scholarly journals Improving the sustainability of biodiesel by using imidazolium-based ionic liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Deyab ◽  
Q. Mohsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Fuel Tanks

AbstractCorrosion of biodiesel-filled fuel tanks has become a major problem in the use of biodiesel as a new green energy source. The ionic liquid 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C10H19N2]+[C2F6NO4S2]− was used to control corrosion of C-steel in non-edible biodiesel to resolve this problem. The anti-corrosion and antioxidant properties of the [C10H19N2]+[C2F6NO4S2]− were characterized using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, total acid number measurements beside SEM and EDX analysis. The findings show that [C10H19N2]+[C2F6NO4S2]− plays an important role in preventing C-steel corrosion in biodiesel with an efficiency close to 99 percent. The adsorption capability and antioxidant properties of [C10H19N2]+[C2F6NO4S2]− are the major contributors to the ionic liquid's anti-corrosion properties. We anticipate that this work will help to sustainable expand the use of biodiesel as a renewable energy source.

scholarly journals Continuous desalting concept on ionic liquid-mediated de-acidification process of crude oil: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
A Hussain ◽  
J Basar
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Desalting process concept was tested using methyltrimethylammonium methylcarbonate [N4441][MeCO3] treated Pyrenees crude oil (initial Total Acid Number (TAN) of 1.6 mg KOH/g oil) with the aim to gain empirical evidences on the effectiveness of in-line water washing and electrostatic aided phase separation as mean to recover the naphthenic acid derivatives for recycling. The treated crude oil (final TAN value of less than 0.3 mg KOH/g oil) was subjected to typical operating scheme such as single stage desalting and effects of water wash volumes. The novelty of the work comes from the utilisation of ionic liquids to neutralise acid components of the crude oil. Furthermore, the work is also able to test the hypothesis of whether naphthenate salts behave as is its inorganic counterpart and quantify the solubility behaviour in water as extraction medium. The effectiveness of such scheme will be measured against naphthenic acids derivative percent recovery in the wash water. The results indicate the electrostatic conditions can facilitate the recovery of the naphthenate salts post neutralization with high recovery rate of average of 70.6 % with 30 % water wash volume in a single-stage contact, observed over 12 hours steady-state operation. The water wash weight was observed to increase post separation which indicate hydrocarbon carry-over in the heavy phase due to formation of tight water – oil emulsion. The technique is viable should the amount of water required is available and the process water can be recycled safely into the desalter again without causing tripping to the desalter. Ionic liquid can be used in conjunction with desalter and the presence of electrostatic field did hasten the separation of the phases, however the amount of water used may hinder the viability of the solution.

Development and characterisation of multifunctional composite coatings using bio-based additives

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Ong ◽  
Ammar Shafaamri ◽  
Iling Aema Wonnie Ma ◽  
Ramesh Kasi ◽  
Ramesh Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the bio-composite organic coatings by adding the bio-based additives that are extracted from banana peels and henna leaves as the organic corrosion inhibitors. Design/methodology/approach Bioactive constituents with inhibition properties are extracted from banana peels and henna leaves by using ethanol to form the ethanolic extract. The inhibiting efficiency of these bioactive constituents on mild steel corrosion in 3.5% sodium hydroxide (NaCl) solution is investigated. The investigation is performed using electrochemical impedance studies for 30 days. The optical and adhesive properties of the bio-composite coating systems have also been studied. Findings The best protection is obtained as the loading ratio of the banana peels ethanolic extract (BPEE) and henna leaves ethanolic extract (HLEE) are 10 Wt.% and 30 Wt.%, respectively. Overall, the results obtained show that the BPEE and HLEE not only enhance the optical properties but also can serve as an effective inhibitor for corrosion without affecting the adhesiveness of the neat acrylic properties. Originality/value Banana peels and henna leaves consist of bioactive constituents that have anti-corrosion properties which could inhibit corrosion.

scholarly journals Characterizing Steel Corrosion in Different Alkali-Activated Mortars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7366
Author(s):  
Nina Gartner ◽  
Miha Hren ◽  
Tadeja Kosec ◽  
Andraž Legat
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Reinforcing Bar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) present a promising potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The service life of reinforced concrete structures depends greatly on the corrosion resistance of the steel used for reinforcement. Due to the wide range and diverse properties of AAMs, the corrosion processes of steel in these materials is still relatively unknown. Three different alkali-activated mortar mixes, based on fly ash, slag, or metakaolin, were prepared for this research. An ordinary carbon-steel reinforcing bar was installed in each of the mortar mixes. In order to study the corrosion properties of steel in the selected mortars, the specimens were exposed to a saline solution in wet/dry cycles for 17 weeks, and periodic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed. The propagation of corrosion damage on the embedded steel bars was followed using X-ray computed microtomography (mXCT). Periodic EIS measurements of the AAMs showed different impedance response in individual AAMs. Moreover, these impedance responses also changed over the time of exposure. Interpretation of the results was based on visual and numerical analysis of the corrosion damages obtained by mXCT, which confirmed corrosion damage of varying type and extent on steel bars embedded in the tested AAMs.

