scholarly journals Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bel Lassen ◽  
Eugeni Belda ◽  
Edi Prifti ◽  
Maria Carlota Dao ◽  
Florian Specque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInteractions between diet and gut microbiota are critical regulators of energy metabolism. The effects of fibre intake have been deeply studied but little is known about the impact of proteins. Here, we investigated the effects of high protein supplementation (Investigational Product, IP) in a double blind, randomised placebo-controled intervention study (NCT01755104) where 107 participants received the IP or an isocaloric normoproteic comparator (CP) alongside a mild caloric restriction. Gut microbiota profiles were explored in a patient subset (n = 53) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Visceral fat decreased in both groups (IP group: − 20.8 ± 23.2 cm2; CP group: − 14.5 ± 24.3 cm2) with a greater reduction (p < 0.05) with the IP supplementation in the Per Protocol population. Microbial diversity increased in individuals with a baseline low gene count (p < 0.05). The decrease in weight, fat mass and visceral fat mass significantly correlated with the increase in microbial diversity (p < 0.05). Protein supplementation had little effects on bacteria composition but major differences were seen at functional level. Protein supplementation stimulated bacterial amino acid metabolism (90% amino-acid synthesis functions enriched with IP versus 13% in CP group (p < 0.01)). Protein supplementation alongside a mild energy restriction induces visceral fat mass loss and an activation of gut microbiota amino-acid metabolism.Clinical trial registration: NCT01755104 (24/12/2012). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01755104?term=NCT01755104&draw=2&rank=1.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates Glycemic Disorder in Mice With High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyuan Yang ◽  
Bangjian Dong ◽  
Lijun An ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb1 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Impact

Accumulating evidences suggested an association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and impaired glycemic control. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a biologically active substance of ginseng, which serves anti-diabetic effects. However, its working mechanism especially interaction with gut microbes remains elusive in detail. In this study, we investigated the impact of Rb1 oral supplementation on high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity mice, and explored its mechanism in regulating blood glucose. The results showed that higher liver weight and lower cecum weight were observed in HFD fed mice, which was maintained by Rb1 administration. In addition, Rb1 ameliorated HFD induced blood lipid abnormality and improved insulin sensitivity. Several mRNA expressions in the liver were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, of which UCP2, Nr1H4, and Fiaf were reversed by Rb1 treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that Rb1 significantly altered gut microbiota composition and increased the abundance of mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia spp. compared to HFD mice. As suggested via functional prediction, amino acid metabolism was modulated by Rb1 supplementation. Subsequent serum amino acids investigation indicated that several diabetes associated amino acids, like branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan and alanine, were altered in company with Rb1 supplementation. Moreover, correlation analysis firstly implied that the circulation level of alanine was related to Akkermansia spp.. In summary, Rb1 supplementation improved HFD induced insulin resistance in mice, and was associated with profound changes in microbial composition and amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus frumenti mediates energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver of early-weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichang Wang ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Wenyong Zheng ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xinkai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Weaned Piglets

Abstract Background Early-weaning of piglets is often accompanied by severe disorders, especially diarrhea. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a critical role in the maintenance of the physiologic and metabolic homeostasis of the host. Our previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of Lactobacillus frumenti improves epithelial barrier functions and confers diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets. However, the metabolic response to L. frumenti administration remains unclear. Then, we conducted simultaneous serum and hepatic metabolomic analyses in early-weaned piglets administered by L. frumenti or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Results A total of 100 6-day-old crossbred piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two groups and piglets received PBS (sterile, 2 mL) or L. frumenti (suspension in PBS, 108 CFU/mL, 2 mL) by oral administration once per day from 6 to 20 days of age. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age. Serum and liver samples for metabolomic analyses were collected at 26 days of age. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that L. frumenti altered metabolism in serum and liver. Numerous correlations (P < 0.05) were identified among the serum and liver metabolites that were affected by L. frumenti. Concentrations of guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), and uric acid were higher in serum of L. frumenti administration piglets. Pathway analysis indicated that L. frumenti regulated fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in serum and liver. Concentrations of fatty acid β-oxidation related metabolites in serum (such as 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, C4-OH) and liver (such as acetylcarnitine) were increased after L. frumenti administration. Conclusions Our findings suggest that L. frumenti regulates lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the liver of early-weaned piglets, where it promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and energy production. High serum concentrations of nucleotide intermediates, which may be an alternative strategy to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in early-weaned piglets, were further detected. These findings broaden our understanding of the relationships between the gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in the early-weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Impact of Classical Strain Improvement of Penicillium rubens on Amino Acid Metabolism during β-Lactam Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Ciprian G. Crismaru ◽  
Oleksandr Salo ◽  
Roel A. L. Bovenberg ◽  
Arnold J. M. Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Tryptophan Synthase ◽  
Cysteine Biosynthesis ◽  
Penicillin Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Classical Strain ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT To produce high levels of β-lactams, the filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens (previously named Penicillium chrysogenum) has been subjected to an extensive classical strain improvement (CSI) program during the last few decades. This has led to the accumulation of many mutations that were spread over the genome. Detailed analysis reveals that several mutations targeted genes that encode enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, in particular biosynthesis of l-cysteine, one of the amino acids used for β-lactam production. To examine the impact of the mutations on enzyme function, the respective genes with and without the mutations were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and enzymatically analyzed. Mutations severely impaired the activities of a threonine and serine deaminase, and this inactivates metabolic pathways that compete for l-cysteine biosynthesis. Tryptophan synthase, which converts l-serine into l-tryptophan, was inactivated by a mutation, whereas a mutation in 5-aminolevulinate synthase, which utilizes glycine, was without an effect. Importantly, CSI caused increased expression levels of a set of genes directly involved in cysteine biosynthesis. These results suggest that CSI has resulted in improved cysteine biosynthesis by the inactivation of the enzymatic conversions that directly compete for resources with the cysteine biosynthetic pathway, consistent with the notion that cysteine is a key component during penicillin production. IMPORTANCE Penicillium rubens is an important industrial producer of β-lactam antibiotics. High levels of penicillin production were enforced through extensive mutagenesis during a classical strain improvement (CSI) program over 70 years. Several mutations targeted amino acid metabolism and resulted in enhanced l-cysteine biosynthesis. This work provides a molecular explanation for the interrelation between secondary metabolite production and amino acid metabolism and how classical strain improvement has resulted in improved production strains.

