The effect of high multivitamin diet during pregnancy on food intake and glucose metabolism in Wistar rat offspring fed low-vitamin diets post weaning

Rat offspring born to dams fed a high multivitamin diet (HV) are shown to have increased risks of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that a low-vitamin postweaning diet would enhance these characteristics in offspring born to HV dams. During pregnancy, Wistar rats were fed the AIN-93G diet with or without a 10-fold increase in vitamin content. In Experiment 1, at weaning, males were fed the recommended diet (RV) or a diet with 1/3 the vitamin content (1/3 RV) for 12 weeks. In Experiment 2, males and females were fed the RV diet or 1/6 RV diet for 35 weeks. Body weight was measured on a weekly basis, food intake on a daily basis, and for 1 h after an overnight fast following glucose gavage at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Blood glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose load were measured at 30 weeks. Males from HV dams, compared with those from RV dams, gained more weight in Experiment 1 (+7%,P< 0.05) and Experiment 2 (+11%,P< 0.0001), along with higher glucose response (+33%,P< 0.05). The 1/6 RV pup diet led to lower weight gain in males (−16%,P< 0.0001) and females (−13%,P< 0.0005), and lower food intake in males (−9%,P< 0.01) independent of the gestational diet. Females on the 1/6 RV diet and from HV dams had higher 1 h food intake (+36%,P< 0.05) and lower insulin response (−25%,P< 0.05) compared with those from RV dams. Exposure of the offspring to low-vitamin diets did not amplify the expression of the metabolic syndrome observed in those born to dams fed an HV diet.

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High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1438

Author(s):

Rola Hammoud ◽

Emanuela Pannia ◽

Ruslan Kubant ◽

Adam Metherel ◽

Rebecca Simonian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Later Life ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Maternal choline intakes are below recommendations, potentially impairing the child’s later-life metabolic health. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between the choline content of the gestational diet (GD) and fat content of the post-weaning diet (PWD) on metabolic phenotype of male Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent diet (AIN-93G) with either recommended choline (RC, 1 g/kg diet choline bitartrate) or high choline (HC, 2.5-fold). Male pups were weaned to either a normal (16%) fat (NF) or a high (45%) fat (HF) diet for 17 weeks. Body weight, visceral adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure, plasma hormones, triglycerides, and hepatic fatty acids were measured. HC-HF offspring had 7% lower body weight but not food intake, and lower adiposity, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance compared to RC-HF. They also had increased hepatic n-3 fatty acids and a reduced n-6/n-3 and C 18:1 n-9/C18:0 ratios. In contrast, HC-NF offspring had 6–8% higher cumulative food intake and body weight, as well as increased leptin and elevated hepatic C16:1 n-7/C16:0 ratio compared to RC-NF. Therefore, gestational choline supplementation associated with improved long-term regulation of several biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rat offspring fed a HF, but not a NF, PWD.

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Associations between Liver Enzyme Levels and Parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000479868 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (3-4) ◽

pp. 265-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christiane S. Hampe ◽

Michele L. Shaffer ◽

Christian L. Roth

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Elevated Liver Enzyme ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Obese Children ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes

Background: Obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and therefore risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is an increasing problem in youth. The potential role of elevated liver enzyme levels in this context needs to be further investigated. Methods: This paper provides a post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study of 77 obese nondiabetic children (51% female; median age 11.7 years; BMI >97th percentile) enrolled at the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, glycemic control, and liver enzyme levels were evaluated. Glucose and insulin levels were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Gender- and age-specific cutoff values were used to assess MetS. Results: A high prevalence of hypertension (51%), dyslipidemia (52%), elevated liver enzyme levels (51%), and hyperglycemia (24%) was found. There was considerable overlap between the presence of different MetS risk factors in individuals, and 40% of the participants had ≥3 of a maximum of 5 MetS risk factors. Elevated liver enzyme levels were significantly associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, as the OGTT-insulin response was significantly higher in participants with elevated transaminases (p = 0.01). This association was independent of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We conclude that liver enzyme levels are related to insulin sensitivity in obese children and could therefore be an indirect indicator for MetS. Testing for disturbed glucose metabolism should be considered for obese children with elevated liver enzymes.

