Altered Auditory Self-recognition in People with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaochao C. Pan ◽  
Aibao B. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Self-recognition is of great significance to our sense of self. To date, disturbances in the processing of visual self-recognition are well studied in people with schizophrenia, whereas relatively few studies have focused on the processing of self in other domains, such as auditory. An investigation of auditory self-recognition contributes to delineate changes related to self and the potential roots of the described psychopathological aspects connoting schizophrenia. By applying unimodal task and multisensory test, this study investigated auditory self-recognition in people with schizophrenia under unimodal and bimodal circumstances. Forty-six adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and thirty-two healthy controls were involved in this study. Results suggested that people with schizophrenia seemed to have significantly lower perceptual sensitivity in detecting self-voice, and also showed stricter judgment criteria in self-voice decision. Furthermore, in the presentation of stimuli that combined the stimulation of others’ faces with one’s own voice, people with schizophrenia mistakenly attributed the voices of others as their own. In conclusion, altered auditory self-recognition in people with schizophrenia was found.

scholarly journals Circulating CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells paralleled with level of viremia in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Viremia Level ◽  
B Virus

Introduction: Liver regeneration is a heterogeneous process involving proliferation of different cell types in response to injury. Bone marrow derived stem cells may be involved in this process, by making contribution to parenchymal restoration and cellular replacement. We aimed to investigate the correlation between level of circulating mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) and viremia level in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected for assessing percentage and absolute counts of circulating CD34+ HSPCs and viral load level using flow cytometry and RT-PCR respectively. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 30), Entecavir (ETV) treated subjects (n = 30) and 20 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results and discussion: A significant increase in circulating CD34+ HSPCs level was observed in CHB patients (5 ± 3.1, 324 ± 195 × 103/ml) as compared to ETV treated subjects (0.57 ± 0.27,1022 ± 325) and healthy controls (0.53 ± 0.37, 694 ± 254, P < 0.001) in regards to percentage and absolute counts respectively. Levels of CD34+ HSPCs strongly and positively correlated with HBV DNA viral load levels in CHB patients (r2 = 0.8417, 0.649, P < 0.001).Thus, in chronic liver disorders (CHB), when reduced regenerative capacity of hepatocytes is reached, BMSCs mobilization occurs and their level increases in peripheral blood. The level of circulating CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of CHB patients paralleled with the hepatitis B viral load.

A-85 Differences in Cerebral Blood Perfusion with Individuals Diagnosed with Cluster B Personality Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1132
Author(s):  
D'anna Sydow ◽  
Daniel Amen ◽  
Kristen Willeumier ◽  
Brittny Arias ◽  
Charles J Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with DSM-IV diagnosis of Cluster B Personality Disorders (PDB) and healthy controls. Method Healthy controls (n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female, 42.0% Caucasian) and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with PDB (n=, Mage = 34.12, 71.5% female, 69.8% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.005) were found for age [t(195) = −3.62], gender [χ2(2) = 7.1], and race [χ2(12) = 23.82] between groups. Mean age [t(523) = 2.09, p = 0.037) and gender [t(532) = −2.653, p = 0.008] different significantly between groups. No significant mean difference was found for education [t(523) = 0.832, p = 0.406]. Results Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,192) = 10.5; right:F(1,192) = 4.6], limbic system [left:F(1,192) = 7.8; right:F(1,192) = 5.0], and basal ganglia [left:F(1,192) = 12.3; right:F(1,192) = 6.7]. Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum for the PDB group. Lower perfusion was found in the limbic system and basal ganglia in the PDB group. Conclusion Results observed in this study are concurrent with previous literature. PDB demonstrates higher activity in the cerebellum which contains inhibitory neurotransmitters, like Purkinje cells. The increased blood flow to cerebellar circuits may be related to the explicit self-recognition of negative emotion reported in PDB. Hypoperfusion found in the limbic system could be linked to impaired emotional responses. Apathy experienced in PDB may be accounted for by the low perfusion in the highly dopaminergic pathway in the basal ganglia. Further research should assess how different comorbidities with PDB affect perfusion.

