scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Silva ◽  
A. S. Oliveira ◽  
C. V. Vaz ◽  
S. Correia ◽  
R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
No Production ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AbstractIn light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Hämäläinen ◽  
Riina Nieminen ◽  
Pia Vuorela ◽  
Marina Heinonen ◽  
Eeva Moilanen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase

In inflammation, bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines induce the formation of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and compounds that inhibit NO production have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of 36 naturally occurring flavonoids and related compounds on NO production in macrophages exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and evaluated the mechanisms of action of the effective compounds. Flavone, the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the flavanone naringenin, and the anthocyanin pelargonidin inhibited iNOS protein and mRNA expression and also NO production in a dose-dependent manner. All eight active compounds inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is a significant transcription factor for iNOS. Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1), another important transcription factor for iNOS. The present study characterises the effects and mechanisms of naturally occurring phenolic compounds on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. The results partially explain the pharmacological efficacy of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory compounds.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Phytoncide in an Animal Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Azra Memon ◽  
Bae Yong Kim ◽  
Se-eun Kim ◽  
Yuliya Pyao ◽  
Yeong-Geun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Phytoncide is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: This study was carried out to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of phytoncide extracts from pinecone waste. Methods: We made two types of animal models to evaluate the efficacy, an indomethacin-induced gastroenteritis rat model and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Result: In the gastroenteritis experiment, the expression of induced-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a marker for inflammation, decreased in the phytoncide-supplemented groups, and gastric ulcer development was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). In the colitis experiment, the shortening of the colon length and the iNOS expression were significantly suppressed in the phytoncide-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, we confirmed that phytoncide can directly inhibit inflammation in digestive organs. Although further research is needed, we conclude that phytoncide has potential anti-inflammatory properties in the digestive tract and can be developed as a functional agent.

scholarly journals Isoquinolinequinone Derivatives from a Marine Sponge (Haliclona sp.) Regulate Inflammation in In Vitro System of Intestine

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yun Kim ◽  
Yeong Ji ◽  
Na-Hyun Kim ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Jung-Rae Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Key Functional Groups ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Using bio-guided fractionation and based on the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), eight isoquinolinequinone derivatives (1–8) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. Among these, methyl O-demethylrenierate (1) is a noble ester, whereas compounds 2 and 3 are new O-demethyl derivatives of known isoquinolinequinones. Compound 8 was assigned as a new 21-dehydroxyrenieramycin F. Anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were tested in a co-culture system of human epithelial Caco-2 and THP-1 macrophages. The isolated derivatives showed variable activities. O-demethyl renierone (5) showed the highest activity, while 3 and 7 showed moderate activities. These bioactive isoquinolinequinones inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma-induced production of NO and PGE2. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs were down-regulated in response to the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. In addition, nuclear translocation was markedly promoted with a subsequent increase in the expression of HO-1. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the hydroxyl group in 3 and 5, and the N-formyl group in 7 may be key functional groups responsible for their anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest the potential use of Haliclona sp. and its metabolites as pharmaceuticals treating inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mRNA expression in weaned piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
B. Shi ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
L. Jin ◽  
Y. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Inos Activity ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

The effects of chitosan on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and gene expression in vivo or vitro were investigated in weaned piglets. In vivo, 180 weaned piglets were assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates. The piglets were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan/kg feed, respectively. In vitro, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a weaned piglet were cultured respectively with 0 (control), 40, 80, 160, and 320 &micro;g chitosan/ml medium. Results showed that serum NO concentrations on days 14 and 28 and iNOS activity on day 28 were quadratically improved with increasing chitosan dose (P &lt; 0.05). The iNOS mRNA expressions were linearly or quadratically enhanced in the duodenum on day 28, and were improved quadratically in the jejunum on days 14 and 28 and in the ileum on day 28 (P &lt; 0.01). In vitro, the NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in unstimulated PBMCs were quadratically enhanced by chitosan, but the improvement of NO concentrations and iNOS activity by chitosan were markedly inhibited by N-(3-[aminomethyl] benzyl) acetamidine (1400w) (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05). Moreover, the increase of NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in PBMCs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were suppressed significantly by chitosan (P &lt; 0.05). The results indicated that the NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in piglets were increased by feeding chitosan in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, chitosan improved the NO production in unstimulated PBMCs but inhibited its production in LPS-induced cells, which exerted bidirectional regulatory effects on the NO production via modulated iNOS activity and mRNA expression.

