Introducing students to experimental design skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Szalay ◽  
Z. Tóth ◽  
E. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
School Year ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Design Skills ◽  
The Impact

The results of an earlier empirical research study on modifying ‘step-by-step’ instructions to practical activities requiring one or more steps of the experiments to be designed by students initiated a longitudinal study to investigate the effectiveness of the approach for younger students and over a period of time. The longitudinal study that followed took the form of a four year research project that began in September 2016. Over 900 students have been involved. All were 12–13 years old in the beginning of the study. Each year they spend six lessons carrying out practical activities using worksheets we provide. This paper reports the findings of the first year, when the participating classes were allocated to one of three groups. Group 1 was the control group. Students simply followed the step-by-step instructions. Groups 2 and 3 were experimental groups. Group 2 students not only followed the same instructions, but also had to complete experimental design tasks on paper. Group 3 students followed the same instructions, but one or more steps were incomplete and students were required to design these steps. The impact of the intervention on the students’ experimental design skills, disciplinary content knowledge and attitude toward chemistry is measured by structured tests. After the first school year of the project it was clear that the type of instruction only had a weak significant positive effect on the results of the Group 2 students’ disciplinary content knowledge. No significant effect of the intervention could be detected on the changes in the students’ grades and attitudes toward the subject, which only seemed to depend on the ranking of their schools. This paper provides the interesting details of the results of the first year (pilot) of the research and discusses changes to the approach that have been made for the remaining three years of the project.

THE EFFECT OF USING NOTING INTERACTING SUMMARIZING AND PRIORITIZING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maruh Sianturi And Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. This study was designed with the experimental design. The population of this study was the first year students at academic 2013/2012 of SMA swasta YP St. Paulus Martubung, Medan. There were fourty students taken as the sample of the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (20 students) as the experimental group and the second group (20 students) as the control group. The experimental group was taught by Using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy, while the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrument for collecting the data was multiple choices which consisted of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder -Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.75. The data were calculated by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that t-observed (4.98) was higher than t-table (2.025) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) 38. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that teaching reading comprehension by using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy significantly affects reading comprehension.

Pay Secrecy versus Pay Disclosure for Salesmen: A Longitudinal Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Futrell ◽  
Omer C. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Pay Secrecy

On the basis of a “before-after with control group” experimental design, empirical evidence is provided that shows the amount of information disclosed about pay had a major impact on salesmen's performance and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Affect Changes during Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Imke Matthys ◽  
Justine Defreyne ◽  
Els Elaut ◽  
Alessandra Daphne Fisher ◽  
Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
European Network ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Impact

Improving transgender people’s quality of life (QoL) is the most important goal of gender-affirming care. Prospective changes in affect can influence QoL. We aim to assess the impact of initiating gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT) on affect. In the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI) study, we prospectively collected data of 873 participants (451 transwomen (TW) and 422 transmen (TM)). At baseline, psychological questionnaires including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered. The PANAS, levels of sex steroids and physical changes were registered at each follow-up visit during a 3-year follow-up period, starting at the initiation of hormonal therapy. Data were analyzed cross-sectionally and prospectively. Over the first three months, we observed a decline in positive affect (PA) in both TM and TW. Thereafter, PA reached a steady state in TW, whereas in TM there was also a second decline at 18 months. In both TM and TW there was no persisting difference comparing baseline to the 36-months results. Concerning negative affect (NA), we observed a decline during the first year in TM, which sustained during the second year and was not different anymore at 36 months compared to baseline. In TW though, we did not find any change of NA during the entire follow-up. Even if some of these results show significant differences, they should be considered with caution, since there was no control group and the absolute differences are small. No association between affect and the level of sex steroids was observed. Baseline QoL and psychological burden are related to affect independently from gender but are not necessarily good predictors of the evolution of one’s affect during the gender-affirming process. Further research is necessary to investigate these preliminary results.

scholarly journals What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Güngörer ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽  
Şükrü Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

scholarly journals The impact of employing technology in the achievement of the tenth grade students in the national and civil education curriculum developed in the capital city of Amman:  أثر توظيف التكنولوجيا في تحصيل طلاب الصف العاشر الأساسي في مبحث التربية الوطنية والمدنية المطوّر في محافظة العاصمة عمّان