scholarly journals Bedside hyperspectral imaging for the evaluation of microcirculatory alterations in perioperative intensive care medicine: a study protocol for an observational clinical pilot study (HySpI-ICU)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e035742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Dietrich ◽  
Sebastian Marx ◽  
Thomas Bruckner ◽  
Felix Nickel ◽  
Beat Peter Müller-Stich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Haemodynamic Monitoring ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Tissue System

IntroductionNormalisation of macrocirculatory parameters during resuscitation therapy does not guarantee the restoration of microcirculatory perfusion in critical illness due to haemodynamic incoherence. Persistent microcirculatory abnormalities are associated with severity of organ dysfunction and mandate the development of bedside microcirculatory monitoring. A novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system can visualise changes in skin perfusion, oxygenation and water content at the bedside. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of HSI for bedside monitoring of skin microcirculation and the association of HSI parameters with organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis and major abdominal surgery.Methods and analysisThree independent groups will be assessed and separately analysed within a clinical prospective observational study: (1) 25 patients with sepsis or septic shock (according to sepsis-3 criteria), (2) 25 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and (3) 25 healthy controls. Patients with sepsis and patients undergoing pancreatic surgery will receive standard therapy according to local protocols derived from international guidelines. In addition, cardiac output of perioperative patients and patients with sepsis will be measured. Healthy controls undergo one standardised evaluation. The TIVITA Tissue System is a novel HSI system that uses the visible and near-infrared spectral light region to determine tissue microcirculatory parameters. HSI analysis (hand/knee) will be done in parallel to haemodynamic monitoring within defined intervals during a 72-hour observation period. HSI data will be correlated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, global haemodynamics, inflammation and glycocalyx markers, surgical complications and 30-day outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (S-148/2019). Study results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and medical conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00017313; Pre-results.

Effect of sex on perception of rectosigmoid stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R277-R284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chang ◽  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
Jennifer S. Labus ◽  
Max Schmulson ◽  
Oh Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, the relationship between sex and sensitivity to visceral stimuli is incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of sex on perceptual responses to visceral stimulation in IBS. Fifty-eight IBS patients (mean age 42 ± 1 yr; 34 men, 24 women) and 26 healthy controls (mean age 38 ± 3 yr; 9 men, 17 women) underwent barostat-assisted distensions of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Rectal discomfort thresholds were measured using a randomized, phasic distension paradigm before and after repeated noxious sigmoid stimulation (SIG, 60-mmHg pulses). Sex had a significant effect on rectal discomfort thresholds. Women with IBS were the most sensitive (lower thresholds [27 ± 2.7 mmHg] and higher ratings), with significantly lower rectal discomfort thresholds compared with men with IBS (38 ± 2.3 mmHg) and healthy women who were the least sensitive (41.9 ± 3.2 mmHg; both P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in rectal discomfort thresholds between healthy men (34 ± 4.3 mmHg) and men with IBS. Across both IBS and control groups, women demonstrated a significant lowering of discomfort thresholds after noxious sigmoid stimulation ( P < 0.01), while men did not. Sex significantly influences perceptual sensitivity to rectosigmoid distension. Women show greater perceptual responses to this paradigm.

scholarly journals Cognitive Functions in Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Ana Havelka Meštrović ◽  
Marina Domijan ◽  
Vlatko Mičković ◽  
Zoran Lončar
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with changes in cognitive functions. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in cognitive abilities between PTSD patients and healthy controls. As PTSD is often accompanied by comorbidity, the PTSD patients with comorbid diagnoses were also included in our study. The study participants included 254 Croatian combat veterans (60 PTSD and 194 PTSD plus comorbidity) and control group of 125 healthy Croatian military and civilian pilots. The diagnosis of PTSD was made by clinical scale for PTSD assessment (CAPS), while cognitive abilities were measured by Wechsler intelligence scale (WAIS-III-R) and Rey test (ROCFT). The study results have confirmed that there is a significant difference in cognitive functions between the PTSD patients and healthy controls regarding age and education. The PTSD patients (PTSD only and PTSD with comorbidity) have shown lower general intellectual abilities, reduced capacity of working, numerical and visual memory, and decreased executive functions when compared to healthy controls. These results are an additional contribution to a better understanding and determination of changes in cognitive functions that occur in combat PTSD as a result of traumatic stress.

