scholarly journals Infectious and non-infectious diseases burden among Haitian immigrants in Chile: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fuster ◽  
Felipe Peirano ◽  
José Ignacio Vargas ◽  
Francisco Xavier Zamora ◽  
Marcelo López-Lastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Haitian Immigrants ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Mental Health Programs ◽  
Low Prevalence

AbstractChile has become a popular destination for migrants from South America and the Caribbean (low- and middle-income countries migration). Close to 200.000 Haitian migrants have arrived in Chile. Infectious and non-infectious disease burden among the Haitian adult population living in Chile is unknown. This study aimed to acquire the basic health information (selected transmissible and non-transmissible conditions) of the Haitian adult population living in Chile. A cross-sectional survey was performed, inviting Haitian-born residents in Chile older than 18 years old. Common conditions and risk factors for disease were assessed, as well as selected transmissible conditions (HIV, HBV, and HCV). 498 participants (60.4% female) from 10 communities in two regions of Chile were surveyed. Most subjects had never smoked (91.5%), and 80% drank less than one alcohol unit per month. The mean BMI was 25.6, with 45% of participants having a normal BMI (20–25). Hypertension was present in 31.5% (33% in the 25–44 age group). Prevalence of HIV was 2.4% (95 CI 1.3–4.2%), hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) was 3.4% (95 CI 2.1–5.5%), and hepatitis C was 0% (95 CI 0.0–0.9%). Quality of life showed a significant prevalence of depression and anxiety markers, particularly in those arriving in Chile less than 1 year ago. Low prevalence of obesity, diabetes, smoking, and drinking and estimated cardiovascular risk were found. Nonetheless, hypertension at a younger age, disproportionately higher prevalence of HIV and HBV infection and frequent markers of anxiety and depression were also found. Public policies for detecting and treating hypertension, HIV, and HBV screening, offering HBV vaccination, and organizing mental health programs for Haitian immigrants, are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the awareness, susceptibility and use of heated tobacco products among adolescents in Guatemala City, Guatemala

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039792
Author(s):  
Anna Gottschlich ◽  
Sophia Mus ◽  
Jose Carlos Monzon ◽  
James F Thrasher ◽  
Joaquin Barnoya
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Past

ObjectivesHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly marketed worldwide, yet limited research on HTPs has been conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) or among adolescents. Guatemala is one of the few LMICs where HTPs are available. This study examined prevalence and correlates of HTP awareness, susceptibility and use among adolescents in Guatemala.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional survey on HTP awareness, susceptibility and use was conducted among 2870 students between the ages of 13 and 17 in private schools in Guatemala City, Guatemala.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was susceptibility to future use of HTP among school-aged current and never smokers in Guatemala. We also explored awareness and use of HTPs. Multivariate binomial regression models were used to explore associations between these outcomes and both sociodemographic factors and established smoking correlates.ResultsOf all students (n=2870), about half were aware of HTPs (52.4%) and susceptible to future or continued use (52.4%). Whereas 8.4% of students had tried HTPs in the lifetime (but not in the last month), only 2.9% used HTPs in the past month. Independent correlates of HTP susceptibility and ever-use included: use of other tobacco products (current smoking: adjusted OR (AOR)=10.53 and 6.63, respectively; current e-cigarette use: AOR=21.87 and 10.40, respectively), moderate alcohol consumption (AOR=1.49 and 1.19, respectively), marijuana use in the past 30 days (AOR=3.49 and 2.29, respectively) and having friends who use HTPs (AOR=1.83 and 7.28, respectively).ConclusionsAmong this sample of adolescents in Guatemala City, where tobacco control is weak, the prevalence of HTP use was low but susceptibility to future use was high. Tobacco prevention and intervention strategies for cigarettes and e-cigarettes should now also include HTPs, which tend to be used by similar adolescent populations (ie, those who use other substances or are exposed to tobacco through family and friends).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Feyissa Challa ◽  
Tigist Getahun ◽  
Meron Sileshi ◽  
Bikila Nigassie ◽  
Zeleke Geto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes among hospital fever clinic attendants across Nepal: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248684
Author(s):  
Hridaya Raj Devkota ◽  
Tula Ram Sijali ◽  
Ramji Bogati ◽  
Meraj Ahmad ◽  
Karuna Laxmi Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Programs ◽  
The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been creating a panic and distressing situations among the entire population globally including Nepal. No study has been conducted assessing the psychological impact of this pandemic on the general public in Nepal. The objective of this study is to assess the mental health status during COVID-19 outbreak and explore the potential influencing factors among the population attending the hospital fever clinics with COVID–19 symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May—June, 2020 with a sample of 645 participants aged 18 and above in 26 hospitals across Nepal. Telephone interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire along with a validated psychometric tool, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) scale. The metrics and scores of symptoms and their severity were created and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of potential covariates with outcome variables. Results The prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress were 14%, 7% and 5% respectively. In reference to Karnali, participants from Bagmati province reported higher level of anxiety (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.31–9.06), while stress (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.09–18.32) and depressive symptoms (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.05–9.23) observed higher among the participants in Province 1. Women were more at risk of anxiety (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.83–6.36) than men. Similarly, people currently living in rented houses reported more stress (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.05–8.43) and those living far from family reported higher rates of depressive symptoms (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.03–11.46). Conclusion The study identified increased prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms during the initial stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Considering the findings, there is urgent need to develop and implement appropriate community-based mental health programs targeting individuals who have had COVID-19 symptoms and who are prone to develop adverse mental health outcomes.

