Hysterectomy and incidence of depressive symptoms in midlife women: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health

Aims.There is limited longitudinal research that has looked at the longer term incidence of depressive symptoms, comparing women with a hysterectomy to women without a hysterectomy. We aimed to investigate the association between hysterectomy status and the 12-year incidence of depressive symptoms in a mid-aged cohort of Australian women, and whether these relationships were modified by use of exogenous hormones.Methods.We used generalised estimating equation models for binary outcome data to assess the associations of the incidence of depressive symptoms (measured by the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) across five surveys over a 12-year period, in women with a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation, or a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy compared with women without a hysterectomy. We further stratified women with hysterectomy by their current use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Women who reported prior treatment for depression were excluded from the analysis.Results.Compared with women without a hysterectomy (n = 4002), both women with a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation (n = 884) and women with a hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy (n = 450) had a higher risk of depressive symptoms (relative risk (RR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.36 and RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.22–1.68, respectively). There were differences in the strength of the risk for women with a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation, compared with those without, when we stratified by current MHT use. Compared with women without a hysterectomy who did not use MHT, women with a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation who were also MHT users had a higher risk of depressive symptoms (RR 1.57; 95% CI 1.31–1.88) than women with a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation but did not use MHT (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02–1.35). For women with a hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy, MHT use did not attenuate the risk. We could not rule out, however, that the higher risk seen among MHT users may be due to confounding by indication, i.e. MHT was prescribed to treat depressive symptoms, but their depressive symptoms persisted.Conclusions.Women with a hysterectomy (with and without bilateral oophorectomy) have a higher risk of new incidence of depressive symptoms in the longer term that was not explained by lifestyle or socio-economic factors.

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Trends of Perinatal Stress, Anxiety, and Depression and Their Prediction on Postpartum Depression

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9307

Author(s):

Ching-Yu Cheng ◽

Yu-Hua Chou ◽

Chia-Hao Chang ◽

Shwu-Ru Liou

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Postpartum Stress ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Perinatal stress, anxiety, and depression impacts not only women but also their child(ren). The purpose of this longitudinal study is to explore trends of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum and understand predictions of stress and anxiety on postpartum depression. One-hundred-fifty-six women at 23–28 weeks gestation (T1), 147 at 32–36 weeks gestation (T2), 129 at over 36 weeks gestation (T3), and 83 at postpartum (T4) completed study surveys. The Perceived Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to measure stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman’s correlation, and Generalized Estimating Equation were applied to analyze the data. Results showed that levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms increased from 24 weeks gestation to postpartum, whereas stress levels decreased during pregnancy but increased in postpartum. Over half of women experienced anxiety symptoms, especially during late pregnancy and postpartum. Stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were inter-correlated. Notably, women at late pregnancy and postpartum were prone to stress, anxiety, and depression. Prenatal anxiety could predict postpartum depressive symptoms. Active assessment and management of stress, anxiety, and depression is needed and should begin from early pregnancy and continue until postpartum.

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DASH and Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets Are Associated With Fewer Depressive Symptoms Over Time

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurel Cherian ◽

Yamin Wang ◽

Thomas Holland ◽

Puja Agarwal ◽

Neelum Aggarwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Late Onset ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Over Time ◽

Mind Diet

Abstract Background Depression is common in older adults and more prevalent in those with cognitive impairment, vascular risk factors, or stroke. Nonpharmacologic strategies to reduce depression, such as diet, may be effective; however, few studies have investigated the relation. Methods A total of 709 participants (23.3% men, mean age 80.4), from an observational prospective cohort study were assessed annually for an average of 6.53 years of follow-up. Participants with missing or invalid baseline dietary evaluations or fewer than two depression assessments were excluded. Depressive symptoms were assessed with a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. High burden of depressive symptoms was defined as the presence of four or more depressive symptoms. Diet scores were computed using a validated food frequency questionnaire for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, and Western diets. Diet scores were modeled in tertiles. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was performed for the longitudinal analysis of depression as a binary outcome. Results Participants in the highest tertile of the DASH (β = −0.10, confidence interval [CI]: −0.20, −0.0064) and MIND (β = −0.12, CI: −0.23, −0.0092) diet scores had lower rates of depressive symptoms over time when compared to those in the respective lowest tertiles. The Western diet was positively associated with depressive symptoms over time (β = 0.093, p-trend = .05). Conclusions Diet may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in older adults. A diet intervention trial may be needed to determine the optimal nutritional components for prevention of late onset depression.