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High multivitamin intake by Wistar rats during pregnancy results in increased food intake and components of the metabolic syndrome in male offspring

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.90354.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (2) ◽

pp. R575-R582 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ignatius M. Y. Szeto ◽

Alfred Aziz ◽

Paul J. Das ◽

Ameer Y. Taha ◽

Nobuhiko Okubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Food Intake ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The effect of high multivitamin intake during pregnancy on the metabolic phenotype of rat offspring was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats ( n = 10 per group) were fed the AIN-93G diet with the recommended vitamin (RV) content or a 10-fold increase [high vitamin (HV) content]. In experiment 1, male and female offspring were followed for 12 wk after weaning; in experiment 2, only males were followed for 28 wk. Body weight (BW) was measured weekly. Every 4 wk, after an overnight fast, food intake over 1 h was measured 30 min after a gavage of glucose or water. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed every 3–5 wk. Postweaning fasting glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and systolic blood pressure were measured. No difference in BW at birth or litter size was observed. Food intake was greater in males born to HV dams ( P < 0.05), and at 28 wk after weaning, BW was 8% higher ( P < 0.05) and fat pad mass was 27% higher ( P < 0.05). Food intake reduction after the glucose preload was nearly twofold less in males born to HV dams at 12 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). Fasting glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were 11%, 62%, and 41% higher in males from HV dams at 14 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). Blood glucose response was 46% higher at 23 wk after weaning ( P < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure was 16% higher at 28 wk after weaning ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, high multivitamin intake during pregnancy programmed the male offspring for the development of the components of metabolic syndrome in adulthood, possibly by its effects on central mechanisms of food intake control.

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Constituents of Talisia nervosa with Potential Utility against Metabolic Syndrome

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1901400114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1901400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yelkaira Vásquez ◽

Jianping Zhao ◽

Shabana I. Khan ◽

Mahabir P. Gupta ◽

Ikhlas A. Khan

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Fold Increase ◽

No Production ◽

Methyl Gallate ◽

Potent Effect ◽

Cellular Assays ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation

This study is focused on the isolation and characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from the ethanolic extract of stems of the Panamanian plant Talisia nervosa Radlk, through a series of target-based cellular assays related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS): a combination of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, and obesity. Bioassay guided fractionation allowed the isolation of four known compounds: (-)-catechin (1), methyl gallate (2), ethyl gallate (3), and ß-D-glucopyranose,1,4,6-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) (4). This is the first report of (-)-catechin (1) and ß-D-glucopyranose,1,4,6-tris (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) (4) from T. nervosa. Among the isolates, 1 activated PPARγ, but had no effect on PPARα. Compounds 2 -4 activated PPARα, PPARγ and LXR. Interestingly, 2 was stronger than 3 towards all three targets. Methyl gallate (2) showed the most potent effect toward both PPARα and PPARγ with an increase of 3.0 and 13-fold, respectively, while 4 was most potent in activating LXR with a fold induction of 5.3 at concentrations of 100 μg/mL. The nitric oxide (NO) production was reduced by compounds 2 and 3 with IC50 values of 7.0 and 7.5 μg/mL, respectively. ß-D-glucopyranose,1,4,6-tris (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) 4) did not cause a significant increase in adipogenesis despite its strong PPARγ agonistic action (8 6-fold increase) and may represent a good candidate for the treatment of MetS without the undesirable side effect of weight gain.

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Parameters of Glucose Homeostasis in the Recognition of the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5635

Author(s):

Graziano Grugni ◽

Antonio Fanolla ◽

Fiorenzo Lupi ◽

Silvia Longhi ◽

Antonella Saezza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Insulinogenic Index ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diagnostic Threshold ◽

Age Related

To verify the accuracy of different indices of glucose homeostasis in recognizing the metabolic syndrome in a group of adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), 102 PWS patients (53 females/49 males), age ±SD 26.9 ± 7.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35.7 ± 10.7, were studied. The following indices were assessed in each subject during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 1 h (>155 mg/dL) and 2 h (140–199 mg/dL) glucose levels, the oral disposition index (ODI), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated at baseline, 1 h and 2 h. Although minor differences among indices were found, according to the ROC analysis, no index performed better in recognizing MetS. Furthermore, the diagnostic threshold levels changed over the years and therefore the age-related thresholds were calculated. The easily calculated HOMA-IR at baseline may be used to accurately diagnose MetS, thus avoiding more complicated procedures.

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Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0870 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 647-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Nihal Thomas ◽

Louise G Grunnet ◽

Pernille Poulsen ◽

Solomon Christopher ◽

Rachaproleu Spurgeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Indian Population ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Normal Birth ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectiveLow birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.Subjects and methodsOne hundred and seventeen non-migrant, young healthy men were recruited from a birth cohort in a rural part of south India. The subjects comprised 61 LBW and 56 normal birth weight (NBW) men, with NBW men acting as controls. Subjects underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The parents' anthropometric status and metabolic parameters were assessed.ResultsMen with LBW were shorter (167±6.4 vs 172±6.0 cm,P<0.0001), lighter (51.9±9 vs 55.4±7 kg,P=0.02) and had a reduced lean body mass (42.1±5.4 vs 45.0±4.5 kg,P=0.002) compared with NBW controls. After adjustment for height and weight, the LBW subjects had increased diastolic blood pressure (77±6 vs 75±6 mmHg,P=0.01). Five LBW subjects had impaired glucose tolerance.In vivoinsulin secretion and peripheral insulin action were similar in both the groups. Mothers of the LBW subjects were 3 cm shorter than the control mothers.ConclusionOnly subtle features of the metabolic syndrome and changes in body composition among LBW rural Indians were found. Whether other factors such as urbanisation and ageing may unmask more severe metabolic abnormalities may require a long-term follow-up.

