The effect of condensed tannins on Haemonchus contortus in sheep experimentally infected

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
A. P. Minho ◽  
S. M. Gennari ◽  
A. L. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Alternative Methods

Clinical and sub clinical parasite infection depresses live-weight gain, feed intake, milk and wool production and can impair soft tissue deposition and skeletal growth. To date these infections have been controlled using anthelmintics, however the increasing prevalence of multiple anthelmintic resistance points towards the urgent need for alternative methods to reduce our reliance upon chemoprophylaxis. In addition, the worldwide growth of organic agriculture, in which the use of synthetic products is strongly restricted, needs alternatives for helminthes control. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary condensed tannins (CT) on Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep.

The effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on haematological parameters in young Merino sheep and its significance for productivity

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. A. Albers ◽  
G. D. Gray ◽  
L. F. Le Jambre ◽  
I. A. Barger ◽  
J. S. F. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Iron Concentrations

ABSTRACTFaecal egg counts, haematocrits, erythrocyte potassium contents and serum iron concentrations were determined in 1005, 3- to 5-month-old Merino lambs infected with a single dose of 11 000 Haemonchus contortus larvae. Live-weight gain and wool growth also were recorded. Lambs were infected in six different groups over a 3-year period. When infections were terminated after 5 weeks, faecal egg counts in the six infected groups had reached a peak of 5170 to 20 339 eggs per g (average 12 909), haematocrits had declined to between 196 and 309 ml/1 (average 233), erythrocyte potassium contents had risen to between 16·7 and 37·5 mequiv. per 1 (average 31·5) and serum iron concentrations, in some cases following an erratic course, had dropped to between 0·512 and 1·546 mg/1 (average 0·946).Of the three haematological parameters, haematocrit correlated best with faecal egg count (r = 0·7 in four of six infected groups). However, in two groups with low faecal egg counts this correlation was much lower (r = 0·3). Erythrocyte potassium concentration and serum iron concentration significantly correlated with variability of haematocrit not accounted for by faecal egg count, suggesting that both erythropoiesis and iron availability influence the degree of anaemia.The effect of H. contortus infection on productivity of lambs was best predicted by haematocrits: for each further 0·01 proportional decrease in haematocrit, a 0·03 reduction of live-weight gain over a 9-week post-infection period, a 0·007 reduction in clean wool growth and a 0·004 reduction in fibre diameter over a 4- to 9-week period were observed. Some evidence was obtained indicating a tolerance level of anaemia at approximately 280 ml/1 packed cell volume.

Seasonal changes in the composition and mineral content of the body of hill ewes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Field ◽  
N. F. Suttle ◽  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Intracellular Ions

SUMMARYGroups of ewes kept under hill conditions were killed at intervals during October to July 1965–66. Supplementary feed was given between February and May. The carcasses were divided into soft tissue, uterus and its contents and skeletal fractions. Each fraction was dissolved in HNO3 and its fat and mineral content measured. The sheep were heavier in November and lighter in May during lactation than at other times. The content of fat in the body fell progressively from October to May and then increased; initially fat was withdrawn only from the soft tissues but by April and May the fat contents of both skeleton and soft tissues were exceedingly low. The weight of fatfree soft tissue remained relatively constant but was heaviest in July. Fat-free skeleton fraction was lighter in January than in April.The contents of the predominantly intracellular ions, P, Mg and K in the soft tissue fell between November and January, remained constant between January and May and then increased. There was an increase in Na towards the end of pregnancy followed by a marked fall after parturition. The contents of Ca and P in the skeleton fell between November and January and during lactation between April and July. There was a marked increase between February and April when supplementary feeding was given. Evidence that Mg was selectively removed from the skeleton was obtained in November and January, two sheep having Ca:Mg ratios in skeleton greater than 100. Na and K contents of the skeleton were greatest at the end of pregnancy in April. For the lambs between 6 and 23 kg live weight, each kg of live-weight gain contained 8·8 g Ca, 5·0 g P, 0·27 g Mg, 0·83 g Na and 1·85 g K.

