scholarly journals The role of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in fruit ripening—a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Leszczuk ◽  
Panagiotis Kalaitzis ◽  
Konstantinos N. Blazakis ◽  
Artur Zdunek
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Information ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Developmental Programme ◽  
Scientific Subject ◽  
Wall Components

Abstract Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are proteoglycans challenging researchers for decades. However, despite the extremely interesting polydispersity of their structure and essential application potential, studies of AGPs in fruit are limited, and only a few groups deal with this scientific subject. Here, we summarise the results of pioneering studies on AGPs in fruit tissue with their structure, specific localization pattern, stress factors influencing their presence, and a focus on recent advances. We discuss the properties of AGPs, i.e., binding calcium ions, ability to aggregate, adhesive nature, and crosslinking with other cell wall components that may also be implicated in fruit metabolism. The aim of this review is an attempt to associate well-known features and properties of AGPs with their putative roles in fruit ripening. The putative physiological significance of AGPs might provide additional targets of regulation for fruit developmental programme. A comprehensive understanding of the AGP expression, structure, and untypical features may give new information for agronomic, horticulture, and renewable biomaterial applications.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Communication Tools in Education from the Saudi Female Students’ Perceptions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Hamad Mohamad Aljaad
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
New Information ◽  
Saudi Female Students ◽  
Scientific Subject

<p class="apa">This study aims at identifying the role of social communication tools in education from the Saudi female students’ perspectives that are studying at the college of education in King Saud University-Riyadh. This study used a survey, which was distributed to 500 female students. The results showed that 90% of respondents used social media where 95% said social media improved interaction with other and raised the sense of social responsibility, 56% used all tools of social media. 45% used social media more than 6 hours daily. 61% believed that social networks promoted democratic values and spread political culture.62% of respondents used social media to do homework or academic projects and researches. 99% of respondents believed that social media allowed following new information about their academic specialty and obtained specialized scientific consulting. 79% of respondents believed that one goal of creating accounts in social networks were learning specific science knowledge or a foreign language. 9% of respondents benefited from social media in social educational consulting. 44% of respondents preferred to debate in scientific and educational topics. 84% of respondents agreed that social networks provided the opportunity to form relationships with those interested in a particular scientific subject and exchanged experiences and information with them.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals The Role of β-Galactosidases in the Modification of Cell Wall Components during Muskmelon Fruit Ripening

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1318-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
Chiyuki Suematsu ◽  
Hiroshi Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

BOOK PUBLISHING IN UKRAINE: THE FACTORS OF EVELOP

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Information Space ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
National Information

This article is devoted to analysis of the modern problems of book publishing in the context of national information space. Development of the Ukrainian state is impossible without development of national book publishing, which is a part of its information space. In Ukraine, as one of the post-Soviet states, the formation of new information and communication system is based on its own information tradition, mentality and features of spiritual culture of the Ukrainians. It plays an important role in shaping culture, spirituality, comprehensive vision and consciousness of the nation. They were and they are a source of knowledge and the most effective way of its transfer. The transience of processes occurring the era of information society, radical socio-economic reforms, sectoral technological revolution requires the continuous scientific researches and analysis, identifying the trends in publishing industry as one of the most important factors in the state’s democratic progress. The author summarizes the development of book publishing of Ukraine and shows its role and place in the modern information society. The study of the modern book publishing is impossible without digression into the past, without finding out the roots of studying of the analysis object. The specific problems of the book industry are identified. It is concluded that in the modern Ukraine the publishing business has intensified, although the positive changes are taking place very slowly: the appropriate economic conditions for development of the publishing industry have not been created, the equipment are outdated; editorial, publishing and printing equipment of domestic manufacture are nonavailable; introduction of advanced technology are low; purchasing ability of the population is low; the sales network of printed products has been destroyed and so on. The businesses are becoming increasingly uneconomical. We propose some measures to improve this situation, strengthening the role of industry in the national information space. The key to improve the situation may be systematic and persistent efforts of the Ukrainian government to support the industry.The reason is that a comprehensive study requires from the performers not only historical knowledge, but also economic, managerial, psychological, political efforts and so on. The most important thing that the society and the state should need is the component of doctrine of information security in the context of the national security

scholarly journals Should the BCRA1/2-mutations healthy carriers be valid candidates for hematopoietic stem cell donation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fresa ◽  
Simona Sica
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Brca Mutations ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Stem Cell Donation ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Healthy Carriers

