On-Line Semi-Automatic Measurement of Individual Crystal Orientations in Heavily Deformed Materials in the TEM

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
S. Zaefferer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Individual Crystal ◽  
Crystal Orientations ◽  
Diffraction Geometry ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ebsd Technique

The measurement of individual crystal orientations in heavily deformed materials is of great importance especially for the study of recrystallization mechanisms. The electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique which is frequently used nowadays in the SEM for these kind of studies has three important drawbacks: first, its spatial resolution is limited to about 0.5 μm, second, the sample deformation is limited to only about 60 %, and third, the dislocation microstructure cannot be observed. All these problems can be overcome using a micro beam diffraction technique in the TEM. Two techniques can be distinguished, the Kikuchi pattern technique and the spot pattern technique. With a spatial resolution of down to about 10 nm they arc well suited for orientation measurements in highly deformed material. Nevertheless, since spot patterns are less sensible to deformation the spot technique is the ultimate choice in the case a most highly deformed material. An automatic procedure for the evaluation of spot patterns has been developed and, together with the Kikuchi technique, implemented in a computer program for the on-line analysis of crystal orientations at the TEM. The new procedure and its applications to highly deformed materials is the subject of this presentation. Spot patterns are less sensitive to the sample deformation than Kikuchi patterns due to the differences in the diffraction geometry and due to the relaxation of the Bragg diffraction conditions for spot patterns.

On-Line Calculation of Pulmonary Mechanics by Digital Computer

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Brault ◽  
G. Atlan ◽  
H. Lorino ◽  
A. Harf ◽  
A.-M. Lorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ventilatory Mechanics ◽  
Computerized System

A system was built up around a minicomputer to process in real time pressure and flow signals collected during the course of three ventilatory mechanics tests: the calculation of the lung volume, the evaluation of the static lung compliance, the analysis of the forced expiratory performance. The subject is seated in an open body Plethysmograph, which allows for the instantaneous calculation of changes in the volume of his thorax and abdomen. The system is controlled through a graphics console which displays the sampled curves and the results of data processing. In addition, the signals can be stored on demand onto a magnetic tape so that the method can be tested and improved off line. The results obtained in healthy volunteers are highly reproducible. A close correspondence is found both in patients and volunteers between computer-derived and hand-calculated results. The computerized system has become a standard equipment of our Lung Function Department, where it allows for a rapid quantitative analysis of lung volumes, lung elasticity and bronchial airflow.

scholarly journals On the Use of EBSD and Microhardness to Study the Microstructure Properties of Tungsten Samples Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Mirza Atif Abbas ◽  
Yan Anru ◽  
Zhi Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Plasma Facing Components ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Additively manufactured tungsten and its alloys have been widely used for plasma facing components (PFCs) in future nuclear fusion reactors. Under the fusion process, PFCs experience a high-temperature exposure, which will ultimately affect the microstructural features, keeping in mind the importance of microstructures. In this study, microhardness and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were used to study the specimens. Vickers hardness method was used to study tungsten under different parameters. EBSD technique was used to study the microstructure and Kikuchi pattern of samples under different orientations. We mainly focused on selective laser melting (SLM) parameters and the effects of these parameters on the results of different techniques used to study the behavior of samples.

Health care Online

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject

The BMJ has always been recognised as a leading medical journal for a wide range of subjects, and has always been useful for nurses to access for up to date and current medical opinion. Recently the BMJ has diversified to take on a more political nature, with its content reflecting a more proactive approach to influencing health care policy in the United Kingdom by the medical profession. As such the BMJ has become extremely useful for identifying opinions of current ‘hot topics’ for nurses that are headline news such as nurse consultants, hospital administration and central government policy. However, one problem remains, trying to find the original copy in the library will remain difficult. After spending the best part of an hour to suddenly realise that ‘how silly you are for not realising that BMJ March 1997 is filed in the British Journal of Nursing section 1998!!’ is often a frustrating and demoralising experience - particularly if after finding the article you find it has nothing to do with the subject that you are researching. This problem is to be banished forever with the BMJ website. The full BMJ is available free on line. The excellent search engine is particularly useful and is accurate when matching target articles. All articles are available for ‘full text’ downloads free of charge.

English Metre Once More

PMLA ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-326
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
English School ◽  
English Verse ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject

Although hundreds of books and articles have been written on the subject, there is still no agreement upon the question: What is the basis of English metre? There have been three schools of metrics: that of a strict count of syllables; that of accent; and that of equal times. The latest work which I have found to consider a strict count of syllables the sole basis of English metre was published in Heidelberg in 1902. But both of the other schools have their representatives today. It is my purpose to raise the question once more, and to throw light upon it from a hitherto unexplored source of unusual value, The English School of Lutenist Song Writers. I hope to show that the theory of equal times marked by stress best explains the varying phenomena of modern English verse, and especially the inclusion in metrical verse of such extremely irregular poems as “The Listeners” by De la Mare. And I hope also to clarify several metrical terms: the so-called “trochaic substitution” in iambic metre, the “caesura,” and the “run-on line.”

Introductory remarks

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1468) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
Secondary Battery ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Cross Fertilization

As its title suggests, the purpose of this Discussion Meeting is to review the present state of the art in industrial electrochemistry. We have sought to bring together academic and industrial workers in this field as well as other interested participants. I hope that as the meeting proceeds, a cross-fertilization of ideas will occur both in the formal sessions and during the breaks. The organizers of this Meeting have given considerable thought to the order in which the different aspects of electrochemistry should be presented. Evidently we had to begin with the fundamentals, after which we decided to deal with the general aspects of electrosynthesis including the developing possibilities of supplying energy to biological processes by electrochem ical means. This led naturally to consideration of electrochemical engineering and electroanalytical methods for on-line control. In one session we shall move to a very practical application of electrochemistry, namely batteries. Beginning with Volta’s simple cell, this application is one of the oldest in electrochemistry. In spite of all the advances in the subject, the possibilities of new primary and secondary battery systems remain as wide as ever. I, for one, shall be most interested to hear the progress reports of our three speakers.