Perceptions of the Built Environment and Support for Policies That Promote Physical Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 976-984
Author(s):  
Jeanette Gustat ◽  
Christopher E. Anderson ◽  
Keelia O’Malley ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
Rachel G. Tabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: To assess how perceptions of the community built environment influence support for community policies that promote physical activity (PA). Methods: A national cross-sectional survey assessed perceptions of the local built environment and support of community policies, including school and workplace policies, promoting PA. A random digit–dialed telephone survey was conducted in US counties selected on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for high or low prevalence of obesity and inactivity. A total of 1208 subjects were interviewed, 642 from high-prevalence counties and 566 from low-prevalence counties. Analyses were stratified by county prevalence of obesity and inactivity (high or low). Linear models adjusted for covariates were constructed to assess the influence of built environment perceptions on policy support. Results: Perception of more destinations near the residence was associated with increased support for community policies that promote PA, including tax increases in low-prevalence (obesity and inactivity) counties (P < .01). Positive perception of the workplace environment was associated (P < .001) with increased support for workplace policies among those in high-, but not low-, prevalence counties. Conclusions: Support for community policies promoting PA varies by perception of the built environment, which has implications for policy change.

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN COPD CASES IN CENTRAL INDIA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BMI

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Aditya Tejwani ◽  
Lokendra Dave ◽  
Anubhav Agrawal ◽  
Simmi Dube
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

BACKGROUND: COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide with more than 90% of COPD deaths occuring in low and middle income countries. While metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous cardiovascular risk factors , dened to be associated with prothrombotic and proinammatory states. About 20%- 25% adult population of the world have Metabolic syndrome and are three times more likely to have coronary artery disease or stroke . Increasing evidence shows association between Metabolic Syndrome in COPD. However, the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome and its individual components are not still been clearly shown especially in Indian population in central India . METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gandhi Medical College & Hamidia hospital, Bhopal. 100 spirometrically conrmed COPD cases were enrolled after permission from institutional ethics committee . Detailed history , clinical examination , laboratory parameters and anthropometric parameters were taken. RESULTS: Mean age of patients with COPD was 60.34±10.39 years .Mean weight, height and BMI of patients was 55.86±9.43 2. 2 kg, 160.47±7.58 m and 21.65±3.01kg/m .Majority - 57% patients had normal BMI (18.5 to 22.9 kg/m ). About 25% and 11% patients were overweight and underweight respectively. Metabolic syndrome was found to be present in 32% of the patients with COPD. BMI of patients with metabolic syndrome was signicantly higher as compared to COPD patients without metabolic syndrome (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD was 32% and BMI in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome was signicantly higher than those without metabolic syndrome .