Genetic and epidemiological relationships between productivity and disease resistance: gastro-intestinal parasite infection in growing lambs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Bishop ◽  
M. J. Stear
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Selection For

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how interactions between host genotype for resistance to an infectious disease and the epidemiology of that disease can have large influences on animal productivity and hence on breeding goals for domestic livestock. This is illustrated for the case of gastro-intestinal parasitism in lambs. A model of the parasite infection was developed to include between-animal variation (genetic, permanent and temporary environmental) for live-weight gain, food intake, larval establishment rate in the host, worm fecundity and worm mortality rate. Achieved live-weight gain was defined as the sum of potential live-weight gain under conditions of no parasite infection, a trait correlated with food intake and growth-rate reduction due to the infection. The reduction in growth-rate was calculated from cumulative larval challenge and cumulative worm mass in the lamb. Genetic parameters were then estimated for the output traits of observed live weight at 6 months of age, growth rate reduction and faecal egg count. Model parameters were chosen so that the output means and heritabilities for faecal egg count and live-weight gain mimicked field data for Scottish Blackface lambs and growth-rate reductions were proportionately 0·25 , on average. The model predicted a weak phenotypic correlation (mean = -0·10) between observed live weight and faecal egg count, the indicator of resistance but a stronger favourable (negative) genetic correlation between these traits (mean = -0·27). The severity, or epidemiology, of the disease greatly influenced the results - the genetic correlation between observed live weight and faecal egg count strengthened from -0·02 to -0·46 as the disease severity changed from mild to severe. Selection for reduced faecal egg count resulted in large correlated increases in live-weight gain, more than twice that predicted by quantitative genetic theory, due to the reductions in growth rate losses as the disease challenge to the animals decreased. Conversely, selection for increased live-weight gain resulted in reductions in faecal egg count close to expectations. This asymmetry of selection response emphasizes the epidemiological benefits obtainable from selection for resistance to infectious chronic diseases - such selection will result in improvements in both animal health and productivity not seen when selection is for improved productivity, alone. Breeding goals should be designed to take account of such effects.

scholarly journals Long-Acting Moxidectin for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Preweaned Beef Calves in Tropical Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique Reckziegel ◽  
Mario Henrique Conde ◽  
Mariana Green de Freitas ◽  
Matheus Takemi Muchon Nakatani ◽  
Dyego Gonçalves Lino Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Second Stage

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in beef calves in the preweaning period can be an underestimated problem, and an adequate control program can result in increased productivity. In the current scenario of anthelmintic resistance, clinical studies with highly effective molecules with a prolonged period of action can contribute to the development of technologies applied in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10% moxidectin formulation (10%MOX), administered to calves aged 4–5 months, in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain until the time of weaning. The study was divided into 2 stages. The first stage was carried out on a farm, with a randomized block design based on fecal egg counts (FEC), live weight, number of calvings of the mother, breed of the calves, and pickets. In the second stage, the study was repeated on 10 other farms, following a completely randomized design, to confirm the results obtained in the first stage. In all experiments there was a treated group and a placebo group. In the first stage, the effectiveness of 10%MOX in the FECRT performed on the 38th day post-treatment was 98.49%, and the treated animals still had lower FEC averages and a 9.4 kg increase in weight at weaning compared to those from the placebo group. In the second stage, the average increase in weight gain was 6.1 kg, confirming the results of the first stage. The study demonstrated effective control of GINs and improvement in the productive performance of calves treated in the preweaning phase, using 10% moxidectin.

