Factors Affecting Commercialization of Specialty-Use Plant Growth Regulating Chemicals

1979 ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
ALDO J. CROVETTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION RATES OF CELGARD® D-304 MICROPOROUS, POLYPROPYLENE FILMS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175h-1176
Author(s):  
Laura Dellevigne ◽  
Peter Vergano ◽  
Lee Wiles ◽  
Andy Hale ◽  
Jeff Adelberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Growth Experiments

Commercially produced membrane rafts containing Celgard D-304 microporous, polypropylene film are used to support the growth of micropropagated plants in liquid media. This method is used because growth experiments using membranes resulted in plant growth rates equal to or greater than those grown on agar. Inconsistent results of plant growth on these rafts led to an interest in measuring the water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of the membranes. A modified WVTR test (ASTM E96-80) was used on 15 raft samples. Results showed that the supplier's value of 49.2 g/m2 ·hr falls within the range of measured values of 39.2 to 54.8 g/m2·hr. Inconsistencies in growth of micropropagated plants may not be due to variability in the WVTR of the Celgard film. It is possible that the WVTR of the film is not the most important factor in facilitating liquid nutrient transport across the membrane. Other properties of the film need to be measured to determine factors affecting growth rates observed.

scholarly journals The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9939
Author(s):  
Hyunseung Hwang ◽  
Sewoong An ◽  
Minh Duy Pham ◽  
Meiyan Cui ◽  
Changhoo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Air Temperatures

Understanding environmental factors is essential to maximizing the biomass production of plants. There have been many studies on the effects of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod and air temperature as separate factors affecting plants, including under a closed transplant production system (CTPS). However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors on plant growth. Germinated tomato and red pepper seedlings were transferred to three different photoperiods with five different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPFs) at an air temperature of 25/20 °C to investigate plant growth under a different daily light integral (DLI). Three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20 °C (photo/dark periods), with five different PPFs were used to examine plant growth under different DIFs (difference between the day and night temperature). Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.60 mol·m−2·d−1, either by increasing the photoperiod or PPF, improved the growth of seedlings in both cultivars. However, when comparing treatments that provided the same DLI, tomato seedlings had s significantly higher growth when grown under longer photoperiods and s lower PPF. Even in higher DLI conditions, reduced growth due to higher PPF indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. At 23 and 25 °C, tomato seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PPF. However, at the higher temperature of 27 °C, while the slope of the curve at low PPFs was similar to that of the curves at lower temperatures, the slope at high PPFs was flatter. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings displayed the same correlation curve between growth and PPF at all tested temperatures, and red pepper plants accumulated more dry weight even at higher temperatures. These results suggested that the combination effect was more useful to observe these overall tendencies, especially in reacting to a second factor. This will provide us with more information and a deeper understanding of plant characteristics and how they will behave under changing environments.

Application of Fine Bubble Generator on the Hydroponic System of Nutrient Film Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Lukito Hasta Pratopo ◽  
Ahmad Thoriq ◽  
Rizky Mulya Sampurno ◽  
I Made Joni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Fine Bubble

Dissolved oxygen in water is one of the factors affecting plant growth in the hydroponic nutrient film technique system. The fine bubble generator technique allows the provision of high dissolved oxygen levels in water with fine bubble size and prolonged water existence. The experiment was conducted to observe the effect of fine bubbles on choy sum plant growth. Plant growth parameters including leaf length (Pd), leaf width (Ld), plant height (Tt), number of leaves (Jd), and root weight (Ba) were measured every two days while the total plant weight was measured at harvest. Nutritional water quality and microclimate were controlled using internet of things (IoT) based sensors every 5 minutes. The research data were processed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of fine bubbles increased the electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS). On the contrary, the nutrient solution’s temperature increased, thus reducing the total dissolved oxygen content. The yields showed that the choy sum plant growth using fine bubbles application weighed 1.71 kg (5 samples) better than the control 1.35 kg.