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The Impact of Transitions in Caregiving Status on Depressive Symptoms among Older Family Caregivers: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Kyungduk Hurh ◽

Hin Moi Youn ◽

Yoon Sik Park ◽

Eun-Cheol Park ◽

Sung-In Jang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Equation Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

This study identifies the effects of transitions in caregiving status on depressive symptoms among middle-aged or older adults who care for family members with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). Data were collected from the 2006–2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. A total of 7817 subjects were included. On the basis of their caregiving status transition, participants were categorized into four groups: started caregiving, continued caregiving, stopped caregiving, and noncaregivers. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Analysis using a generalized estimating equation model and subgroup analyses were conducted. Compared to noncaregivers, women who started caregiving showed more depressive symptoms in the following year (β 0.761, p < 0.0001). Regardless of sex, older adults who continued caregiving had more depressive symptoms than noncaregivers did (β 0.616, p < 0.0277 in men, and β 1.091, p < 0.0001 in women). After relinquishing caregiving responsibilities to other caregivers, participants’ depressive symptoms in the following year showed no statistically significant difference from that of noncaregivers. Thus, starting or continuing caregiving was associated with increased depressive symptoms, and those symptoms could be normalized by stopping caregiving. Intervention strategies to reduce family caregivers’ depressive symptoms are needed.

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Association Between Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Hazardous Drinking: Findings From the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2013–2018)

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.809043 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Sung Hoon Jeong ◽

Doo Woong Lee ◽

Soo Hyun Kang ◽

Seung Hoon Kim ◽

Eun-Cheol Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Panel Study ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Equation Model ◽

Hazardous Drinking ◽

South Korean ◽

Longitudinal Association

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between changes in depressive symptoms and hazardous drinking among South Korean adults.Participants/Methods: This study was conducted using a sample drawn from participants enrolled in the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) from 2013 to 2018. Hazardous drinking was defined as a score of 11 points for men and seven points for women on the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using an 11-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the association between changes in depressive symptoms and hazardous drinking.Results: Of the 12,878 people registered with KoWePS and without follow-up losses from 2013 to 2018, a total of 2,341 were included in this study, excluding those under the age of 19 and those with missing data. Persistent depressive symptoms (men, odds ratio [OR]: 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–3.21; women, OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.66–4.22) and the changes from non-depressive symptoms to depressive symptoms (men, adjusted OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.80–2.64; women, OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27–2.29) increased the likelihood of hazardous drinking.Conclusions: Persistent depressive symptoms and changes from non-depressive to depressive symptoms are associated with increased prevalence of hazardous drinking. This suggests that an evaluation of the underlying mental illness or emotion should be made when counseling for abstaining from alcohol for chronic drinkers or the general public.

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Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Hirohito Tsuboi ◽

Yui Takakura ◽

Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽

Sakae Miyagi ◽

Keita Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Two Factors ◽

Study Population

To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.

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Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01660-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhao ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Ye Yang

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression symptoms and related modifiable factors in prostate cancer (PCa) are not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of perceived social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of PCa, and to evaluate the role of hope and resilience as mediators of that relationship. Method A cross-sectional study was analyzed in consecutive inpatients with PCa during the months of January 2018 and August 2019. A total of 667 patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinic variables, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Adult Hope Scale, and Resilience Scale (14 items). All registered patients were all volunteers and anonymous. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, hope and resilience were measured anonymously. Out of 667 patients, a total of 564 effective respondents (< 30% missing data) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to conduct the mediating effects of hope and resilience. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 65.9% in PCa patients. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support, hope, and resilience together accounted for 27.5% variance of depressive symptoms. Support from family, hope, and resilience significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. Hope (a*b = − 0.0783, BCa95% CI: − 0.134 to − 0.0319, p < 0.05), and resilience (a*b = − 0.1315, BCa95% CI: − 0.1894 to − 0.0783, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Conclusions The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among PCa patients should receive more attention. Perceived social support, hope and resilience could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms, and hope and resilience mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Enhancing social support, particularly the support form family, and improving patients’ outlook and resilience may be potential targets for future psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms.

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Association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial factors and perception of maternal self-efficacy in teenage mothers

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2017.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 201-208

Author(s):

Ma Asunción Lara ◽

◽

Pamela Patiño ◽

Laura Navarrete ◽

Zaira Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Post Partum ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction. Teenage pregnancy is a national health priority. Having to deal with pregnancy during adolescence can cause the mother, at an already vulnerable age, to doubt her maternal capacity to cope with a challenge of this magnitude. The teenage mother’s assessment of her maternal self-efficacy is associated with her performance, in other words, the way she relates and responds to the needs of her infant, which has major implications for the latter’s development. Objective. To study the association between personal (depressive symptoms, self-esteem) and environmental characteristics (social support, partner satisfaction) and those of the infant (problems with infant care, the infants’s temperament) and the perception of maternal self-efficacy (PME) in adolescent mothers. Method. Cross-sectional study. The following instruments were applied: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Post-partum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), and Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire to 120 mothers under 20 during the first six months postpartum. Bivariate lineal regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses were used for the data analysis. Results. When adjusting for other variables, symptoms of depression and difficult infant temperament were associated with lower PME. Social support was only associated with increased PME in the bivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion. These findings contribute to the limited literature on the subject and provide elements for designing strategies to improve adolescent mothers’ PME to encourage behaviors that are more relevant and sensitive to infants’ physical and emotional needs.