The effect of chlortetracycline on growth of early-weaned calves

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston ◽  
N. A. McLeod ◽  
P. K. Dinda
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fermentative Activity ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The One

1. Twenty-eight calves fed reconstituted buttermilk for 20 days and then concentrates, hay and water were allocated to 4 treatments consisting of the addition of chlortetracycline to both the buttermilk and the concentrate mixture, to the buttermilk alone, to the concentrates alone, or to neither.2. Live-weight gains from 3 to 28 days and the incidence of scouring were not affected significantly by any of the treatments.3. The addition of chlortetracycline to the concentrate mixture increased significantly: (a) rate of live-weight gain from 28 to 56 days and from 56 o t 84 days: (b) skeletal growth from 3 to 84 days: (c) the consumption of concentrates from 14 to 56 and from 14 to 84 days; and (d) the concentrate conversion rate.4. The addition of chlortetracycline to the buttermilk had no significant effect on any of the above measurements neither did it make any significant difference to the effect of adding chlortetracycline to the concentrate mixture.5. There was a direct relationship between quantity of concentrates consumed on the one hand, and rate of live-weight gain and efficiency of conversion of the concentrate, on the other. None of the treatment effects was significant after the data were corrected for differences in the quantities of concentrates consumed.6. From the results of this experiment and from evidence in the literature it is postulated that one of the effects of feeding antibiotics to calves is to reduce the fermentative activity of rumen bacteria and consequently the amount of gas produced in the rumen, the net result being that the antibiotic-fed animal eats more food and hence grows more quickly.

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

THE LIVE WEIGHT GROWTH OF BULLS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A. V. Dymchuk ◽  
O. I. Lyubynskyy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Born ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Weight Growth

The studies of the dynamics results of body weight, absolute and daily average, relative increases averaging bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Researches are conducted in the conditions of POSP «Napadivske» Kalyinivka district of the Vinnytsya area after materials of primary pedigree account. In an economy use the whole-year of the same type feeding. In the structure of ration 40% make the concentrated sterns and also high-quality silage and soilage. Average daily increases of bulls for period of age to realization for a slaughter made over 1000 grammes. The dynamics of growth of living mass, absolute, average daily and relative increases of bulls, is analysed Ukrainian black-and-white and Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. Living mass and weight gain researches of age to 12-monthly age with an interval in 3 months after the generally accepted methods. Materials of researches are worked out the methods of mathematical statistics with the use of programmatic package of Statistica 8.0. Living mass of bulls of the second group at birth made 36,3 kg, that anymore on 0,8 kg by comparison to new-born bulls of the first group. In all next periods living mass of animals of the second group was greater as compared to the animals of the same age of the first. In 3 months advantage made 1,7 kg, in 6 months – 4,6 kg (P>0,95), in 9 months – 8,8 kg (P>0,95), in 12 months – 12,5 kg (P>0,99). Difference of absolute increases of bulls of the second group above the bulls of the same age of the first of age to to 3-monthly age made 0,8 kg in behalf of animals of the second group. In a period 3-6 months a difference is after this index between the first and second groups made 2,9 kg in behalf of the last. In periods 6-9 and reliable advantage of animals of the second group is 9-12 months set above the bulls of the same age of the first on 4,1 kg (P>0,95) and 3,7 kg (P>0,95) accordingly. In a period of age to 18-monthly age absolute increases of bulls of the second group were greater by comparison to bulls first on 12,5 kg (R>0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of the second group of age to 3-monthly age made 763,0 grammes, that anymore on 8,9 grammes by comparison to bulls of the first group. In periods 3-6 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group prevailed the bulls of the same age of the first on 32,6 grammes. In a period 6-9 months the average daily increases of animals of the second group were made by 1045,9 grammes, that for certain anymore on 45,9 grammes (P>0,95) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first. Maximal increases of bulls were in a period 9-12 months and made 1210,4 grammes in the animals of the second group and 1168,9 grammes – for the bulls of the same age of the first, that for certain anymore on 41,5 grammes (P>0,95). In a period of age to 12-monthly age the average daily increases of bulls of the second group were made by 970,6 grammes, that was for certain anymore on 31,8 grammes (R>0,99) by comparison to the bulls of the same age of the first group. Relative increases of bulls of both groups were high. From birth to 3-monthly age greater increases had bulls of the first group – 97,8%, and in periods 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months greater were increases of bulls of the same age of the second group – 56,4; 40,1 and 32,4% accordingly. For all probed periods of reliable advantage it is not discovered between the compared groups. It is set researches, that at the identical terms of feeding and maintenance more rapid bulls grow Ukrainian red-and-white dairy cattle. In all age-old periods they prevailed the bulls of the same age of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle, in a that number, beginning from 9-monthly age, advantage was reliable (P>0,95–0,99). Average daily increases of bulls of two breeds were the least in a period of age to to 3-monthly age – 754,1-763,0 grammes, and most in a period 9-12 months – 1168,9–1210,4 grammes.