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Knowledge, Attitude and Preparedness to Respond to COVID-19 among Adult Population in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Sadia Sultana ◽  
Abid Hasan Khan ◽  
Md. Raisul Islam ◽  
Sahadat Hossain ◽  
M. Tasdik Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventative Measures

Effective pandemic management requires understanding the level of community knowledge, attitude of people and preparedness towards COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and preparedness toward COVID-2019 among Bangladeshi general people. A cross sectional survey was conducted from 20th March 2020 to 20th April 2020 among 1007 Bangladeshi adult people. A convenience sampling strategy was utilized and the data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to identify the gender differences regarding knowledge, attitude and preparedness towards COVID-19. Respondents predominately used social media to inform themselves about COVID-19 (68.10%) and female used social media more than male (p&lt;0.001). Female had more correct knowledge about staying home with sickness and/or symptoms to contain the COVID-19 transmission (p=.02). While male had more negative attitude about staying out during the pandemic than female (&lt;0.001) and men were less likely to take preventative measures than female counterparts. A number of people were still believing the myths like &ldquo;COVID-19 can transmit via mosquito&rdquo; (9.14%) and male had more incorrect knowledge regarding this (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, 17.81% of the respondents thought that COVID-19 can spread in warm weather. Some findings are directing us to a knowledge gap among general population in Bangladesh which calls for uncovering those aspects. Adequate and effective communication are necessary so that general people can stay alert with positive attitude and hygienic practices to fight against this ongoing crisis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Jomaa ◽  
Farah Naja ◽  
Samer Kharroubi ◽  
Nahla Hwalla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Households With Children

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Smoking among Gambian Men: A Cross-Sectional National WHO STEP Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cham ◽  
Scholes ◽  
Groce ◽  
Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, with a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and predictors of smoking among Gambian men using nationally representative data. Methods: Data was collected in 2010 from a random, nationally representative sample of 4111 adults aged 25–64 years (78% response rate) using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise cross-sectional survey methods. Our analyses focused on men with valid information on smoking status (n = 1766) because of the low prevalence of smoking among women (1%). Results: The prevalence of current smoking among men was 31.4% (95% CI: 27.2–35.9). The median age of starting smoking was 19 years; 25% started before the age of 18 years and 10% started aged 8–10 years. Rural residence, underweight, and hypertension were significantly associated with smoking. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of smoking among Gambian men. It is evident that cigarettes are obtained by minors in The Gambia, as a high proportion of current smokers started at a young age. Advice and support to quit smoking should be extended to all smokers regardless of their age and whether or not they have any underlying health conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Libyan Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lemamsha ◽  
G. Randhawa ◽  
C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Libya is following the trend observed in developing countries of steadily becoming more obese, such that obesity in Libya has reached epidemic proportions in the twenty-first century. The prevalence of obesity in Libya has more than doubled in the last three decades, with the numbers of overweight and obese adults being continuing to grow. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyan men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Libyan population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 401 Libyan adults randomly from the Benghazi electoral register. Qualified nurses were allocated to take anthropometric measurements (including visceral fat and Body Mass Index (BMI)) from participants using the Segmental Body Composition Analyser and a portable Stadiometer. The response rate achieved in this cross-sectional study was 78%. Four hundred and one Libyan adult, aged 20-65 years, participated; 253 were female (63%). The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and normal weight among Libyan adults was 42.4%, 32.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. The results also revealed that approximately 75.3% of Libyan adults were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women was significantly higher than that in men (the prevalence of overweight was 33.2% in women compared to 32.4% in men, while the prevalence of obesity was 47.4% in women compared to 33.8% in men, respectively). The findings of this study confirmed that obesity and overweight are the fastest growing issues and have become one of the most serious public health challenges confronting the Libyan authorities. As the obesity epidemic in Libya continues to escalate, with a complete absence of prevention interventions to reduce obesity, more research is desperately needed to follow the trend of gender difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyans adults across the Libyan state to improve the effective interventions for preventing obesity.

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