Effects of bisphenol A treatment during pregnancy on kidney development in mice: a stereological and histopathological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nuñez ◽  
T. Fernandez ◽  
M. García-Arévalo ◽  
P. Alonso-Magdalena ◽  
A. Nadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical found in plastics that resembles oestrogen in organisms. Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as BPA, increases the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. Animal studies have reported a nephron deficit in offspring exposed to maternal diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prenatal BPA exposure effects on nephrogenesis in a mouse model that was predisposed to T2DM. This study quantitatively evaluated the renal structural changes using stereology and histomorphometry methods. The OF1 pregnant mice were treated with a vehicle or BPA (10 or 100 μg/kg/day) during days 9–16 of gestation (early nephrogenesis). The 30-day-old offspring were sacrificed, and tissue samples were collected and prepared for histopathological and stereology studies. Glomerular abnormalities and reduced glomerular formation were observed in the BPA offspring. The kidneys of the BPA10 and BPA100 female offspring had a significantly lower glomerular number and density than those of the CONTROL female offspring. The glomerular histomorphometry revealed a significant difference between the female and male CONTROL offspring for the analysed glomerular parameters that disappeared in the BPA10 and BPA100 offspring. In addition, the kidney histopathological examination showed typical male cuboidal epithelial cells of the Bowman capsule in the female BPA offspring. Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA during embryonic development altered nephrogenesis. These structural changes could be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases later in life.

scholarly journals CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A PRODUCES MORPHOLOGICAL DERANGEMENTS IN LIVER, KIDNEY AND HEART IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra K. Pant ◽  
Jayanti Pant ◽  
Shripad B. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Portal Triad ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic compound is used in the manufacturing of plastics and also as coating for the inner linings of food packaging containers. It is reported to be an endocrine disruptor and produce toxicity in various organs. Since BPA exposure mainly occurs in the form of oral ingestion in humans, the present study was performed to examine the effects produced by the chronic exposure to BPA orally on kidney, liver and heart in rats. Material & Methods: Adult female rats of Charles Foster strain were used for the study. The rats were divided into two groups (n=6 in each group). In group 1, the rats were provided with food and water ad libitum whereas the rats of group 2 were fed with BPA containing pellets (2 µg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. Thereafter the heart, kidneys and liver were excised and processed for histopathological study. Results: The histopathological examination of the organs in BPA fed rats showed major structural changes which manifested as loss of normal cytoarchitecture in all the three organs. Further there was significant reduction in the number of glomeruli in kidneys, degenerative changes in liver in the form of damage to portal triad and in heart the intercalated discs were damaged. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to BPA by oral route produces renal toxicity as loss of glomeruli; hepatotoxicity as cytoarchitecture loss and cardiotoxicity as damage of intercalated disc changes.

How safe is the use of prosthetic materials in the repair of abdominal-wall defects in malnourished subjects?

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Karahan ◽  
Hakan Kulacoglu ◽  
Duray Seker ◽  
Zafer Ergul ◽  
Aysel Kiziltay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defect ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histopathological Studies

AbstractIncisional hernias and abdominal-wall defects consume large amounts of healthcare resources. Use of mesh is effective in treatment of these disorders and can decrease the rate of recurrence. This experimental study focused on the safety of mesh use in the setting of malnutrition, a condition that impairs wound healing. Rats were divided into two groups: normally fed and food-restricted. An abdominal-wall defect, 2 by 2 cm, was covered with polypropylene mesh, 2.5 by 2.5 cm. After sacrifice of the rats at the 21st and 60th days, tissue samples were sent for tensiometric and histopathological studies. No significant difference in infectious complications was observed between the two groups. Tensiometry revealed no significant differences between the groups. On histopathological examination, the only difference noted was in the vascularization scores of normally fed rats. For malnourished subjects that survived after surgery, the use of polypropylene mesh appeared safe in the closure of abdominal-wall defects, with no increase in infection rate and satisfactory wound healing.

scholarly journals Cathaemasia hians infection in Black stork in Slovakia: morphological and histopathological study

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Königová ◽  
G. Hrčková ◽  
L. Molnár ◽  
P. Major ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Black Stork

SummaryCathaemasia hians is an obligate trematode parasite of Black storks that are on the List of protected birds in Europe. In the present study, adult trematodes were isolated from the Black stork post mortem and morphological study revealed C. hians species. In total, 10 worms were found in the oesophagus and the ventriculus of the bird. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples of oesophagus, proventriculus and ventriculus was performed on paraffin sections using a set of staining procedures. The sporadic lesions were seen in the tela submucosa of oesophagus containing connective tissue mast cells, eosinophils and heterophils and some foci were surrounded by the fibrous tissue. In addition, a few inflammatory nodules had larval-like material inside, probably being of the same species. There were no visible morphological alterations in the epithelial layer of lamina propria mucosae of proventriculus, rich in goblet cells as well as in the tela submucosa. Majority of trematodes were localized in the ventriculus, where the lamina propria mucosae was damaged or disrupted sporadically. In these sites, in the tela submucosa, a various food-originated inorganic/organic material and eggs of C. hians were deposited, stimulating a weak inflammatory response. Nodules containing larvae were not observed in any of ventriculus tissue layers. This study demonstrated, for the first time, infection with adults of C. hians trematode in the Black stork nesting in Slovakia. The presence of larvae and eggs in the tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract of bird was associated with mild inflammatory response but feeding behaviour of adult worms in the ventriculus probably contributed to the enhanced susceptibility of the lamina propria mucosae to mechanical damage by inorganic material. Although larval stages have not yet been documented in the intermediate hosts in Slovakia, our report indicates that the life cycle of C. hians might occur in Central Europe.

