scholarly journals Detachable dissolvable microneedles: intra-epidermal and intradermal diffusion, effect on skin surface, and application in hyperpigmentation treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritsana Sawutdeechaikul ◽  
Silada Kanokrungsee ◽  
Thanyapat Sahaspot ◽  
Kamonwan Thadvibun ◽  
Wijit Banlunara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDelivering bioactive compounds into skin tissue has long been a challenge. Using ex vivo porcine and rat skins, here we demonstrate that a detachable dissolvable microneedle (DDMN) array, a special dissolvable microneedle that allows needle detachment from the base within 2 min post administration, can effectively embed a model compound into epidermis and dermis. Diffusion of the compound from the needle embedding sites to the nearby skin tissue is demonstrated at various post administration periods. The relationship between the time that a conventional dissolvable microneedle array is left on skin without needle detachment from the base and the degree of skin surface abrasion at each microneedle penetration spot is also demonstrated on skin of human volunteers. Co-loading glutathione with vitamin C (vitC) can stabilize vitC in the DDMN. DDMN loaded with vitC and glutathione can help erasing post-acne-hyperpigmentation spots.

scholarly journals Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles: Intra-epidermal and Intradermal Diffusion, Effect on Skin Surface, and Application in Hyperpigmentation Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritsana Sawutdeechaikul ◽  
Silada Kanokrungsee ◽  
Thanyapat Sahaspot ◽  
Kamonwan Thadvibun ◽  
Wijit Banlunara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Delivering bioactive compounds into skin tissue has long been a challenge. Using ex vivo porcine and rat skins, here we demonstrate that a detachable dissolvable microneedle (DDMN) array, a special dissolvable microneedle that allows needle detachment from the base within 2 min post administration, can effectively embed a model compound into epidermis and dermis. Diffusion of the compound from the needle embedding sites to the nearby skin tissue is demonstrated at various post administration periods. The relationship between the time that a conventional dissolvable microneedle array is left on skin without needle detachment from the base and the degree of skin surface abrasion at each microneedle penetration spot is also demonstrated on skin of human volunteers. Co-loading glutathione with vitamin C (vitC) can stabilize vitC in the DDMN. DDMN loaded with vitC and glutathione can help erasing post-acne-hyperpigmentation spots.

The Relationship Between Antioxidant Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in Older People

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Ortega ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
Aparicio ◽  
Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a "precise individual weighing" method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; Cl: 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; Cl: 0.01–0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of < 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of > 183 mg/day (P95) (p < 0.01). Subjects who consumed > 3290 μg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; Cl: 0.007–1.084; p < 0.05) than those whose consumption was < 256 μg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; Cl: 0.91–0.99; p < 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.

Further Studies on the Mechanisms for the Antithrombotic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Rabbits

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Ofosu ◽  
F Fernandez ◽  
N Anvari ◽  
C Caranobe ◽  
F Dol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Pentosan Polysulfate ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Thrombin Inhibition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prothrombin Activation

SummaryA recent study (Fernandez et al., Thromb. Haemostas. 1987; 57: 286-93) demonstrated that when rabbits were injected with the minimum weight of a variety of glycosaminoglycans required to inhibit tissue factor-induced thrombus formation by —80%, exogenous thrombin was inactivated —twice as fast in the post-treatment plasmas as the pre-treatment plasmas. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and the extent of thrombin inhibition ex vivo. We also investigated the relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and inhibition of prothrombin activation ex vivo. Four sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) which influence coagulation in a variety of ways were used in this study. Unfractionated heparin and the fraction of heparin with high affinity to antithrombin III potentiate the antiproteinase activity of antithrombin III. Pentosan polysulfate potentiates the activity of heparin cofactor II. At less than 10 pg/ml of plasma, all three SPS also inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation. The fourth agent, dermatan sulfate, potentiates the activity of heparin cofactor II but fails to inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation even at concentrations which exceed 60 pg/ml of plasma. Inhibition of thrombus formation by each sulfated polysaccharides was linearly related to the extent of thrombin inhibition achieved ex vivo. These observations confirm the utility of catalysis of thrombin inhibition as an index for assessing antithrombotic potential of glycosaminoglycans and other sulfated polysaccharides in rabbits. With the exception of pentosan polysulfate, there was no clear relationship between inhibition of thrombus formation and inhibition of prothrombin activation ex vivo.

