholarly journals Social determinants of dietary patterns, food basket costs and expenditure on alcohol and tobacco amongst Greenland Inuit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peter Bjerregaard ◽  
Christina Viskum Lytken Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
Food Basket ◽  
Purchase Patterns ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objective: Dietary transition, obesity and risky use of alcohol and tobacco are challenges to public health among indigenous peoples. The aim of the article was to explore the role of social position in dietary patterns and expenditures on food and other commodities. Design: Countrywide population health survey. Setting: Greenland. Participants: 2436 Inuit aged 15+ years. Results: Less than half of the expenditures on commodities (43 %) were used to buy nutritious food, and the remaining to buy non-nutritious food (21 %), alcoholic beverages (18 %) and tobacco (18 %). Participants were classified according to five dietary patterns. The cost of a balanced diet and an unhealthy diet was similar, but the cost per 1000 kJ was higher and the energy consumption was lower for the balanced diet. Participants with low social position chose the unhealthy pattern more often than those with high social position (40 % v. 24 %; P < 0·0001), whereas those with high social position more often chose the balanced alternative. Participants with low social position spent less money on the total food basket than those with high social position but more on non-nutritious food, alcohol and tobacco. Conclusions: Cost seems to be less important than other mechanisms in the shaping of social dietary patterns and the use of alcohol and tobacco among the Inuit in Greenland. Rather than increasing the price of non-nutritious food or subsidising nutritious food, socially targeted interventions and public health promotion regarding food choice and prevention of excessive alcohol use and smoking are needed to change the purchase patterns.

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