scholarly journals First Report of Joyeuxiella spp. Infection in Eurasian Lynx and Its Histopathology Study from Iran: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad HOSSEINI ◽  
Amir Hossein MOSHREFI ◽  
Aryan ESFANDIYAR ◽  
Mohammad Reza YOUSSEFI ◽  
Alireza NASSIRI
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
First Report

According to the last information of IUCN Red List, Eurasian lynx has been endangered since 2010. The population of this animal is heavily affected by infectious parasites. Two adult Eurasian lynx (one male and one female) were illegally hunted and found dead in Parvar National Park, Semnan Province, Iran. After the autopsy, the tissue and parasite samples were collected from gastrointestinal tract and transferred to 70% alcohol. Samples were recovered and identified as Joyeuxiella spp. Sonsino, 1889. Tissue samples were taken from the place of sticking of parasites on the intestinal wall, for histopathological examination, and were transferred to 10% buffered formalin. Following routine processes and H&E staining, the slides were examined microscopically. Main histopathological observations were epithelial hyperplasia and destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration in mucosa and submucosa of jejunum. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first report and histopathological study of Joyeuxiella spp. in the world in Eurasian lynx.

scholarly journals Prostatic lesions: Histopathological study in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
S. Bhatta ◽  
S. Hirachan
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean

Background: Prostatic lesions like Nodular hyperplasia of prostate, inflammation and carcinoma are common causes of morbidity and mortality in males. The incidence of these lesions increases with age. This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating histopathological pattern of prostatic lesions.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at KIST Medical College from Jan 2014 to Jan 2018. The study included ninety six prostatic specimens received in department of pathology. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were retrieved and reviewed. The specimens and slides were analyzed according to type of specimen, age of patient, histopathological pattern and final diagnosis. Results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 21) for Windows. Independent t test was used to correlate the mean age between patients with benign and malignant lesions. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The most common benign lesion was nodular hyperplasia of prostate 86(89.58%). Malignant lesions comprised 8 (8.34%) cases of all prostatic lesions. All the cases of prostate carcinoma were adenocarcinoma. The most frequent Gleason score was 9. Mean age for benign and malignant lesions were 69.6 ± 8.1 years and 72.9 ± 5.2 years respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean age between patients with benign and malignant lesions (p value 0.27).Conclusion: Benign lesions of prostate are more common than malignant lesions. Histopathological examination of prostate specimens have important role in diagnosing various benign and malignant lesions, especially to rule out incidental carcinoma.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):12-19

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Programs Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Mice Offspring Through Adverse Effects on the Neuroendocrine Axis

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1535-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari Nicholas ◽  
Joseph Davis ◽  
Thomas Fisher ◽  
Thalia Segal ◽  
Marilena Petti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency affects more than 1 billion people worldwide with a higher prevalence in reproductive-aged women and children. The physiological effects of maternal VitD deficiency on the reproductive health of the offspring has not been studied. To determine whether maternal VitD deficiency affects reproductive physiology in female offspring, we monitored the reproductive physiology of C57BL/6J female offspring exposed to diet-induced maternal VitD deficiency at three specific developmental stages: 1) in utero, 2) preweaning, or 3) in utero and preweaning. We hypothesized that exposure to maternal VitD deficiency disrupts reproductive function in exposed female offspring. To test this hypothesis, we assessed vaginal opening and cytology and ovary and pituitary function as well as gonadotropin and gonadal steroid levels in female offspring. The in utero, preweaning, and in utero and preweaning VitD deficiency did not affect puberty. However, all female mice exposed to maternal VitD deficiency developed prolonged and irregular estrous cycles characterized by oligoovulation and extended periods of diestrus. Despite similar gonadal steroid levels and GnRH neuron density, females exposed to maternal VitD deficiency released less LH on the evening of proestrus. When compared with control female offspring, there was no significant difference in the ability of females exposed to maternal VitD deficiency to respond robustly to exogenous GnRH peptide or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. These findings suggest that maternal VitD deficiency programs reproductive dysfunction in adult female offspring through adverse effects on hypothalamic function.