Plasminogen Depletion during Streptokinase Treatment or Two-Chain Urokinase Incubation Correlates with Decreased Clot Lysability Ex Vivo and In Vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0998-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll T Önundarson ◽  
H Magnús Haraldsson ◽  
Lena Bergmann ◽  
Charles W Francis ◽  
Victor J Marder
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Thrombolytic Treatment ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between lytic state variables and ex vivo clot lysability was investigated in blood drawn from patients during streptokinase administration for acute myocardial infarction. A lytic state was already evident after 5 min of treatment and after 20 min the plasminogen concentration had decreased to 24%, antiplasmin to 7% and fibrinogen 0.2 g/1. Lysis of radiolabeled retracted clots in the patient plasmas decreased from 37 ± 8% after 5 min to 21 ± 8% at 10 min and was significantly lower (8 ± 9%, p <0.005) in samples drawn at 20, 40 and 80 min. Clot lysability correlated positively with the plasminogen concentration (r = 0.78, p = 0.003), but not with plasmin activity. Suspension of radiolabeled clots in normal plasma pre-exposed to 250 U/ml two-chain urokinase for varying time to induce an in vitro lytic state was also associated with decreasing clot lysability in direct proportion with the duration of prior plasma exposure to urokinase. The decreased lysability correlated with the time-dependent reduction in plasminogen concentration (r = 0.88, p <0.0005). Thus, clot lysability decreases in conjunction with the development of the lytic state and the associated plasminogen depletion. The lytic state may therefore limit reperfusion during thrombolytic treatment.

Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Hirudin Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Nurmohamed ◽  
René J Berckmans ◽  
Willy M Morriën-Salomons ◽  
Fenny Berends ◽  
Daan W Hommes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground. Recombinant hirudin (RH) is a new anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. To which extent the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is suitable for monitoring of RH has not been properly evaluated. Recently, a capillary whole blood device was developed for bed-side monitoring of the APTT and it was demonstrated that this device was suitable to monitor heparin therapy. However, monitoring of RH was not evaluated.Study Objectives. To evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the responsiveness and reproducibility for hirudin monitoring of the whole blood monitor and of plasma APTT assays, which were performed with several reagents and two conventional coagulometers.Results. Large interindividual differences in hirudin responsiveness were noted in both the in vitro and the ex vivo experiments. The relationship between the APTT, expressed as clotting time or ratio of initial and prolonged APTT, and the hirudin concentration was nonlinear. A 1.5-fold increase of the clotting times was obtained at 150-200 ng/ml plasma. However, only a 2-fold increase was obtained at hirudin levels varying from 300 ng to more than 750 ng RH/ml plasma regardless of the assays. The relationship linearized upon logarithmic conversion of the ratio and the hirudin concentration. Disregarding the interindividual differences, and presuming full linearity of the relationship, all combinations were equally responsive to hirudin.Conclusions. All assays were equally responsive to hirudin. Levels up to 300 ng/ml plasma can be reliably estimated with each assay. The manual device may be preferable in situations where rapid availability of test results is necessary.

scholarly journals The Use of a Micro Near Infrared Portable Instrument to Predict Bioactive Compounds in a Wild Harvested Fruit—Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Eshetu Bobasa ◽  
Anh Dao T. Phan ◽  
Michael Netzel ◽  
Heather E. Smyth ◽  
Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Quantification ◽  
Kakadu Plum ◽  
Terminalia Ferdinandiana