scholarly journals Effects of Resveratrol on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Glaucomatous Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selom Avotri ◽  
Danita Eatman ◽  
Karen Russell-Randall
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
No Production ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork Cells ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Purpose: Resveratrol (RSV), an antioxidant polyphenol, has demonstrated beneficial effects in various ocular diseases including glaucoma. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of RSV on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 α), in human glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Methods: Western blot was utilized to determine endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS, iNOS) expression. The concentration-related effects of RSV on IL-1 α and NO levels were assessed using the respective ELISA kits. Results: Densitometry data showed concentration-related increases in eNOS, and reduction in iNOS expression at high RSV concentrations. RSV treatment (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µM) resulted in increased NO levels (6 ± 0.7, 7 ± 0.8, 7.3 ± 0.7 and 9.5 ± 1 nM/mg protein, respectively). The average value obtained for control was 4.8 ± 0.6 nM/mg protein. Significant increases in IL-1α levels were observed with lower concentrations of RSV. However, at higher RSV concentrations (10–100 μM), IL-1 levels decreased. Conclusions: Resveratrol increased NO in glaucomatous TM cells, possibly by increasing eNOS expression. Thus, RSV-induced NO production supports the beneficial effects of this antioxidant in glaucoma. Furthermore, our results showing a reduction in iNOS, a contributor to oxidative stress expression, further support RSV’s antioxidant capabilities in vision.

scholarly journals Phytosterols Suppress Phagocytosis and Inhibit Inflammatory Mediators via ERK Pathway on LPS-Triggered Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages and the Correlation with Their Structure

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Shen ◽  
Jia ◽  
Xie
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Phytosterols, found in many commonly consumed foods, exhibit a broad range of physiological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of ergosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ergosterol acetate were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Results showed that all phytosterol compounds alleviated the inflammatory reaction in LPS-induced macrophage models; cell phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and expression and activity of pro-inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) were all inhibited. The anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol was higher than stigmasterol and campesterol, which suggests that phytosterols without a double bond on C-22 and with ethyl on C-24 were more effective. However, inconsistent results were observed upon comparison of ergosterol and ergosterol acetate (hydroxy or ester group on C-3), which suggest that additional research is still needed to ascertain the contribution of structure to their anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of GSK-3βon NF-κB, Nitric Oxide, and TNF-αin Group A Streptococcal Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tzu Chang ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen ◽  
Chiou-Feng Lin ◽  
Shiou-Ling Lu ◽  
Miao-Huei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
No Production ◽  
Group A ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Group A streptococcus (GAS) imposes a great burden on humans. Efforts to minimize the associated morbidity and mortality represent a critical issue. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) is known to regulate inflammatory response in infectious diseases. However, the regulation of GSK-3βin GAS infection is still unknown. The present study investigates the interaction between GSK-3β, NF-κB, and possible related inflammatory mediators in vitro and in a mouse model. The results revealed that GAS could activate NF-κB, followed by an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production in a murine macrophage cell line. Activation of GSK-3βoccurred after GAS infection, and inhibition of GSK-3βreduced iNOS expression and NO production. Furthermore, GSK-3βinhibitors reduced NF-κB activation and subsequent TNF-αproduction, which indicates that GSK-3βacts upstream of NF-κB in GAS-infected macrophages. Similar to the in vitro findings, administration of GSK-3βinhibitor in an air pouch GAS infection mouse model significantly reduced the level of serum TNF-αand improved the survival rate. The inhibition of GSK-3βto moderate the inflammatory effect might be an alternative therapeutic strategy against GAS infection.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources. Methods The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. Results SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Taher ◽  
Tika Afriani ◽  
Annisa Fauzana ◽  
Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Transfer Overcomes the Inhibition of Wound Healing by Sulfur Mustard in a Human Keratinocyte In Vitro Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishida ◽  
Radharaman Ray ◽  
Jack Amnuaysirikul ◽  
Keiko Ishida ◽  
Prabhati Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
No Production ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Inos Gene ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that causes extensive skin injury. Previously we reported that SM exposure resulted in suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression to inhibit the healing of scratch wounds in a cultured normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) model. Based on this finding, the present study was to use adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of iNOS to restore the nitric oxide (NO) supply depleted by exposure to SM and to evaluate the effect of NO on wound healing inhibited by SM in NHEKs. The effect of the iNOS gene transfer on iNOS protein expression and NO generation were monitored by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Wound healing with or without the iNOS gene transfer after SM exposure was assessed by light and confocal microscopy. The iNOS gene transfer via adenovirus resulted in overexpression of the iNOS and an increase in NO production regardless of SM exposure in the NHEK model. The gene transfer was also effective in overcoming the inhibition of wound healing due to SM exposure leading to the promotion of wound closure. The findings in this study suggest that the iNOS gene transfer is a promising therapeutic strategy for SM-induced skin injury.

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