scholarly journals Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Freret ◽  
B Grimard ◽  
A A Ponter ◽  
C Joly ◽  
C Ponsart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of our study was to test whether a reduction in dietary intake could improve in vitro embryo production in superovulated overfed dairy heifers. Cumulus–oocyte complexes of 16 Prim’ Holstein heifers (14 ± 1 months old) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU), every 2 weeks following superovulation treatment with 250 μg FSH, before being matured and fertilized in vitro. Embryos were cultured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium for 7 days. Heifers were fed with hay, soybean meal, barley, minerals and vitamins. From OPU 1 to 4 (period 1), all heifers received individually for 8 weeks a diet formulated for a 1000 g/day live-weight gain. From OPU 5 to 8 (period 2), the heifers were allocated to one of two diets (1000 or 600 g/day) for 8 weeks. Heifers’ growth rates were monitored and plasma concentrations of metabolites, metabolic and reproductive hormones were measured each week. Mean live-weight gain observed during period 1 was 950 ± 80 g/day (n = 16). In period 2 it was 730 ± 70 (n = 8) and 1300 ± 70 g/day (n = 8) for restricted and overfed groups respectively. When comparing period 1 and period 2 within groups, significant differences were found. In the restricted group, a higher blastocyst rate, greater proportions of grade 1–3 and grade 1 embryos, associated with higher estradiol at OPU and lower glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, were observed in period 2 compared with period 1. Moreover, after 6 weeks of dietary restriction (OPU 7), numbers of day 7 total embryos, blastocysts and grade 1–3 embryos had significantly increased. On the contrary, in the overfed group, we observed more <8 mm follicles 2 days before superovulation treatment, higher insulin and IGF-I and lower nonesterified fatty acids in period 2 compared with period 1 (no significant difference between periods for embryo production). After 6 weeks of 1300 g/day live-weight gain (OPU 7), embryo production began to decrease. Whatever the group, oocyte collection did not differ between period 1 and 2. These data suggest that following a period of overfeeding, a short-term dietary intake restriction (6 weeks in our study) may improve blastocyst production and embryo quality when they are low. However, nutritional recommendations aiming to optimize both follicular growth and embryonic development may be different.

Growth and carcass characteristics of three lamb genotypes finished on the same level of feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. W. McClintont ◽  
A. F. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ash Content

AbstractThis study investigated the efficiency of growth and the carcass characteristics of 24 Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), 24 Texel (12 purebred and 12 Texel × Texel-Greyface) and 24 Rouge (12 purebred and 12 Rouge × Rouge-Greyface) lambs finished on the same level of feeding. The efficiency of live-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·01). The efficiency of empty body-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) compared with Texel lambs. The efficiency of carcass gains (kg/MJ) tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·07). The efficiency of non-carcass component gains (kg/MJ) was also higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P0·05). Carcass water, protein, lipid and ash gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes, however carcass energy gain tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·08). The relative proportions of water, protein, lipid and ash in carcass gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes. At the end of the experiment carcass water content was higher in Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and carcass ash content was lower in Texel compared with Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) lambs. The concentration of saturated fatty acids was higher in Greyface compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001) and higher in Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·05). Monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and higher in Texel compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001). Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge and Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·01). The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05).The efficiency of empty body gain was higher in male compared with female lambs (P< 0·05). Carcass water (P< 0·01) and protein (P< 0·05) gains were higher in male lambs. At the end of the experiment male carcasses contained a higher content of water (P< 0·05), protein (P< 0·01) and ash (P= 0·07), and a lower lipid (P< 0·05) and energy (P< 0·001) content. Carcass lipids from male lambs contained a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P< 0·001) and tended to contain a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = 0·06).

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