scholarly journals Printable graphene BioFETs for DNA quantification in Lab-on-PCB microsystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Papamatthaiou ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
Despina Moschou
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Transistor Channel ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Passive Electrode ◽  
On Chip

AbstractLab-on-Chip is a technology that aims to transform the Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostics field; nonetheless a commercial production compatible technology is yet to be established. Lab-on-Printed Circuit Board (Lab-on-PCB) is currently considered as a promising candidate technology for cost-aware but simultaneously high specification applications, requiring multi-component microsystem implementations, due to its inherent compatibility with electronics and the long-standing industrial manufacturing basis. In this work, we demonstrate the first electrolyte gated field-effect transistor (FET) DNA biosensor implemented on commercially fabricated PCB in a planar layout. Graphene ink was drop-casted to form the transistor channel and PNA probes were immobilized on the graphene channel, enabling label-free DNA detection. It is shown that the sensor can selectively detect the complementary DNA sequence, following a fully inkjet-printing compatible manufacturing process. The results demonstrate the potential for the effortless integration of FET sensors into Lab-on-PCB diagnostic platforms, paving the way for even higher sensitivity quantification than the current Lab-on-PCB state-of-the-art of passive electrode electrochemical sensing. The substitution of such biosensors with our presented FET structures, promises further reduction of the time-to-result in microsystems combining sequential DNA amplification and detection modules to few minutes, since much fewer amplification cycles are required even for low-abundance nucleic acid targets.

scholarly journals In-Situ Integration of 3D C-MEMS Microelectrodes with Bipolar Exfoliated Graphene for Label-Free Electrochemical Cancer Biomarkers Aptasensor

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Forouzanfar ◽  
Nezih Pala ◽  
Chunlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Electrochemical Label ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
On Chip

The electrochemical label-free aptamer-based biosensors (also known as aptasensors) are highly suitable for point-of-care applications. The well-established C-MEMS (carbon microelectromechanical systems) platforms have distinguishing features which are highly suitable for biosensing applications such as low background noise, high capacitance, high stability when exposed to different physical/chemical treatments, biocompatibility, and good electrical conductivity. This study investigates the integration of bipolar exfoliated (BPE) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes for developing PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) label-free aptasensors. A simple setup has been used for exfoliation, reduction, and deposition of rGO on the 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes based on the principle of bipolar electrochemistry of graphite in deionized water. The electrochemical bipolar exfoliation of rGO resolves the drawbacks of commonly applied methods for synthesis and deposition of rGO, such as requiring complicated and costly processes, excessive use of harsh chemicals, and complex subsequent deposition procedures. The PDGF-BB affinity aptamers were covalently immobilized by binding amino-tag terminated aptamers and rGO surfaces. The turn-off sensing strategy was implemented by measuring the areal capacitance from CV plots. The aptasensor showed a wide linear range of 1 pM–10 nM, high sensitivity of 3.09 mF cm−2 Logc−1 (unit of c, pM), and a low detection limit of 0.75 pM. This study demonstrated the successful and novel in-situ deposition of BPE-rGO on 3D C-MEMS microelectrodes. Considering the BPE technique’s simplicity and efficiency, along with the high potential of C-MEMS technology, this novel procedure is highly promising for developing high-performance graphene-based viable lab-on-chip and point-of-care cancer diagnosis technologies.

scholarly journals Toward a fully integrated automotive radar system-on-chip in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philipp Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
On Chip

Abstract Next-generation automotive radar sensors are increasingly becoming sensitive to cost and size, which will leverage monolithically integrated radar system-on-Chips (SoC). This article discusses the challenges and the opportunities of the integration of the millimeter-wave frontend along with the digital backend. A 76–81 GHz radar SoC is presented as an evaluation vehicle for an automotive, fully depleted silicon-over-insulator 22 nm CMOS technology. It features a digitally controlled oscillator, 2-millimeter-wave transmit channels and receive channels, an analog base-band with analog-to-digital conversion as well as a digital signal processing unit with on-chip memory. The radar SoC evaluation chip is packaged and flip-chip mounted to a high frequency printed circuit board for functional demonstration and performance evaluation.

scholarly journals A Novel Microfluidic Point-of-Care Biosensor System on Printed Circuit Board for Cytokine Detection

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Evans ◽  
Konstantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Nikolaos Vasilakis ◽  
Panagiotis Pantelidis ◽  
Peter Kelleher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Cytokine Detection ◽  
Biosensor System

Point of Care (PoC) diagnostics have been the subject of considerable research over the last few decades driven by the pressure to detect diseases quickly and effectively and reduce healthcare costs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, fully integrated, microfluidic amperometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prototype using a commercial interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) as a model antibody binding system. Microfluidic assay chemistry was engineered to take place on Au-plated electrodes within an assay cell on a printed circuit board (PCB)-based biosensor system. The assay cell is linked to an electrochemical reporter cell comprising microfluidic architecture, Au working and counter electrodes and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all manufactured exclusively via standard commercial PCB fabrication processes. Assay chemistry has been optimised for microfluidic diffusion kinetics to function under continual flow. We characterised the electrode integrity of the developed platforms with reference to biological sampling and buffer composition and subsequently we demonstrated concentration-dependent measurements of H2O2 depletion as resolved by existing FDA-validated ELISA kits. Finally, we validated the assay technology in both buffer and serum and demonstrate limits of detection comparable to high-end commercial systems with the addition of full microfluidic assay architecture capable of returning diagnostic analyses in approximately eight minutes.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of SOC-Based Noncontact-Type Level Sensing for Conductive and Nonconductive Liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. L. Mazher Iqbal ◽  
Munagapati Siva Kishore ◽  
Arulkumaran Ganeshan ◽  
G. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
System On Chip ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
On Chip

