Silver nanomaterials as future colorants and potential antimicrobial agents for natural and synthetic textile materials

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. 44232-44247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid-ul-Islam Shahid-ul-Islam ◽  
B. S. Butola ◽  
Faqeer Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Antimicrobial Textiles ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Over the past few years, antimicrobial textiles have gained considerable interest for use in different application fields.

scholarly journals Multi-Task Optimization and Multi-Task Evolutionary Computation in the Past Five Years: A Brief Review

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Qingzheng Xu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evolution Algorithms ◽  
Application Fields

Traditional evolution algorithms tend to start the search from scratch. However, real-world problems seldom exist in isolation and humans effectively manage and execute multiple tasks at the same time. Inspired by this concept, the paradigm of multi-task evolutionary computation (MTEC) has recently emerged as an effective means of facilitating implicit or explicit knowledge transfer across optimization tasks, thereby potentially accelerating convergence and improving the quality of solutions for multi-task optimization problems. An increasing number of works have thus been proposed since 2016. The authors collect the abundant specialized literature related to this novel optimization paradigm that was published in the past five years. The quantity of papers, the nationality of authors, and the important professional publications are analyzed by a statistical method. As a survey on state-of-the-art of research on this topic, this review article covers basic concepts, theoretical foundation, basic implementation approaches of MTEC, related extension issues of MTEC, and typical application fields in science and engineering. In particular, several approaches of chromosome encoding and decoding, intro-population reproduction, inter-population reproduction, and evaluation and selection are reviewed when developing an effective MTEC algorithm. A number of open challenges to date, along with promising directions that can be undertaken to help move it forward in the future, are also discussed according to the current state. The principal purpose is to provide a comprehensive review and examination of MTEC for researchers in this community, as well as promote more practitioners working in the related fields to be involved in this fascinating territory.

Antibiotic Drug Levels

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Michael G. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Equivalence ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Selection Of

In the past, efficacy, as defined by controlled clinical trials, was the primary factor in the selection of a particular antibiotic regimen. Today, as the number of antimicrobial agents approved for clinical use has grown almost exponentially, efficacy rarely is emphasized in published clinical trials. More commonly they demonstrate therapeutic equivalence rather than superiority of new compounds to previously accepted regimens. For this reason, the two criteria that now factor most prominently into the selection of equally effective antibiotics are relative toxicity and cost. Three major classes of antibiotics used throughout the world in the treatment of serious pediatric infectious diseases are chloramphenicol (CAP) and its derivatives, aminoglycosides (AGs), and vancomycin and related glycopeptides.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2567-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Tadesse ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Mary Bartholomew ◽  
Niketta Womack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S

ABSTRACTWe conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinicalSalmonellastrains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common inSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show howSalmonellaevolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile Infections: A Global Overview of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed S. Banawas
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the most prevalent causative pathogen of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Notably, over the past 10 years, the number of Clostridium difficile outbreaks has increased with the rate of morbidity and mortality. The occurrence and spread of C. difficile strains that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs complicate prevention as well as potential treatment options. Most C. difficile isolates are still susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Incidences of C. difficile resistance to other antimicrobial drugs have also been reported. Most of the antibiotics correlated with C. difficile infection (CDI), such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, and fluoroquinolones, continue to be associated with the highest risk for CDI. Still, the detailed mechanism of resistance to metronidazole or vancomycin is not clear. Alternation in the target sites of the antibiotics is the main mechanism of erythromycin, fluoroquinolone, and rifamycin resistance in C. difficile. In this review, different antimicrobial agents are discussed and C. difficile resistance patterns and their mechanism of survival are summarized.

scholarly journals Discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents.