Kakadu plum (KP; Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell, Combretaceae) is an emergent indigenous fruit originating from Northern Australia, with valuable health and nutritional characteristics and properties (e.g., high levels of vitamin C and ellagic acid). In recent years, the utilization of handheld NIR instruments has allowed for the in situ quantification of a wide range of bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a handheld NIR spectrophotometer to measure vitamin C and ellagic acid in wild harvested KP fruit samples. Whole and pureed fruit samples were collected from two locations in the Kimberley region (Western Australia, Australia) and were analysed using both reference and NIR methods. The standard error in cross validation (SECV) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) values were 1.81% dry matter (DM) with an RPD of 2.1, and 3.8 mg g−1 DM with an RPD of 1.9 for the prediction of vitamin C and ellagic acid, respectively, in whole KP fruit. The SECV and RPD values were 1.73% DM with an RPD of 2.2, and 5.6 mg g−1 DM with an RPD of 1.3 for the prediction of vitamin C and ellagic acid, respectively, in powdered KP samples. The results of this study demonstrated the ability of a handheld NIR instrument to predict vitamin C and ellagic acid in whole and pureed KP fruit samples. Although the RPD values obtained were not considered adequate to quantify these bioactive compounds (e.g., analytical quantification), this technique can be used as a rapid tool to screen vitamin C in KP fruit samples for high and low quality vitamin C.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Lonicera caerulea Berries: Evaluation of 11 Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Juozas Labokas ◽  
Ina Jasutienė ◽  
Antanas Šarkinas ◽  
Vilma Kaškonienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The aim of the study was to evaluate 11 cultivars of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and the antibacterial activity of berries. Total phenolic contents (TPCs) and total anthocyanin contents (TACs) were established by using ethanolic extracts. For contents of organic acids and saccharides, aqueous extracts were used, and vitamin C was determined by using oxalic acid solution. DPPH• radical scavenging capacity was evaluated by using ethanolic extracts; antibacterial activity was assessed by using both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The TPC varied from 364.02 ± 0.41 mg/100 g in ‘Vostorg’ to 784.5 ± 0.3 mg/100 g in ‘Obilnaja’, and TAC ranged from 277.8 ± 1.1 mg/100 g in ‘Čelnočnaja’ to 394.1 ± 8.4 mg/100 g in ‘Nimfa’. Anthocyanins comprised 53.8% of total phenolic contents on average. Among organic acids, citric acid was predominant, averaging 769.41 ± 5.34 mg/100 g, with malic and quinic acids amounting to 289.90 ± 2.64 and 45.00 ± 0.37 mg/100 g on average, respectively. Contents of vitamin C were 34.26 ± 0.25 mg/100 g on average. Organic acids were most effective in the inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. In conclusion, berries of L. caerulea are beneficial not only for fresh consumption, but also as a raw material or ingredients of foods with high health-promoting value.

scholarly journals Effect of Adding Resistant Maltodextrin to Pasteurized Orange Juice on Bioactive Compounds and Their Bioaccessibility

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Elías Arilla ◽  
Purificación García-Segovia ◽  
Javier Martínez-Monzó ◽  
Pilar Codoñer-Franch ◽  
Marta Igual
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Resistant Maltodextrin

Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is a water-soluble and fermentable functional fiber. RMD is a satiating prebiotic, reducer of glucose and triglycerides in the blood, and promoter of good gut health, and its addition to food is increasingly frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to study its potential effects on intrinsic bioactive compounds of food and their bioaccessibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding RMD on the bioactive compounds of pasteurized orange juice with and without pulp, and the bioaccessibility of such compounds. RMD was added at different concentrations: 0 (control sample), 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin C were analyzed using HPLC, whereas total phenols, total carotenoids (TC), and antioxidant capacity were measured using spectrophotometry. After that, sample in vitro digestibility was assessed using the standardized static in vitro digestion method. The control orange juice with pulp presented significantly higher values of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity than the control orange juice without pulp (p < 0.05). RMD addition before the juice pasteurization process significantly protected all bioactive compounds, namely total phenols, TC, AA, and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant capacity (AC) (p < 0.05). Moreover, this bioactive compound protective effect was higher when higher RMD concentrations were added. However, RMD addition improved phenols and vitamin C bioaccessibility but decreased TC and AA bioaccessibility. Therefore, the AC value of samples after gastrointestinal digestion was slightly decreased by RMD addition. Moreover, orange pulp presence decreased total phenols and TC bioaccessibility but increased AA and vitamin C bioaccessibility.

scholarly journals Impact of High-Pressure Homogenization Parameters on Physicochemical Characteristics, Bioactive Compounds Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Blackcurrant Juice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kruszewski ◽  
Katarzyna Zawada ◽  
Piotr Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization

High-pressure homogenization (HPH) is one of the food-processing methods being tested for use in food preservation as an alternative to pasteurization. The effects of the HPH process on food can vary depending on the process parameters used and product characteristics. The study aimed to investigate the effect of pressure, the number of passes, and the inlet temperature of HPH processing on the quality of cloudy blackcurrant juice as an example of food rich in bioactive compounds. For this purpose, the HPH treatment (pressure of 50, 150, and 220 MPa; one, three, and five passes; inlet temperature at 4 and 20 °C) and the pasteurization of the juice were performed. Titratable acidity, pH, turbidity, anthocyanin, vitamin C, and total phenolics content, as well as colour, and antioxidant activity were measured. Heat treatment significantly decreased the quality of the juice. For processing of the juice, the best were the combinations of the following: one pass, the inlet temperature of 4 °C, any of the used pressures (50, 150, and 220 MPa); and one pass, the inlet temperature of 20 °C, and the pressure of 150 MPa. Vitamin C and anthocyanin degradation have been reported during the HPH. The multiple passes of the juice through the machine were only beneficial in increasing the antioxidant capacity but negatively affected the colour stability.

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