Immunohistochemical Detection of p53 Protein Could Improve the Management of Some Patients With Barrett Esophagus and Mild Histologic Alterations

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giménez ◽  
L. M. de Haro ◽  
P. Parrilla ◽  
J. Bermejo ◽  
M. Pérez-Guillermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P53 Protein ◽  
Barrett Esophagus ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective.—To determine the usefulness of p53 immunostaining in identifying the subgroup of patients with Barrett esophagus who may be at increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Materials and Methods.—Tissue samples of 41 patients with Barrett esophagus and available sequential histologic data were processed for p53 immunostaining. Results from each patient were compared over time, and the results of a subset of patients were compared with each other. Results.—We observed a significant correlation between the percentage of samples with p53 expression and the severity of dysplasia. Moreover, in a subset of patients with mild dysplasia (cases classified as showing indefinite dysplasia), we observed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of p53-positive samples between the group that progressed to more severe dysplasia and the group that did not progress. Conclusion.—Our results suggest that this procedure, which is technically simple, economical, and quick, could play a role in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with Barrett esophagus.

scholarly journals Age-related structural changes in the myenteric nervous plexus ganglion along the anterior wall of the proximal human duodenum: A morphometric analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Predrag Mandic ◽  
Snezana Lestarevic ◽  
Tatjana Filipovic ◽  
Natasa Djukic-Macut ◽  
Milena Saranovic
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

Background/Aim. Aging is one of the most complex biological processes which probably affect structure and function of the enteric nerve system. However, there is not much available information on this topic, particularly in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on the structure of the myenteric ganglia in the anterior wall of the human proximal duodenum. Methods. We examined the myenteric ganglia in the proximal duodenal anterior wall specimens obtained from 30 cadaver persons aged from 20 to 84 years. Tissue samples were classified into three age groups: 20-44, 45-64 and 65-84 years. After standard histological preparation, specimens were stained with HE, Cresyl Violet and AgNO3. Morphometric analysis of all the specimens, using a multipurpose test system M42, was performed. The data were subjected to the ttest. Results. The myenteric ganglia of very old humans contains an empty space, i.e. the respective parts of ganglia show a decreased number of neuron as compared to younger population. The average number of neuron per cm2 of the duodenum in the youngest people (20-44 years) was 69,370 ? 1,750.00, in the people aged 45-64 years 69,211 ? 1,573.33, and in the oldest persons (65-84 years) 57,951 ? 1,291.52. The loss of neurons in the oldest persons was 16.46%. The applied statistic test demonstrated a significant difference between the observed groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. Aging does not induce changes in size and surface of neurons in the ganglia, but it decreases the number of neurons. The nerve structures in the elderly are partly emptied of bodies of nerve cells (?empty ganglions?), which indicates the existence of changed myenteric ganglia in the duodenum. These changes could be related to the duodenum motility disorder associated with aging.

scholarly journals Relative Sensitivity of Core-Needle Biopsy and Incisional Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Sarcomas

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Alexander Klein ◽  
Theresa Fell ◽  
Christof Birkenmaier ◽  
Julian Fromm ◽  
Volkmar Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Core Needle Biopsy ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Incisional Biopsy ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Core Needle ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: There is no evidence as to the diagnostic value of the two most frequently used methods of biopsies in sarcomas: Incisional or core needle biopsy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of the incisional and the core needle biopsy techniques in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Methods: We included 417 patients with a definitive diagnosis of bone or soft tissue sarcoma in whom a total of 472 biopsies had been performed. We correlated the results of the biopsies with the result of the definitive histopathological examination of the resected tumor. Dignity, entity, and grading (whenever possible) of the tissue samples were evaluated. Results: A total of 258 biopsies (55%) were performed in order to diagnose a soft tissue tumor and 351 biopsies (74.4%) were core needle biopsies. The number of repeat core needle biopsies, necessitated because of inconclusive histopathological results, was significantly higher (50 vs. 5; p = 0.003). We observed no significant difference regarding dignity, entity, and grading between the 2 different types of biopsies. Only with regards to the determination of dignity and entity of chondroid tumors, incisional biopsy was superior with statistical significance (p = 0.024). Conclusions: This study represents the largest study on biopsies for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Based only on our results, we are unable to favor one method of biopsy and found high accuracy with both methods. Considering the potential complications, the added oncological risks of incisional biopsies and the ready availability of core needle biopsies, the latter, in our assessment, represents a valid and favourable method for bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

Microbiological Species and Antibiotic Resistance in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Lower Extremity Wounds: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110539
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. dos Santos ◽  
Maria G. M. de Andrade Barberino ◽  
Carlos A. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Severe lower extremity wounds have an increased risk of complications and limb loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance of wounds in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at a public hospital including 111 patients with moderate to severe wound infections. Tissue samples were collected during a surgical procedure. One hundred and four patients (94%) had positive cultures and 88 (79%) had a Gram-negative microorganism. Among the 185 cultured microorganisms, 133 (72%) were Gram-negative species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 cases) was the most isolated Gram-negative species, and Enterococcus faecalis (26 cases) was the most prevalent Gram-positive species. Among 185 isolated species, 45 (24%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, 23 (12%) were carbapenem-resistant, and 5 (3%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance among patients with lower extremity wounds whether they were diabetic or nondiabetic.

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