Antioxidant Properties of Nanocarbon-based Nanolubricants

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (47-48) ◽  
pp. 2881-2886
Author(s):  
Michail Ivanov ◽  
Olga Shenderova ◽  
Nicholas Nunn ◽  
Denis M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Catalytic Behavior ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Oxidation Performance

ABSTRACTCatalytic behavior of colloidal dispersions of different nanocarbon additives in mineral and synthetic oil has been studied. Oxidation performance of mineral oil and synthetic oil containing detonation nanodiamonds (NDs/DNDs), detonation soot and commercial analogs have been compared with fullerenes and a conventional chemical antioxidant. Degradation characteristics of the oils were determined by total acid number (TAN) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both fullerenes and DNDs showed antioxidant properties in mineral oil, with DND performance depending on the method of deagglomeration. Antioxidant performance of DNDs and fullerenes in polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil is apparently less effective than in mineral oil.

Electrochemical Impedance Characteristics of Sintered 7075 Aluminum Alloy Under Ssrt Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sunada ◽  
N. Nunomura
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
View Point ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Polarization Test ◽  
Conventional Ingot

Powder metallurgy (P/M) process has the advantage of better formability to fabricate complex shape products without machining and welding. And recently this P/M process has been applied to the production of aluminum alloys. The P/M aluminum alloys thus produced also have received considerable interest because of their fine and homogeneous structure. Many papers have been published on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys produced by P/M process while there have been few on their corrosion properties from the view point of electrochemistry. In this experiment, therefore, two kinds of 7075 aluminum alloys prepared by the conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M) process and P/M process were used, I/M material is commercially available. and their corrosion behavior were investigated through the electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarization test, slow rate strain tensile (SSRT) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement under SSRT test in the corrosion solution and the deionized water.

scholarly journals Emerging Technology for a Green, Sustainable Energy Promising Materials for Hydrogen Storage, from Nanotubes to Graphene—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jastrzębski ◽  
Piotr Kula
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Carbon Based

The energetic and climate crises should pose a challenge for scientists in finding solutions in the field of renewable, green energy sources. Throughout more than two decades, the search for new opportunities in the energy industry made it possible to observe the potential use of hydrogen as an energy source. One of the greatest challenges faced by scientists for the sake of its use as an energy source is designing safe, usable, reliable, and effective forms of hydrogen storage. Moreover, the manner in which hydrogen is to be stored is closely dependent on the potential use of this source of green energy. In stationary use, the aim is to achieve high volumetric density of the container. However, from the point of view of mobile applications, an extremely important aspect is the storage of hydrogen, using lightweight tanks of relatively high density. That is why, a focus of scientists has been put on the use of carbon-based materials and graphene as a perspective solution in the field of H2 storage. This review focuses on the comparison of different methods for hydrogen storage, mainly based on the carbon-based materials and focuses on efficiently using graphene and its different forms to serve a purpose in the future H2-based economy.

scholarly journals Application of Commercial Surface Pretreatments on the Formation of Cerium Conversion Coating (CeCC) over High-Strength Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Juan Jesús Alba-Galvín ◽  
Leandro González-Rovira ◽  
Francisco Javier Botana ◽  
Maria Lekka ◽  
Francesco Andreatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Conversion Coating ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Surface Pretreatment

The selection of appropriate surface pretreatments is one of the pending issues for the industrial application of cerium-based chemical conversion coatings (CeCC) as an alternative for toxic chromate conversion coating (CrCC). A two-step surface pretreatment based on commercial products has been successfully used here to obtain CeCC on AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6. Specimens processed for 1 to 15 min in solutions containing CeCl3 and H2O2 have been studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), potentiodynamic linear polarization (LP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. SEM-EDX showed that CeCC was firstly observed as deposits, followed by a general coverage of the surface with the formation of cracks where the coating was getting thicker. GDOES confirmed an increase of the CeCC thickness as the deposition proceed, the formation of CeCC over 7075 being faster than over 2024. There was a Ce-rich layer in both alloys and an aluminum oxide/hydroxide layer on 7075 between the upper Ce-rich layer and the aluminum matrix. According to LP and EIS, CeCC in all samples offered cathodic protection and comparable degradation in chloride-containing media. Finally, the NSS test corroborated the anti-corrosion properties of the CeCC obtained after the commercial pretreatments employed.

scholarly journals Using Graphene-Based Composite Materials to Boost Anti-Corrosion and Infrared-Stealth Performance of Epoxy Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Meng-Jey Youh ◽  
Yu-Ren Huang ◽  
Cheng-Hsiung Peng ◽  
Ming-Hsien Lin ◽  
Ting-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Epoxy Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Signature

Corrosion prevention and infrared (IR) stealth are conflicting goals. While graphene nanosheets (GN) provide an excellent physical barrier against corrosive agent diffusion, thus lowering the permeability of anti-corrosion coatings, they have the side-effect of decreasing IR stealth. In this work, the anti-corrosion properties of 100-μm-thick composite epoxy coatings with various concentrations (0.01–1 wt.%) of GN fillers thermally reduced at different temperatures (300 °C, 700 °C, 1100 °C) are first compared. The performance was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization scanning, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, water contact angle and salt spray tests. The corrosion resistance for coatings was found to be optimum at a very low filler concentration (0.05 wt.%). The corrosion current density was 4.57 × 10−11 A/cm2 for GN reduced at 1100 °C, showing no degradation after 500 h of salt-spray testing: a significant improvement over the anti-corrosion behavior of epoxy coatings. Further, to suppress the high IR thermal signature of GN and epoxy, Al was added to the optimized composite at different concentrations. The increased IR emissivity due to GN was not only eliminated but was in fact reduced relative to the pure epoxy. These optimized coatings of Al-GN-epoxy not only exhibited greatly reduced IR emissivity but also showed no sign of corrosion after 500 h of salt spray test.

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