Religion and Support for Democracy: A Comparative Study for Catholic and Muslim Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Li Gu ◽  
Eduard J. Bomhoff
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Civil Values ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article presents a cross-country empirical analysis of the relationship between religion and political attitudes among the Catholic and Muslim publics, using the most recent data from the World Values Survey. We find that public support for democracy is stronger among the better educated in both the Catholic and Muslim countries. Contrary to the conventional belief that pious believers are less receptive to democracy, individual religiosity, measured by belief in God, is found to have a significant positive impact on desire for democracy in both types of society. Our findings further indicate that at the societal level, overt support for democracy is consistently positively correlated to the attachment of a set of more implicit tolerant civil values in Catholic-majority countries, while exactly the opposite is observed in Muslim-majority countries.

Inequality and Democratic Support in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Muhtadi ◽  
Eve Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Democratic Support ◽  
The Relationship

Indonesia is a country of significant inequalities, but we know little about how Indonesians feel about the gap between rich and poor. Comparative research suggests that negative perceptions of inequality can erode public support for democratic institutions. Using survey data, we explore the relationship between inequality and support for democracy in Indonesia. We find Indonesians are divided in their beliefs about income distribution. But this variation is not determined by actual levels of inequality around the country, nor by people's own economic situation; instead, political preferences and partisan biases are what matter most. Beliefs about inequality in Indonesia have become increasingly partisan over the course of the Jokowi presidency: supporters of the political opposition are far more likely to view the income gap as unfair, while supporters of the incumbent president tend to disagree—but they disagree much more when prompted by partisan cues. We also find that Indonesians who believe socio-economic inequality is unjust are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward democracy. We trace both trends back to populist campaigns and the increasingly polarized ideological competition that marked the country's recent elections. The shift toward more partisan politics in contemporary Indonesia has, we argue, consequences for how voters perceive inequality and how they feel about the democratic status quo.

Dynamics of the Cross-Country Growth/Volatility Relationship

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Growth Volatility ◽  
Gross Capital Flows ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This study evaluates structural changes over time in the cross-country relationship between growth and volatility. Using a GMM 2SLS method to control for endogenous variables, and a time-series based rolling window estimation procedure, this study adds to the current literature in two significant ways. The first is that to assume the cross-country growth/volatility correlation is constant over time, or differs across ad hoc predetermined intervals of time is inappropriate. Instead, the early to mid 1990's seems to be the primary area whereby there are significant changes in the relationship across countries. Specifically, volatility negatively impacted growth for developed nations around this time, while it positively impacted growth for developing nations--the latter happening a few years later than the former. The second finding is that the positive impact that trade had on the growth/volatility relationship for developing countries during this period is outweighed by the negative impact of gross capital flows. Among developed nations, globalization reduces a negative effect that gross capital flows has on the relationship. For policy and constituency appeasement purposes the former is an argument for caution when entering into the global economy, and the latter an argument to embrace it.

The lack of short-term impact of cohesion policy on the competitiveness of SMEs

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Čadil ◽  
Karel Mirošník ◽  
Ján Rehák
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personnel Expenditure

The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized companies and the public support offered to them in the form of direct subsidies allocated through European structural funds. Using micro-data gathered by the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovations for Competitiveness (OPEIC) of European structural funds from 2007–2013, this analysis focuses on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic. We employed a counterfactual approach based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM), Nearest Neighbour Estimator and Difference in Difference design with two groups of companies: applicants receiving support and a control group. When using value added and value added per labour cost as the competitiveness indicators for SMEs, we found that Cohesion Policy (CP) support had no statistically significant impact on these indicators. On the other hand, we a found positive impact on personnel expenditure. These results highlight a number of doubts regarding the effectiveness of SME cohesion funding, given that a rise in personnel expenditure, which is not supported by an appropriate increase in added value, is unlikely to be sustainable.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Public Support for R & D on the Economic Performance of SMEs