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Exercise intensity and glucose tolerance in trained and nontrained subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.39 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. C. Young ◽

J. Enslin ◽

B. Kuca

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Training Session ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

Single Bout ◽

Male Subjects

The improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity associated with regular exercise appear to be the result, in large part, of the residual effects of the last bout of exercise. To determine the effects of exercise intensity on this response, glucose tolerance and the insulin response to a glucose load were determined in seven well-trained male subjects [maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) = 58 ml.kg-1.min-1] and in seven nontrained male subjects (VO2max = 49 ml.kg-1.min-1) in the morning after an overnight fast 1) 40 h after the last training session (control), 2) 14 h after 40 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 40% VO2max, and 3) 14 h after 40 min of exercise at 80% VO2max. Subjects replicated their diets for 3 days before each test and ate a standard meal the evening before the oral glucose tolerance test. No differences in the 3-h insulin or glucose response were observed between the control trial and before exercise at either 40 or 80% VO2max in the trained subjects. In the nontrained subjects the plasma insulin response was decreased by 40% after a single bout of exercise at either 40 or 80% VO2max (7.0 X 10(3) vs. 5.0 X 10(3), P less than 0.05; 3.8 X 10(3) microU.ml-1.180 min-1, P less than 0.01). The insulin response after a single bout of exercise in the nontrained subjects was comparable with the insulin responses found in the trained subjects for the control and exercise trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 864-876

Author(s):

Anne K Eriksen ◽

Carl Brunius ◽

Mohsen Mazidi ◽

Per M Hellström ◽

Ulf Risérus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Whole Grain ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background A whole-grain (WG)–rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. Objectives The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. Methods Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4–8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. Results The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (−0.06 and −0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Conclusions WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.

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Gestational folic acid content alters the development and function of hypothalamic food intake regulating neurons in Wistar rat offspring post-weaning

Nutritional Neuroscience ◽

10.1080/1028415x.2018.1479628 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 149-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Neil Victor Yang ◽

Emanuela Pannia ◽

Diptendu Chatterjee ◽

Ruslan Kubant ◽

Mandy Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Acid Content ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

And Function

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Serum Angiopoietin-like Protein 6, Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and Response to Hyperglycemia: A Prospective Cohort Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. e1949-e1957 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kang-Chih Fan ◽

Hung-Tsung Wu ◽

Jung-Nan Wei ◽

Lee-Ming Chuang ◽

Chih-Yao Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

High Serum ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Human Participants

Abstract Context Angiopoietin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6) is a hepatokine that improves insulin sensitivity in animals. However, serum ANGPTL6 concentration was found to be higher in human participants with diabetes or metabolic syndrome in cross-sectional studies, implying that ANGPTL6 may be induced to counteract hyperglycemia. Objective To investigate whether serum ANGPTL6 can predict incident diabetes and explore whether glucose or insulin can regulate ANGPTL6 expression and secretion. Design This cohort study included adults without diabetes at baseline who were followed every 2 years for incident diabetes. Serum ANGPTL6 concentrations were measured at baseline and during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). A hepatic cell line, HepG2, and diet-induced obesity mouse model were used to evaluate the response of ANGPTL6 expression and secretion to hyperglycemia and the metabolic syndrome. Results We recruited 1103 participants without diabetes at baseline. During the 4.22-year follow-up, 113 (10.2%) participants developed incident diabetes. Serum ANGPTL6 was negatively associated with the incidence of diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; P = 0.042). However, serum ANGPTL6 level was higher in participants with prediabetes (P = 0.018) and was elevated during OGTT. In HepG2 cells, treatment with glucose, but not insulin, induced ANGPTL6 expression. Hepatic ANGPTL6 expression and serum ANGPTL6 concentrations were significantly higher in mice fed with a high-fat diet than in those fed with a standard chow (both P < 0.05). Conclusion A high serum ANGPTL6 level is associated with a low incidence of diabetes in humans. ANGPTL6 is expressed and secreted in response to hyperglycemia to maintain glucose homeostasis.

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