Are Primary-School-Aged Children Experts in Spatial Associate Learning?

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jansen-Osmann ◽  
Martin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Spatial Condition

Abstract. In two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 180, Experiment 2: N = 150), we investigated the anecdotal observation that school age children are assumed to be experts in spatial associate learning. In the first experiment, second graders, sixth graders, and adults learned the associations between 32 pictures and either a position or a word. 16 pictures had each to be associated with one position in a 4-by-4 grid of squares (spatial condition); the other 16 pictures had each to be associated to one of 16 monosyllabic words (verbal condition). After a 3 min distractor interval the associated position or word had to be retrieved with the pictures as cues. In Experiment 2, the results were replicated in principle with modifications in the experimental details. Performance improvement as a function of age turned out to be substantially larger in the verbal condition compared to the spatial one. The results are traced back to the idea that spatial associate learning is a cognitive function maturating early during life span.

Are children able to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude?

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Galanaki
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Human Desire

School-age children’s ability to distinguish among the concepts of aloneness, loneliness, and solitude was the focus of this study. This ability has been largely neglected by researchers. Also, the relation of this ability with self-reported loneliness was examined. Individual interviews were conducted with 180 second, fourth, and sixth graders from Athens, Greece. Their responses were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Results showed that school-age children were able to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, although they frequently associated being alone with feeling lonely. Nearly half of them perceived the motivational dimension, which distinguishes voluntary from involuntary aloneness. The ability to recognise the existence of beneficial aloneness, that is, solitude, was extremely limited among second graders, but increased dramatically up to the beginning of adolescence. About two thirds of the total sample acknowledged the human desire to be alone. Girls were significantly more able than boys to perceive the differences between aloneness and loneliness, the motivational dimension, and the desire to be alone. More than two-thirds of the total sample had experienced loneliness, but this experience appeared to be unrelated to their understanding of the various aloneness concepts. Age and gender differences, as well as children’s various justifications of their responses, are discussed in the framework of the existing theoretical and research literature on children’s aloneness, loneliness, and solitude.

Alimentary factors affecting the formation of the nutritional status of school-age children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
O.V. Sazonova ◽  
◽  
L.I. Mazur ◽  
S.A. Pyrkova ◽  
M.Yu. Gavryushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objective. To reveal the dependence of the alimentary factor’s influence on the formation of nutritional status disorders in organized groups of school-age children. Patients and methods. A sample questionnaire and an anthropometric survey of 488 school children aged 8–9 years (group 1), 12–13 years (group 2) and 16–17 years (group 3) were conducted. Nutritional status was analyzed by anthropometric measurements using regional modified regression scales for the Samara Region. The analysis of the results obtained, including the risk of nutritional status disorders, was performed with the use of parametric statistical procedures. Results. Hot school meals were provided to 85.6% of pupils in grades 2–3, to 55.6% of sixth graders and 36.4% of pupils in the senior classes. A rational diet was revealed in 18.3% of cases in the junior school group and only in 7.0% of cases in group 3. The consumption of bread and bakery products, vegetables, fruits, milk, and dairy products increases by high school age. The frequency of fish and seafood consumption in most cases in each age group is limited to a few meals per month. Anthropometric studies showed a significant increase in the proportion of children with nutritional status disorders (underweight or overweight) between the ages of 12 and 17. Conclusion. The risk of nutritional status disorders in the examined children was due to the high frequency of consumption of bakery and confectionery products, decreased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and infrequent meals. Key words: school meals, regimen, nutritional structure, nutritional status

scholarly journals Kelekatan Antara Ibu dan Anak Usia Sekolah (Studi pada Ibu Sebagai Orang Tua Siswa Kelas 1 SDN Hanjuang Samijaya)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso ◽  
Megawati B
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Role Models ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Mother possesses a central role in the process of educating children. Mother spends more time with children at home than in the school. Thus, the attachment between the child and the mother becomes a benchmark as having required the ability to perform interaction within constructed social relations of school-aged children. This study was conducted using an explorative study that focused on the ‘eyecatching’ of information and issues that obtained in the process of this study. Interview, observation and documentation techniques are applied. The results show that the attachment between mother and child is built on the basis of the various skills that must be owned by school-aged children. This also means the role and function of the mother in educating school-aged children, expecially teaching process, that is caring, willingness to share, respect, politeness and responsibility. Providing good role models is the best way to instill values   in children, thus becoming the foundation for good attachment building between mother and child. Keywords: attachment, mother, children, school-age children.