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Gootz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

The unprecedented growth in the number of new antibiotics over the past two decades has been the result of extensive research efforts that have exploited the growing body of knowledge describing the interactions of antibiotics with their targets in bacterial cells. Information gained from one class of antimicrobial agents has often been used to advance the development of other classes. In the case of beta-lactams, information on structure-activity relationships gleaned from penicillins and cephalosporins was rapidly applied to the cephamycins, monobactams, penems, and carbapenems in order to discover broad-spectrum agents with markedly improved potency. These efforts have led to the introduction of many new antibiotics that demonstrate outstanding clinical efficacy and improved pharmacokinetics in humans. The current review discusses those factors that have influenced the rapid proliferation of new antimicrobial agents, including the discovery of new lead structures from natural products and the impact of bacterial resistance development in the clinical setting. The development process for a new antibiotic is discussed in detail, from the stage of early safety testing in animals through phase I, II, and III clinical trials.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF THE HEAT-SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC FILLERS FOR CHILDREN'S OUTERWEAR PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
Iraida Dudla ◽  
◽  
Olena Khrebtan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Heat Shielding ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Urgency of the research. The main functional property of children's outerwear is a heat-shielding property. The research of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production is quite multifaceted, complex and insufficiently studied question. This is due to the fact that for the manufacture of children's outerwear new fabrics for the top and lining, as well as fillers of various materials are used. Target setting. Determination of the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production is an important task, since the greatest value of clothing is for the processes of heat exchange of the human body with the environment and to ensure normal thermoregulation. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Considerable attention has been paid to the prediction of the heatprotective properties of winter clothing or its construction, the substantiation of the choice of a package of materials for the manufacture of children's outerwear, mathematical modelling of the heat transfer through textile materials and to the physical model of thermal resistance determination. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for the outerwear of children are practically not studied, and the calculations of the optimal parameters of these properties are fragmentary. The research objective. to determine the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production. The statement of basic materials. It was found that the heat-shielding properties of children's jackets with feather-down and synthetic textile filler depend on the type of filler, thickness, surface density and breathability of the clothing package. Conclusions. Children's jackets with feather-down filler with a smaller thickness have the lowest level of breathability, which provides them with the best heat-shielding properties. The higher level of breathability inherent in a children's jacket with synthetic textile filler with a significantly greater thickness of the package can provide high levels of the heat-shielding properties. Mathematical equations to determine the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production are suggested.

scholarly journals Recombinant Myeloperoxidase as a New Class of Antimicrobial Agents

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehong Cao ◽  
Guangjie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past

Over the past 2 decades, more than 20 new infectious diseases have emerged. Unfortunately, novel antimicrobial therapeutics are discovered at much lower rates.

scholarly journals Recent Updates of Natural and Synthetic URAT1 Inhibitors and Novel Screening Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Ruya You ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yousheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Human urate anion transporter 1 (hURAT1) is responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal renal tubules and is a promising therapeutic target for treating hyperuricemia. To mitigate the side effects of URAT1-targeted clinical agents such as benzbromarone, there is significant interest in discovering new URAT1 inhibitors and developing technology that can evaluate URAT1 inhibition. This review summarizes the methods for assay of URAT1 inhibition and the progress on the discovery of natural and synthetic URAT1 inhibitors in the past five years.

scholarly journals Rubus - A Review of its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Omar Rocabado ◽  
Luis Miguel Bedoya ◽  
María José Abad ◽  
Paulina Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Ancient Times

Species of the genus Rubus (family Rosaceae, sub-family Rosoideae, tribe Potentilleae) are widely distributed in the warmer temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Rubus species have been known since ancient times for their curative properties, and have been used for the treatment of various ailments, such as wounds, diarrhea, colic pain, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and as antimicrobial agents. However, their use has been based mainly on empirical findings. This contribution provides a comprehensive review of the work published on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Rubus species over the past few years, in order to obtain a better understanding of the biological significance of this large genus.

Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: An overview on spatiotemporal distribution and resistance development in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Rapid Dissemination

The emerging of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is increasing worldwide. Rapid dissemination and increase of its incidence in Germany are observed and becoming a significant challenge for clinical laboratories and physicians. The current review highlights its chronological sequence of appearance and resistance development in humans in the past two decades in Germany. Emerging resistance problems of K. pneumoniae to the vast majority of available antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems and those of the ß-lactam group, were observed since the end of the last century and strains carrying diverse resistance patterns have emerged in most federal states of Germany. Still, several aspects of resistance development and pathogenesis are not fully understood. To date, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) isolates have been rarely isolated from German patients. The most frequent resistance genes identified are blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-5 blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaVIM-1 and the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene. One Health genomic surveillance of K. pneumoniae strains from different reservoirs is required. This would help to understand in great detail the mechanisms leading to resistance development, spread and transmission, and developing alternative treatment regimens

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