Plant Growth Inhibitors, Factors Affecting the Performance of Maleic Hydrazide

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Smith ◽  
J. W. Zukel ◽  
G. M. Stone ◽  
J. A. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

scholarly journals PPR647 Protein Is Required for Chloroplast RNA Editing, Splicing and Chloroplast Development in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11162
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yongzhong Zhang ◽  
Shilei Sun ◽  
Lijing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chloroplast Genes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Albino Phenotype

Chloroplasts play an essential role in plant growth and development. Any factors affecting chloroplast development will lead to abnormal plant growth. Here, we characterized a new maize mutant, albino seedling mutant 81647 (as-81647), which exhibits an entirely albino phenotype in leaves and eventually died before the three-leaf stage. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the chloroplast thylakoid membrane was impaired and the granum lamellae significantly decreased in as-81647. Map-based cloning and transgenic analysis confirmed that PPR647 encodes a new chloroplast protein consisting of 11 pentratricopeptide repeat domains. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays and transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) showed that the PPR647 mutation significantly disrupted the expression of PEP-dependent plastid genes. In addition, RNA splicing and RNA editing of multiple chloroplast genes showed severe defects in as-81647. These results indicated that PPR647 is crucial for RNA editing, RNA splicing of chloroplast genes, and plays an essential role in chloroplast development.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought, Nitrogen Fertilization, Temperature, and Photoperiodicity on Quinoa Plant Growth and Development in the Sahel

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvar-Beltrán ◽  
Dao ◽  
Marta ◽  
Saturnin ◽  
Casini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Four Levels

Drought, heat stress, and unfavorable soil conditions are key abiotic factors affecting quinoa’s growth and development. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of progressive drought and N-fertilization reduction on short-cycle varieties of quinoa (c.v. Titicaca) for different sowing dates during the dry season (from October to December). A two-year experimentation (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) was carried out in Burkina Faso with four levels of irrigation (full irrigation—FI, progressive drought—PD, deficit irrigation—DI and extreme deficit irrigation—EDI) and four levels of N-fertilization (100, 50, 25, and 0 kg N ha−1). Plant phenology and development, just like crop outputs in the form of yield, biomass, and quality of the seeds were evaluated for different sowing dates having different temperature ranges and photoperiodicity. Crop water productivity (CWP) function was used for examining plant’s water use efficiency under drought stress conditions. Emerging findings have shown that CWP was highest under DI and PD (0.683 and 0.576 kg m−3, respectively), while highest yields were observed in 2017–2018 under PD and its interaction with 25 to 50 kg N ha−1 (1356 and 1110 kg ha−1, respectively). Mean temperatures close to 25 °C were suitable for optimal plant growth, while extreme temperatures at anthesis limited the production of grains. Small changes in photoperiodicity from different sowing dates were not critical for plant growth.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes to Plant Growth–Defense Tradeoff in Salvia Miltiorrhiza

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhu-yun Yan ◽  
Yun-tong Ma ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Variable Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Indexes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Background: Enzyme activities play a very important role in metabolism. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the two most basic elements for plant growth and development, and their mutual coupling makes C:N become an important index to explore plant element allocation and adaptation strategies. Although the key enzymes activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and defense enzymes are often used to indexes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants, the relationship between them and biomass still lacks understanding. In this paper, under the control condition, the biomass and 18 kinds of physiological and biochemical indexes were obtained through 24 groups experiments of the regenerated seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza by 9 endophytic fungi strains grafted. Results: The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, Lasso variable screening analysis and MLP neural network regression analysis. Results show that many physiological and biochemical indexes are related to biomass, and glutamine synthetase ( GS ),glutamate synthase ( GLS ), glutamate dehydroge nase ( GDH ), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT), soluble protein are the key factors which affect the biomass synthesis of Salvia miltiorrhiza . Conclusion: In this paper, it discusses the relationship between physiological and biochemical indexes and biomass in a comprehensive and systematic way by the framework of "Build-Design-Calculate-Test". Through rigorous logical reasoning process, the factors affecting the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza are selected, and the mathematical model is established. It also provides a powerful tool for the comprehensive and systematic study of plant growth and the synthesis of effective components.

Factors Affecting Growth of Rooted Aquatic Plants in a Reservoir

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Peltier ◽  
E. B. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Factors Affecting

Water samples were taken from Pickwick Reservoir from 1965 through 1968 and the nitrogen and phosphorus content determined. The nitrogen and phosphorus content over a period of 3 years was not related to the year-to-year plant growth. Physical and climatic data were obtained from 1961 through 1968, and it was found that available light was controlled by the amount of rainfall and ensuing reservoir elevation during the critical plant growth period in April and May. Available light was correlated with the 2 years of severe infestations.

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