In contrast to the existing electromechanical systems, the noncontact-type capacitive measurement allows for a chemically and mechanically isolated, continuous, and inherently wear-free measurement. Integration of the sensor directly into the container’s wall offers considerable savings potential because of miniaturization and installation efforts. This paper presents the implementation of noncontact (NC)-type level sensing techniques utilizing the Programmable System on Chip (PSoC). The hardware system developed based on the PSoC microcontroller is interfaced with capacitive-based printed circuit board (PCB) strip. The designer has the choice of placing the sensors directly on the container or close to it. This sensor technology can measure both the conductive and nonconductive liquids with equal accuracy.

Optimized High Power GaN Transistors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (HiTEN) ◽  
pp. 000195-000199
Author(s):  
J. Roberts ◽  
A. Mizan ◽  
L. Yushyna
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Die Structure ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Very High

GaN transistors intended for use at 600–900 V and that are capable of providing of 30–100 A are being introduced this year. These devices have a substantially better switching Figure-of-Merit (FOM) than silicon power switches. Rapid market acceptance is expected leading to compound annual growth rates of 85 %. However these devices present new packaging challenges. Their high speed combined with the very high current being switched demands that very low inductance packaging must be combined with highly controlled drive circuitry. While convention, and the usually vertical power device die structure, has largely determined power transistor package formats in the past, the lateral nature of the today GaN devices requires the use of new package types. The new packages have to operate at high temperatures while providing effective heat removal, low inductance, and low series resistance. Because GaN devices are lateral they require the package metal tracks to be integrated within the on-chip tracks to carry the current away from the thin on-chip metal tracks. The new GaN devices are available in two formats: one for use in embedded modular assemblies and the other for use mounted upon conventional circuit board systems. The package intended for discrete printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies has a top side cooling option that simplifies the thermal interface to the heat sink. The paper describes the die layout including the added copper tracks. The corresponding package elements that interface directly with the surface of the die play a vital role in terms of the current handling. They also provide the interface to the external busbars that allow the package to be mounted within, or on PCB. The assembly has been subject to extensive thermal analysis and the performance of a 30 A, 650 V transistor is described.

Point-of-Care Systems for Rapid DNA Quantification in Oncology

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bianchessi ◽  
Sarah Burgarella ◽  
Marco Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Point Of Care Systems ◽  
The Common ◽  
On Chip

The development of new powerful applications and the improvement in fabrication techniques are promising an explosive growth in lab-on-chip use in the upcoming future. As the demand reaches significant levels, the semiconductor industry may enter in the field, bringing its capability to produce complex devices in large volumes, high quality and low cost. The lab-on-chip concept, when applied to medicine, leads to the point-of-care concept, where simple, compact and cheap instruments allow diagnostic assays to be performed quickly by untrained personnel directly at the patient's side. In this paper, some practical and economical considerations are made to support the advantages of point-of-care testing. A series of promising technologies developed by STMicroelectronics on lab-on-chips is also presented, mature enough to enter in the common medical practice. The possible use of these techniques for cancer research, diagnosis and treatment are illustrated together with the benefits offered by their implementation in point-of-care testing.

A low-cost, label-free DNA detection method in lab-on-chip format based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities, with application to long-range PCR

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Lemine Youba Diakité ◽  
Jerôme Champ ◽  
Stephanie Descroix ◽  
Laurent Malaquin ◽  
François Amblard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Chip Format ◽  
Long Range Pcr ◽  
On Chip

Nanomonitor Technology for Glycosylation Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chatterjee ◽  
Manish Bothara ◽  
Srivatsa Aithal ◽  
Vinay J Nagraj ◽  
Peter Wiktor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Alumina Membrane

AbstractChanges in protein glycosylation have great potential as markers for the early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The current analytical tools for the analysis of glycan structures need expensive instrumentation, advanced expertise, is time consuming and therefore not practical for routine screening of glycan biomarkers from human samples in a clinical setting.We are developing a novel ultrasensitive diagnostic platform called ‘NanoMonitor’ to enable rapid label-free glycosylation analysis. The technology is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy where capacitance changes are measured at the electrical double layer interface as a result of interaction of two molecules.The NanoMonitor platform consists of a printed circuit board with array of electrodes forming multiple sensor spots. Each sensor spot is overlaid with a nanoporous alumina membrane that forms a high density of nanowells. Lectins, proteins that bind to and recognize specific glycan structures, are conjugated to the surface of nanowells. When specific glycoproteins from a test sample bind to lectins in the nanowells, it produces a perturbation to the electrical double layer at the solid/liquid interface at the base of each nanowell. This perturbation results in a change in the impedance of the double layer which is dominated by the capacitance changes within the electrical double layer.The nanoscale confinement or crowding of biological macromolecules within the nanowells is likely to enhance signals from the interaction of glycoproteins with the lectins leading to a high sensitivity of detection with the NanoMonitor as compared to other electrochemical techniques.Using a panel of lectins, we were able to detect subtle changes in the glycosylation of fetuin protein as well as differentiate glycoproteins from normal versus cancerous cells. Our results indicate that NanoMonitor can be used as a cost-effective miniature electronic biosensor for the detection of glycan biomarkers.

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