scholarly journals Communication Mediated by a Powered Wheelchair: People with Profound Cognitive Disabilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Powered Wheelchair ◽  
Shared Meanings ◽  
Self Recognition

Keywords guidance, interaction, feeling experiences, self-recognition, concept formation, orientation, intentionality, agency, communicative behavior Abstract The Driving to Learn project explored what people with profound cognitive disabilities could achieve from practice in a joystick-operated powered wheelchair and what facilitated their eventual achievements. Grounded theory methodology was applied for a project involving 45 children and adults with profound cognitive disabilities, 64 with milder degrees of cognitive disabilities, and 17 infants with typical development. The findings included two lines of development: (1) growing consciousness of joystick-use and powered mobility use, and (2) learning communication by driving. An emerging approach for facilitating tool use learning also nurtured the participants' alertness, attention to social exchange, development of sense of self, anticipation, intentionality and a will in mind that was communicated through showing by driving. Significance: Becoming capable of showing communicative intentions, even in a limited sense, changed the attention, interaction and responsiveness of social others. This in turn increased the participants' opportunities for development of more shared meanings and communication.

scholarly journals Circulating Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Mediates Cancer-Associated Inflammation in Human Breast and Colon Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafize Uzun ◽  
Berrin Papila Kundaktepe ◽  
Volkan Sozer ◽  
Pinar Kocael ◽  
Sinem Durmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Serum Crp

Background: Inflammation is recognized as a hallmark feature of cancer development and progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the significance of serum nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) levels as a circulating marker in the monitor of inflammation in breast and colon cancer; to show the relationship between NF-кB with inflammatory parameters as tumor necros faktor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: Serum NF-кB, TNF-α, sTRAIL, IL-6, PTX-3, PCT, and serum CRP levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 patients with breast cancer, 40 patients with colon cancer and 30 healthy controls. Results: The serum NF-кB, TNF-α, IL-6, PTX-3, PCT and serum CRP concentration was significantly higher and the serum sTRAIL concentration was significantly lower in patients with breast and colon cancer than in those with an healthy controls. NF-кB were positive correlated with CRP and negative corelated with sTRAIL. Conclusions: These results suggest that increased NF-кB may decrease the clinical efficacy of sTRAIL in solid tumour cells. There is relationship between inflammation and carcinogenesis so that the development of cancer occurs with chronic inflammation in breast and colon. The study results have shown that colon and breast cancer patients have increased systemic inflammation, as measured by increased circulating cytokines, and acute phase proteins, or by abnormalities in circulating cells. NF-кB may combine with other markers of the systemic inflammatory response in prognostic scores in cancer. In addition to surgical resection of the tumor, conventional radio- and chemotherapy for cancer treatment, the use of sTRAIL or other agonists for cancer therapy appeared a new potential therapy.  