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Blažková
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Set Up ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article is focused on evaluation of impacts of the project support for research, development and innovations on the economic performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The set of analysed enterprises was composed of 182 SMEs operating in the Region of South Moravia in the Czech Republic, which were active in R & D in 2012 and 2013. There were evaluated public sources of funding for innovation activities and selected financial ratios of economic performance. The hypotheses about the relationship between the amount of public support and profitability of enterprises were set up and statistically tested. The analysis proved sufficient level of profitability and liquidity of the SMEs involved in research, the worst economic performance of the smallest enterprises and the direct positive relationship between the amount of public support and the profitability in two size groups of enterprises, which refers to the positive impact of the public support on the economic performance of SMEs.

scholarly journals A Medico-legal Perspective on the Termination of Pregnancies Resulting from Wartime-Rape

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-385
Author(s):  
Fazli Dayan ◽  
Mian Muhammad Sheraz ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Mahmood ◽  
Abu Kholdun Al Mahmood ◽  
Sharmin Islam
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Cross Country

The study is designed to investigate the issue of abortion for rape-victims to draw the attentions of Islamic clerics in order to appraise consciousness and outlook of legal edicts within constrain of Islamic bio-medical and bio-ethical norms. For this purpose, a number of Islamic treatises are systematically examined, and a cross-cultural along with a cross-country assessment of 47 countries abortion laws particularly ‘Muslim-majority’ (OIC member) countries are conducted to assess the momentous impacts on rape-victims. Additionally, contemporary data i.e. legal edicts and various reported rape/adultery cases in different Islamic countries are analyzed with special reference to the circumstances in which the verdicts are issued. The study asserts that mostly the classical and contemporary literature silent on the cited issue except few of the legal edicts. Although, Islamic lit and scripts including bio-medical and bio-ethical has discussed it in general way. As a result, the rape victims appeared that they may be allowed termination of unwanted fetus due to coerced sexual relation. But, whether in preview of, some of the legal edicts which causes intricacy, the state laws, rules and more particularly the religious and cultural aspects may allow this kind of deliberation? A predominantly conventional approach was found, since 18 out of 47 countries do not allow abortion except for necessity. Less than 50% of OIC members legally permit abortion on medical grounds. Nevertheless, there was a substantial diversity between Muslim countries. Albeit, a multidimensional viewpoint is very important due to the consequential psychiatric and social problems, since there is an immense need to provide real solutions to such cases that would not contradict Islamic bioethical principles. Therefore, termination of rape resulting pregnancies may be declared valid, provided with specific conditions and guidelines as per Shariah keeping in view bio-medical and bio-ethical norms. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.372-385

Citra Islam Moderat: Aksi Cyber PR dari PWNU Jawa Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-232
Author(s):  
Sam Abede Pareno ◽  
M Rif’an Arif
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Religious traditions in Indonesia are known to be very moderate and tolerant abroad is a reflection of the character of a great noble nation. Between religion, tradition and culture are able to perform compounds so as to create a genuine religious harmony. Because of this reality Indonesia is regarded as the largest Muslim majority country in the world that almost without conflict, in the midst of reality Muslim countries in the Middle East that impressed the dispute into the daily menu. However, the reality of Indonesia as a moderate nation is injured by the act of a group that is fond of terrorism and radicalism by riding Islamic religious teachings. Thus, this reversed religion is assumed as a source of cruelty.   It is through that phenomenon researcher, feel the need to examine the strategy of disseminating moderate Islam by Nahdlatul Ulama. The selection of this Islamic organization according to the authors due to its success in moderating Islam in Indonesia. In this study, the study using a qualitative approach or method as well as adopting the theory of Van Dijk discourse analysis as a scalpel to peel the discourse of moderate Islam published by PWNU East Java through the website. As for this research, the findings are important, among others are: 1) moderate Islamic discourse campaigned by Nahdlatul Ulama East Java is categorized into three segments, namely social, religious and nationality. 2) the text structure that builds moderate Islamic discourse NU East Java in Van Dijk perspective constructed in three domains, namely text, social cognition and social context. 3) the principles of Public Relationship implemented by NU through cyber (online media), among others; News publications and expert opinions, production of image and video-based information, and updating official NU information to the public about their attitudes and views on the phenomena that occur by promoting the values of Islamic moderatism. Key Word : Islamic Moderatism, Nahdlatul Ulama, Cyber Public Relationship

Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
I. V. Prilepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Currency Exposure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandates. Significant positive impact of net external currency exposure on exchange rate flexibility and financial account liberalization is only found in the context of static models. This is probably due to the two-way links between incentives for external assets/liabilities accumulation and these macroeconomic policy tools.

Factors that Contribute to Awareness of Halal Logistics among Muslims in the Klang Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Emi Normalina Omar ◽  
Ahmad Adeel Ramli ◽  
Harlina Suzana Jaafar ◽  
Lailatul Faizah Abu Hassan ◽  
Abdul Kadir Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Service Component ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Terminal Operations

The demand for Halal products is increasing tremendously not only from Muslim countries but also non-Muslim countries. The component of Halal industry can be classified into three areas, namely services, food and non-food. Halal logistics is categorized into the service component. Halal logistics covers warehousing, transportation and terminal operations. There are three principles of Halal logistics; avoiding direct contact with haram, addressing the risk of contamination, and perception of the Muslim consumer. For non-Muslim countries, the first two principles apply.Malaysia is regarded as a Muslim majority country; therefore, there is a need to explore the level of awareness on Halal logistics. This research paper aims to explore the level of awareness of the Muslim in the Klang Valley, Selangor. Data were collected through convenient sampling from 250 respondents and analyzed by using SPSS.The findings indicate that religious belief is a significant predictor of Halal logistics awareness among Muslims

Financial Intermediation and Growth: Theory and Some Cross-Country Evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 855-862
Author(s):  
Tayyeb Shabir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Financial Liberalisation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Well-functioning financial markets can have a positive effect on economic growth by facilitating savings and more efficient allocation of capital. This paper characterises some of the recent theoretical developments that analyse the relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth and presents empirical estimates based on a model of the linkage between financially intermediated investment and growth for two separate groups of countries, developing and advanced. Empirical estimates for both groups suggest that financial intermediation through the efficiency of investment leads to a higher rate of growth per capita. The relevant coefficient estimates show a higher level of significance for the developing countries. This financial liberalisation in the form of deregulation and establishment and development of stock markets can be expected to lead to enhanced economic growth.

PERSOALAN KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER: MENGGAGAS KAJIAN SACHEDINA TENTANG THEOLOGI PLURALISME

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Differences

According to Abdulaziz Sachedina, the main argument of religious pluralism in the Qur’an based on the relationship between private belief (personal) and public projection of Islam in society. By regarding to private faith, the Qur’an being noninterventionist (for example, all forms of human authority should not be disturb the inner beliefs of individuals). While the public projection of faith, the Qur’an attitude based on the principle of coexistence. There is the willingness of the dominant race provide the freedom for people of other faiths with their own rules. Rules could shape how to run their affairs and to live side by side with the Muslims. Thus, based on the principle that the people of Indonesia are Muslim majority, it should be a mirror of a societie’s recognizion, respects and execution of religious pluralism. Abdul Aziz Sachedina called for Muslims to rediscover the moral concerns of public Islam in peace. The call for peace seemed to indicate that the existence of increasingly weakened in the religious sense of the Muslims and hence need to be reaffi rmed. Sachedina also like to emphasize that the position of peace in Islam is parallel with a variety of other doctrines, such as: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and so on. Sachedina also tried to show the argument that the common view among religious groups is only one religion and traditions of other false and worthless. “Antipluralist” argument comes amid the reality of human religious differences. Keywords: Theology, Pluralism, Abdulaziz Sachedina

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