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Depressive Symptoms and Resilience among Pregnant Adolescents: A Case-Control Study

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2010/952493 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Danny Salazar-Pousada ◽

Dalton Arroyo ◽

Luis Hidalgo ◽

Faustino R. Pérez-López ◽

Peter Chedraui

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Case Control ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Control Approach ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Study Programs ◽

Adolescents And Adults

Background. Data regarding depression and resilience among adolescents is still lacking.Objective. To assess depressive symptoms and resilience among pregnant adolescents.Method. Depressive symptoms and resilience were assessed using two validated inventories, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD-10) and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS), respectively. A case-control approach was used to compare differences between adolescents and adults.Results. A total of 302 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, 151 assigned to each group. Overall, 56.6% of gravids presented total CESD-10 scores 10 or more indicating depressed mood. Despite this, total CESD-10 scores and depressed mood rate did not differ among studied groups. Adolescents did however display lower resilience reflected by lower total RS scores and a higher rate of scores below the calculated median (P<.05). Logistic regression analysis could not establish any risk factor for depressed mood among studied subjects; however, having an adolescent partner (OR, 2.0 CI 95% 1.06–4.0,P=.03) and a preterm delivery (OR, 3.0 CI 95% 1.43–6.55,P=.004) related to a higher risk for lower resilience.Conclusion. In light of the findings of the present study, programs oriented at giving adolescents support before, during, and after pregnancy should be encouraged.

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Abstract MP60: Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.mp60 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Parveen K Garg ◽

Wesley T O'Neal ◽

Ana V Diez Roux ◽

Alvaro Alonso ◽

Elsayed Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Fee For Service ◽

Score Distribution ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Depression has been suggested as a potential risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) through effects on the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Current literature examining the prospective relationship between depression and AF is inconsistent and limited to studies performed in predominantly white populations. We determined the relationship of both depressive symptoms and anti-depressant use with incident AF in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective study of 6,814 individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and use of anti-depressant medications. Five CES-D groups were created based on the score distribution in approximate quartiles, and the top quartile split in 2 such that the top group represented persons with a score ≥16, a value commonly used to identify clinically relevant symptoms. Incident AF was identified from study ECGs verified for AF, ICD-9 hospital discharge diagnoses consistent with AF, and, for participants enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare, inpatient and outpatient AF claims data. Results: 6,644 participants (mean age=62; 53% women; 38% white; 28% black; 22% Hispanic; 12% Chinese-American) were included and followed for a median of 13 years. In separate adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses, a CES-D≥16 (referent=CES-D<2) and anti-depressant use were each associated with higher incidence of AF (Table). Associations did not differ by race or gender (interaction p-values of 0.18 and 0.17 respectively). Similar results were obtained using time-updated measures of depression. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of incident AF. Further study into whether improving depressive symptoms reduces AF incidence is important.

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Are Perfectionistic Thoughts an Antecedent or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms? A Cross-Lagged Analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282919877764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Avi Besser ◽

Gordon L. Flett ◽

Simon B. Sherry ◽

Paul L. Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Cross Sectional

Perfectionistic automatic thoughts have been linked with depressive symptoms in numerous cross-sectional studies, but this link has not been assessed in longitudinal research. An investigation with two timepoints was conducted to test whether perfectionistic automatic thoughts, as assessed by the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI), are contributors to subsequent depression or vice versa. The possible role of a third factor (major life events stress) was also evaluated. A sample of 118 university students completed the PCI, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Life Experiences Survey on two occasions with a 5-month interval. A cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling showed that above and beyond within-time associations and across-time stability effects, perfectionism automatic thoughts contributed to subsequent depressive symptoms and not vice versa. Negative life events stress was correlated significantly with both depressive symptoms and perfectionism automatic thoughts but did not have an influence on Time 2 depressive symptoms or on perfectionistic automatic thoughts. Our discussion focuses on perfectionistic automatic thoughts as a contributor to depressive vulnerability according to the perfectionism cognition theory.

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