scholarly journals Haematological & Inflammatory Markers in Septicaemia and Its Prognostic Implications in Okhla Industrial Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Juhi Aggarwal ◽  
Swati Singh ◽  
Walia Murshida Huda ◽  
Mayur Kumar ◽  
Jagmohan Dhakad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND Sepsis remains an important cause of hospitalisation and mortality worldwide among patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU). Due to increasing mortality and morbidity of sepsis early diagnosis and treatment are essential. This can be achieved with the help of biomarkers–haematological and inflammatory i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro calcitonin (PCT). They are found to be highly sensitive and useful markers for early detection and management of sepsis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May 2019 to March 2020 in the Department of Biochemistry, ESI Hospital, Okhla. A total of 104 subjects were recruited for the study. Of them, 52 subjects were healthy controls, and 52 cases were ICU patients. Samples were taken to evaluate differential leucocyte count (DLC), red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW SD), platelet count (PLT), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet crit as haematological markers whereas Creactive protein, fibrinogen and pro calcitonin indices were chosen as inflammatory. markers. RESULTS There was significant increase in the TLC (21583.51 ± 2240.36), total neutrophil count (7889.48 ± 1482.83), immature neutrophil (2.97 ± 1.67), fibrinogen levels (518.07 ± 66.74), CRP (0.048 ± 0.01) and pro calcitonin levels (0.062 ± 0.22) of the cases as compared to the healthy controls. The platelet count was observed to be higher in healthy subjects as compared to the patients in ICU. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that clinical examination along with laboratory testing which include hematologic and inflammatory biomarkers is the most effective combination of parameters for rapidly and accurately predicting or diagnosing sepsis in a critically ill patient. KEY WORDS Sepsis, Haematological, Inflammatory, CRP, PCT, Fibrinogen

scholarly journals Episodic memory precision and reality monitoring following stimulation of angular gyrus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kwon ◽  
F.R. Richter ◽  
M. J. Siena ◽  
J.S. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Continuous Response ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe qualities of remembered experiences are often used to inform ‘reality monitoring’ judgments, our ability to distinguish real and imagined events (Johnson & Raye, 1981). Previous experiments have tended to investigate only whether reality monitoring decisions are accurate or not, providing little insight into the extent to which reality monitoring may be affected by qualities of the underlying mnemonic representations. We used a continuous-response memory precision task to measure the quality of remembered experiences that underlie two different types of reality monitoring decisions: agency decisions that distinguish actions performed by participants and the experimenter, and perceptual decisions that distinguish perceived and imagined experiences. The data revealed memory precision to be associated with higher accuracy in both agency and perceptual reality monitoring decisions, with reduced precision linked with a tendency to misattribute self-generated experiences to external sources. We then sought to investigate the possible neurocognitive basis of these observed associations by applying brain stimulation to a region that has been implicated in precise recollection of personal events, left angular gyrus. Stimulation of angular gyrus selectively reduced the association between memory precision and self-referential reality monitoring decisions, relative to control site stimulation. Angular gyrus may, therefore, be important for the ability to imbue remembered experiences with a sense of self-agency, a key component of ‘autonoetic consciousness’ that characterises episodic memory (Tulving, 1985).

scholarly journals TYPE D PERSONALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1546-1553
Author(s):  
Shemaila Saleem ◽  
Tamkeen Saleem ◽  
Qazi Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type A Behavior Pattern ◽  
Type D ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is escalatingspeedily in the developing world including Pakistan. CVD is considered to be one of the leadingcauses of deaths in near future. The CVD is believed to be associated with personality factorsand the researches continue to refine the key elements predisposing cardiovascular disease.The objective of the study was to explore the construct of a Type A behavior pattern and Type Dpersonality in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy controls. Settings: CardiologyOPD of the hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Methods: The psychometric tools used tomeasure these constructs are the Type A behavior pattern scale (TABP), Type D personality Scale(DS14) and Revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCS-R). 100 patients with cardiovasculardisease having coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction were compared with 100healthy controls in terms of relevant aspects of their cardiovascular functioning. Traditionalemphasis has been that Type A is a predictor of CVD. Results: The study results indicatethat the Type D is a better predictor of cardiovascular heart disease as compared to Type A.Furthermore, the results indicate that frequency of Type A and Type D is more prevalent in CVDpatients than in the healthy controls. Conclusion: Making an allowance for the high frequencyof Type A and Type D personality in cardiovascular disease, controlling the behavior patternscan be useful for prevention of risk as well as for creating better management of CVD patients.

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