scholarly journals Identification of the relationship between the gut microbiome and feed efficiency in a commercial pig cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Shaoming Fang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Congying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Feed efficiency is an economically important trait in pig production. Gut microbiota plays an important role in energy harvest, nutrient metabolism and fermentation of dietary indigestible components. Whether and which gut microbes affect feed efficiency in pigs are largely unknown. Here, a total of 208 healthy Duroc pigs were used as experimental materials. Feces and serum samples were collected at the age of 140d. We first performed 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing analysis to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and porcine residual feed intake (RFI). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis detected 21 OTUs showing the tendency to correlation with the RFI (P &lt; 0.01). Metagenomic sequencing further identified that the members of Clostridiales, e.g. Ruminococcus flavefaoiens, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28-4 and Lachnospiraceae phytofermentans, were enriched in pigs with low RFI (high feed efficiency), while 11 bacterial species including five Prevotella spp., especially, the Prevotella copri, had higher abundance in pigs with high RFI. Functional capacity analysis suggested that the gut microbiome of low RFI pigs had high abundance of the pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis, but low abundance of the pathways associated with monosaccharide metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Serum metabolome and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by UPLC-QTOF/MS and gas chromatograph, respectively. Propionic acid in feces and the serum metabolites related to amino acid metabolism were negatively correlated with the RFI. The results from this study may provide potential gut microbial biomarkers that could be used for improving feed efficiency in pig production industry.

scholarly journals Trophic cooperation promotes bacterial survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Camus ◽  
Paul Briaud ◽  
Sylvère Bastien ◽  
Sylvie Elsen ◽  
Anne Doléans-Jordheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the context of infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are frequently co-isolated, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Within lungs, the two pathogens exhibit a range of competitive and coexisting interactions. In the present study, we explored the impact of S. aureus on the physiology of P. aeruginosa in the context of coexistence. Transcriptomic analyses showed that S. aureus significantly and specifically affects the expression of numerous genes involved in P. aeruginosa carbon and amino acid metabolism. In particular, 65% of the strains presented considerable overexpression of the genes involved in the acetoin catabolic (aco) pathway. We demonstrated that acetoin is (i) produced by clinical S. aureus strains, (ii) detected in sputa from CF patients, and (iii) involved in P. aeruginosa’s aco system induction. Furthermore, acetoin is catabolized by P. aeruginosa, a metabolic process that improves the survival of both pathogens by providing a new carbon source for P. aeruginosa and avoiding the toxic accumulation of acetoin on S. aureus. Due to its beneficial effects on both bacteria, acetoin catabolism could testify to the establishment of trophic cooperation between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in the CF lung environment, thus promoting their persistence.

The Association of Gut Microbiota with Osteoporosis is Mediated by Amino Acid Metabolism: Multiomics in a Large Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-wen Ling ◽  
Zelei Miao ◽  
Mian-li Xiao ◽  
Hongwei Zhou ◽  
Zengliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Serum Metabolomics

Abstract Context Several small studies have suggested that the gut microbiome might influence osteoporosis, but there is little evidence from human metabolomics studies to explain this association. Objective This study examined the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with osteoporosis and explored the potential pathways through which this association occurs using faecal and serum metabolomics. Methods We analysed the composition of the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA profiling and bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1776 community-based adults. Targeted metabolomics in faeces (15 categories) and serum (12 categories) were further analysed in 971 participants using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results This study showed that osteoporosis was related to the beta diversity, taxonomy and functional composition of the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Actinobacillus, Blautia, Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium was positively associated with osteoporosis. However, Veillonellaceae other, Collinsella and Ruminococcaceae other were inversely associated with the presence of osteoporosis. The association between microbiota biomarkers and osteoporosis was related to levels of peptidases and transcription machinery in microbial function. Faecal and serum metabolomics analyses suggested that tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation were significantly linked to the identified microbiota biomarkers and to osteoporosis, respectively. Conclusion This large population-based study provided robust evidence connecting gut dysbiosis, faecal metabolomics and serum metabolomics with osteoporosis. Our results suggest that gut dysbiosis and amino acid metabolism could be targets for intervention in osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota development in mice is affected by hydrogen peroxide produced from amino acid metabolism during lactation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 3343-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Shigeno ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
Taihei Banno ◽  
Kento Usuda ◽  
Tomonori Nochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism
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