AbstractIt’s still not clear whether the mutational status of BRCA-mutated healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) donors could have an impact on the engraftment. Comparing the studies present in literature, we focused on the correlation between BRCA mutations and the development of hematological malignancies and Fanconi anemia (FA); then, we explored HSCs types, frequencies, and functions in the presence of BRCA mutations, as well as the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after chemotherapy and radiation treatments. The role of BRCA mutations in the FA showed a possible involvement in the onset of the disease; the mutation carriers, indeed, did not show any sign of the typical phenotype of the FA. BRCA mutational status can be considered as a risk factor for hematological malignancies, but only for secondary malignancies and/or in the presence of bone marrow stress factors. Currently we don’t know if a conditioning regimen could be compensated by BRCA mutated HSCs, even if murine models tried to show the possible differences between fully mutated, haploinsufficient and normal HSCs. Thus, given the downregulating effect of the mutations on hematopoiesis, it could be questionable to use the HSCs of a BRCA-mutated donor in the presence of another available donor with the same compatibility.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2950
Author(s):  
Beatrycze Nowicka ◽  
Agnieszka Trela-Makowej ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Kazimierz Strzalka ◽  
Renata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
And Function

Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.

scholarly journals Contribution of the CK2 Catalytic Isoforms α and α’ to the Glycolytic Phenotype of Tumor Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Francesca Zonta ◽  
Christian Borgo ◽  
Camila Paz Quezada Meza ◽  
Ionica Masgras ◽  
Andrea Rasola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
New Information

CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase overexpressed in many cancers. It is usually present in cells as a tetrameric enzyme, composed of two catalytic (α or α’) and two regulatory (β) subunits, but it is active also in its monomeric form, and the specific role of the different isoforms is largely unknown. CK2 phosphorylates several substrates related to the uncontrolled proliferation, motility, and survival of cancer cells. As a consequence, tumor cells are addicted to CK2, relying on its activity more than healthy cells for their life, and exploiting it for developing multiple oncological hallmarks. However, little is known about CK2 contribution to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells. With this study we aimed at shedding some light on it, especially focusing on the CK2 role in the glycolytic onco-phenotype. By analyzing neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma cell lines depleted of either one (α) or the other (α’) CK2 catalytic subunit, we also aimed at disclosing possible pro-tumor functions which are specific of a CK2 isoform. Our results suggest that both CK2 α and α’ contribute to cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity. The analyzed metabolic features disclosed a role of CK2 in tumor metabolism, and suggest prominent functions for CK2 α isoform. Results were also confirmed by CK2 pharmacological inhibition. Overall, our study provides new information on the mechanism of cancer cells addiction to CK2 and on its isoform-specific functions, with fundamental implications for improving future therapeutic strategies based on CK2 targeting.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

Role of PtrXTH1 and PnXTH1 Genes Encoding Xyloglucan Endo-Transglycosylases in Regulation of Growth and Adaptation of Plants to Stress Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
B. R. Kuluev ◽  
Z. A. Berezhneva ◽  
A. V. Knyazev ◽  
Yu. M. Nikonorov ◽  
A. V. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Judgments of truth are independently modulated by affect and repetition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Garrido-Vásquez ◽  
Tanja Rock
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Neutral Picture ◽  
Truth Effect ◽  
New Information ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Main Effect

People believe repeated statements more than new ones—the repetition-induced truth effect. It is prominently explained with processing fluency: The subjective ease of processing repeated versus new information. To date, the role of affective processes for the truth effect is rather unclear. From a theoretical perspective, people should rely more on fluency under positive than under negative affect. Here, we tested whether an affective picture presented before a statement influences the repetition-induced truth effect. Thirty-five participants took part in two sessions that were a week apart. In both sessions, they rated the truth status of statements. In session 2, repeated and new statements were intermixed, and each statement was preceded by a positive, negative, or neutral picture. We expected participants to rely more on fluency as a cue to truth in the positive than in the negative affective condition. However, although we replicated the repetition-induced truth effect, the interaction between affect and repetition was insignificant, but we observed a significant main effect of affect—statements were rated as truer after a positive rather than a negative or neutral picture. Our results suggest two independent mechanisms that enhance the subjective truth of statements: repetition and positive affect.

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