Clinical interpretation of acetonemic vomiting in pediatries

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Lyubov Aleksandrovna Reshetnik ◽  
Yelena Olegovna Parfenova ◽  
Nadezhda Sergeyevna Krivickaya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cyclic Vomiting

Acetonemic vomiting is a syndromic condition that occurs in 4–7-year-old children more often than in the other age groups (t = 53,5; p(0,001). Girls are more exposed to acetonemia (t = 55,5; p(0,001), but its severity is more expressed in boys (the average duration of ketoacidosis for boys is 1,58 days, for girls — 1,17 days (t = 3,8; p(0,001). There is also more expressed ketoacidosis in pre-school children as compared with toddlers (t = 2,9; p(0,01) and compared with school-age children (t = 2,8; p(0,01). There are no reliable gender differences in ketoacidosis’ severity. Now the number of children hospitalized to Ivano-Matreninskaya state pediatric hospital with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) has increased by 8 times in the last 10 years.

Assessing Social Communication Abilities of School-Aged Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Elleseff
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Communication Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Academic Abilities ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Social Communication Disorders ◽  
The Brain

This article explains the importance of assessing social communication abilities of school-age children. It summarizes the effect of social communication on academic abilities, reviews terminology and definitions relevant to social communication disorders, lists areas of the brain involved in social communication, provides examples of social communication skill development, offers relevant pre-assessment considerations, as well as describes standardized instruments and informal procedures used to determine the presence of social communication deficits in school-age children.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Ekonomi Islam Pada Usia Sekolah Di Lingkungan Masjid Luar Batang Penjaringan Jakarta Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tatik Mariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Observation Method

The purpose of this Join Community Service (PKM) with Faculty of Economy and Business Trisakti University and Faculty OF Economy and Business Esa Unggul University activity is to increase understanding of the Islamic economy and Islamic financial and banking institutions for school-aged children in environment of Masjid Luar Batang, Jakarta Indonesia. The method used is a survey and observation method with descriptive analysis from previous literature studies. The survey and observation methods were carried out by conducting direct outreach socialisation by presenting speakers and extension workers to school age. The material provided by giving an explanation of Islamic economics and the mechanism of Islamic financial institutions and banking. The next activity is evaluating the extension activities with interactions during the counseling session, such as questions and answers where questions from the instructor can be answered properly. Understanding of Islamic economics in school-age children in environment of Masjid Luar Batang has increased, but support from industry and the government is expected to be able to produce human resources that are reliable and can compete at the international level.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POLA MAKAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Afriyani Rahmawati ◽  
Carolina Wurisetyaningrum Marland ◽  
Eka Putri Wahyuni ◽  
Husnul Aliffa Zulkarnaen ◽  
Meissy Okasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
School Age ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
School Aged Children

Makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh anak usia sekolah sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan fisik. Orang tua memiliki peran untuk melakukan pengontrolan dan pengawasan terkait dengan pola makan anak karena anak usia sekolah rentan terkena penyakit terutama permasalahan gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pola makan pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019. Penelitian ini melibatkan 97 orang siswa di SDN Sumur Batu 01 Pagi Kemayoran, Jakarta yang dipilih dengan teknik stratified sampling. Pola makan diukur dengan menggunakan instrument The feeding practices and structure quistionnare (FPSQ) (Jansen, Mallan, Nicholson, & Daniels, 2014). Pola makan anak dilihat berdasarkan 8 dimensi, yaitu: dimensi ketidakpercayaan nafsu makan, hadiah untuk perilaku, hadiah untuk makan, makanan persuasif, pembatasan terselubung, pembatasan yang jelas, terstruktur pengaturan makan, dan terstruktur waktu makan. Pola makan anak dikategorikan menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 82,5 persen anak memiliki pola makan pada kategori sedang. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pola makan anak berada pada kategori belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, orang tua dan guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perhatian pada pola makan anak. Orang tua dan guru diharapkan dapat mengajarkan anak mengenai pola makan yang sehat.   Kata kunci: anak usia sekolah, keterlibatan keluarga, pola makan, makanan sehat   Analysis of Eating Pattern in School Aged Children Abstrack Food consumed by school age children greatly affects physical development. Parents have a role to the control and supervision related to child’s eating patterns because school age children vulnerable to disease, especially nutrition problems. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze eating pattern in school age children. The research was conducted in december, 2019. This study involved 97 students at SDN Sumur Batu 01 Pagi Kemayoran, Jakarta that were selected using stratified sampling technique. Eating pattern have been measured using the feeding practices and structure questionnaire (FPSQ) instrument (Jansen, Mallan, Nicholson, & Daniels, 2014). Children's eating patterns were seen based on 8 dimensions, namely: distrust in appetite, reward for behavior, reward for eating, persuasive feeding, covert restriction, overt restriction, structured meal setting, and structured meal timing. Children's eating patterns are categorized into 3 categories, namely low, medium, and high. The data that has been collected is processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that 82,5 percent of children had a moderate eating pattern. These results indicate that children's eating patterns are still not optimal. Therefore, parents and teachers are expected to be able to increase attention to children's eating patterns. Parents and teachers are expected to be able to teach children about healthy eating patterns. Keywords: eating pattern, family involvement, healthy food, school aged children

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TENTANG KARIES GIGI DAN LOMBA GOSOK GIGI DI WILAYAH RT 08 KELURAHAN MURNI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Mira Andani ◽  
Robby Hardian ◽  
Win Fadillah ◽  
Vevi Suryenti Putri ◽  
Maimaznah Maimaznah
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Right

Damage of teeth can be affect for health of the other body, so it will interfere with daily activities. Based of the assessment in 26 school-age children in RT 08 Kelurahan Murni, showed 20 people (76.92%) who had tooth holes and black teeth, even though 18 people (69.23%) had brushed their teeth twice a day . Therefore, it is necessary to conduct health education on dental caries and tooth brushing competitions accompanied by demonstrations so that children can find out how to brush their teeth properly to avoid dental caries. The target of this counseling is that school-age children can practice the correct way of brushing their teeth to prevent dental caries. Extension activities were carried out for 45 minutes with the stages of directing participants to the place to be counseled, opening the presentation delivered by the moderator, delivering counseling material delivered by the presenter, demonstrating how to brush teeth properly, directing children to take part in brushing competitions, conducting competitions brush your teeth, give gifts to children who can brush their teeth properly, evaluate the counseling participants, distribute leaflets to the audience, document activities. The results of counseling activities are children are able to do the right way to brush their teeth.

scholarly journals Defending or Remaining Passive as a Bystander of School Bullying in Sweden: The Role of Moral Disengagement and Antibullying Class Norms

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110374
Author(s):  
Robert Thornberg ◽  
Tiziana Pozzoli ◽  
Gianluca Gini
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Class Level

The overall aim of the present study was to examine whether moral disengagement and perceptions of antibullying class norms at individual level and at class level were associated with defending and passive bystanding in school bullying among school-age children. More specifically, we investigated the extent to which moral disengagement would contribute to explain defending and passive bystanding, after controlling for sex and perceptions of antibullying class norms at individual level and at class level. A total of 789 Swedish students (aged 10-14) from 40 middle school classes filled out a self-report survey. The findings revealed that girls and students who were less prone to morally disengage, and who perceived that their classmates endorsed more antibullying norms, were more likely to defend victimized peers. Students who were more inclined to morally disengage and perceive that classmates do not condemn bullying were more likely to act as passive bystanders. In addition, classes with higher levels of antibullying class norms were more likely to show higher rates of defending and lower rates of passive bystanding compared to the other classes. The findings suggest that schools and teachers need to develop educational strategies, methods, and efforts designed to make students aware of moral disengagement and to reduce their likelihood of morally disengaging in bullying situations. The present findings also point to the importance of teachers establishing class rules against bullying together with the students.

scholarly journals Age, Gender, Height and Weight in Relation to Joint Cartilage Thickness Among School-aged Children From Ultrasonographic Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchun Gau ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Yao ◽  
Shu-Ting Gan ◽  
Syh-Jae Lin ◽  
Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment.Results: A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p<0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age ( p <0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group.Conclusions: A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.

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