Advanced Synchrotron Radiation and Neutron Scattering Techniques for Microstructural Characterization in Industrial Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fiori ◽  
Emmanuelle Girardin ◽  
Alessandra Giuliani ◽  
Adrian Manescu ◽  
Serena Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Angle Scattering

The rapid development of new materials and their application in an extremely wide variety of research and technological fields has lead to the request of increasingly sophisticated characterization methods. In particular residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction, small angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, as well as 3D imaging techniques with spatial resolution at the micron or even sub-micron scale, like micro-and nano-computerized tomography, have gained a great relevance in recent years.Residual stresses are autobalancing stresses existing in a free body not submitted to any external surface force. Several manufacturing processes, as well as thermal and mechanical treatments, leave residual stresses within the components. Bragg diffraction of X-rays and neutrons can be used to determine residual elastic strains (and then residual stresses by knowing the material elastic constants) in a non-destructive way. Small Angle Scattering of neutrons or X-rays, complementary to Transmission Electron Microscopy, allows the determination of structural features such as volume fraction, specific surface and size distribution of inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix, in a huge variety of materials of industrial interest. X-ray microtomography is similar to conventional Computed Tomography employed in Medicine, allowing 3D imaging of the investigated samples, but with a much higher spatial resolution, down to the sub-micron scale. Some examples of applications of the experimental techniques mentioned above are described and discussed.

scholarly journals Avaliação Social Construtivista de uma Experiência em EAD: o uso do COLLES enquanto instrumento de coleta de dados

EAD em FOCO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Roda Cassundé ◽  
Edson Gomes Silva ◽  
Laís da Silva Santos ◽  
Adler Henrique Santos Souza ◽  
Graça Suely Gomes Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On Line Learning ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as expectativas e experiências dos estudantes em relação à disciplina O Estado e os problemas contemporâneos, do Curso de Especialização em Gestão Pública da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (Univasf). Para isso, foi realizada a aplicação do questionário de autoavaliação Colles (Constructivist Online Learning Environment Survey) verificando-se as possíveis mudanças na percepção e comparando-se os resultados do antes e do depois referente a seis dimensões: relevância, reflexão, interação, apoio dos tutores, apoio dos colegas e compreensão. Participaram da pesquisa 97 alunos, em dois momentos diferentes: no início das aulas, para conhecer as expectativas dos estudantes e no final delas, para se ter uma compreensão da realidade vivenciada. Os resultados revelaram que a análise da experiência sempre foi inferior quando comparada à análise da expectativa em todos os aspectos apresentados, evidenciando que alguns participantes sentenciaram não ter alcançado os objetivos pretendidos.Palavras-chave: Colles, Educação a distância, Avaliação, Pós-graduação, PNAP.  Social Constructivist Evaluation of an Experience in Distance Education: the use of Colles as Data Collection InstrumentAbstract This study aims to evaluate the students expectations and experiences regarding the subject "The State and the contemporary problems", in Public Management post-graduation from the Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF). For this, the application carried out the self-assessment questionnaire COLLES (Constructivist On-line Learning Environment Survey) checking for possible changes in perception and comparing the results before and after referring to the six dimensions: relevance, reflection, interaction, support tutors, peer support and understanding. The participants were 97 students in two different times at the beginning of classes, to meet the expectations of students and at the end of these, to have an understanding of experienced reality. The results showed that the students' experience overcame the negative assessment in all aspects presented, showing that some participants sentenced not have achieved the intended objectives.Keywords: COLLES, Distance education, Evaluation, Postgraduate studies, PNAP. 

scholarly journals A REALIDADE DO TRABALHO DO PROFESSOR DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: PESQUISA BIBLIOGRÁFICA ON-LINE EM FOCO

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Zelina Cardoso Grund ◽  
Renata Portela Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
School Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
National Association ◽  
Academic Production ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Analysis Protocol

This article aims to present the survey of academic production on "teacher training and teaching work" in higher education, produced in the period from 2007 to 2017 and published by the National Association of politics and administration of Education (ANPAE). The methodology used was bibliographical research online from carefully defined parameters in order to support a broader study on the "State of knowledge". The following descriptors were used: teacher training, teaching, higher education work. Select the complete works of the Ibero-American Congress of policy and school administration and the Brazilian Symposium of politics and Administration. The treatment and analysis of the information was systematized from a bibliographical analysis protocol. The result shows that there are a small number of publications on the subject in the relevant axis to higher education in national and international scientific events.

Dynamical effects in the integrated X-ray scattering intensity from imperfect crystals in Bragg diffraction geometry. II. Dynamical theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Molodkin ◽  
S. I. Olikhovskii ◽  
S. V. Dmitriev ◽  
V. V. Lizunov
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Diffraction Geometry ◽  
Lattice Space ◽  
Integrated Intensities ◽  
Ray Scattering

The analytical expressions for coherent and diffuse components of the integrated reflection coefficient are considered in the case of Bragg diffraction geometry for single crystals containing randomly distributed microdefects. These expressions are analyzed numerically for the cases when the instrumental integration of the diffracted X-ray intensity is performed on one, two or three dimensions in the reciprocal-lattice space. The influence of dynamical effects, i.e. primary extinction and anomalously weak and strong absorption, on the integrated intensities of X-ray scattering is investigated in relation to the crystal structure imperfections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document