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yahya Kokash
Keyword(s):  
Educational Software ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Semester ◽  
School Year ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

  This study aimed to identify the impact of technology utilization on the achievement of the tenth grade students in the field of national and civil education. The study sample consisted of (140) students from two main schools in the university's university. The control and experimental groups were selected randomly, And the study used the experimental method, where the first group was taught using technology as experimental, and the second group of the same material was taught in the traditional way as the control during the first semester of the school year 2018/2019, To achieve the objectives of the study, the achievement test was constructed. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group and for the benefit of the experimental group. The results also showed no statistically significant differences due to sex. Therefore, the researcher recommends the need to generalize the experience of employing technology in schools and diversify in the use of teaching strategies, and emphasizes the need to train teachers in the design and use of educational software and modern techniques in the teaching method to achieve the maximum amount of learning and effective education.    

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING INDEX CARD MATCH IN TEACHING VOCABULARY

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sri Ariani ◽  
Tri Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Index Card ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to find out Is there any significant differences between the impact of traditional teaching method and using Index Card Match in teaching English vocabulary at the First Year Students of SMA HANG TUAH 3 MATARAM and to find out does using Index Card Match have a positive effect on students’ vocabulary knowledge. The sample of this research is 40 students. The kind of this research is experimental research. The students are divided into two groups such as experimental group and control group. Then the research subjects are pre-tested to know their prior vocabulary mastery. After the treatment, the sample is post-tested to know their recent vocabulary mastery as the result of the treatment. The scores in both pre-test and post-test are taken as the main data of the research. The data is analyzed by using t-test.

scholarly journals “Developing Capabilities”. Inclusive Extracurricular Enrichment Programs to Improve the Well-Being of Gifted Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Casino-García ◽  
María José Llopis-Bueno ◽  
María Gloria Gómez-Vivo ◽  
Amparo Juan-Grau ◽  
Tamar Shuali-Trachtenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
School Students ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
School Year ◽  
Enrichment Program ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
The Impact

The educational inclusion of gifted students requires not only equity but also emotional accessibility and social participation. However, different studies indicate that gifted students constitute a vulnerable group (for example, the incidence of bullying is higher). Psychosocial variables are determinants for the development and expression of giftedness, particularly during adolescence. This study analyzes the impact of an inclusive extracurricular enrichment program for gifted secondary school students on the well-being of adolescents. The program was based on the enrichment model of Renzulli and Reis (2016). The objective was to develop a cluster to facilitate high-achieving learning in collaboration with teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors from their schools as well as university professors and students that would address their emotions and socialization across the board and benefit or involve their peers in their regular classrooms. The intervention took place over two years: eight sessions, one afternoon per week, for five months during each school year. The sample consisted of 47 students from the first and second years of compulsory secondary education (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria - ESO) (age, mean (M) = 12.57, standard deviation (SD) = 0.82) during the first year and 27 students from the first, second, and third years of ESO (age, M = 13.48, SD = 0.94) during the second year; 61.4% were girls. Participants completed a questionnaire before (T1) and (T3) and after (T2) and (T4) each intervention. The results show better outcomes for psychological and subjective well-being, more positive moods, and a significant reduction in school fears. The results from this study indicate the importance of educational screening and support for gifted students to promote their well-being through collaborative enrichment activities.

scholarly journals The Impact of The Strategy Analog Thinking in acquiring Social Content Material Concepts of Fourth Primary Class Pupils

2019 ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
Manal Taha Yaseen Al-Taʼie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aims the experimental design adopted in the present study is the partial control experimental design of a pre-post control group design. The present study has been limited to the fifth primary class pupils included with in the state primary schools in Baghdad during the academic year (2017-2018), The sample consists of 63 male and female 4th primary class pupils , distributed into 31 ones as an experimental group from Al-Mutanbi Primary school and 32 students as a control group Equalization. The instrument is constructing test measuring concepts acquisition consisted of (8) concepts which consists of (24) items. Experimental group pupils, who have been exposed to Strategy Analog Thinking, have been superior to those at the control group in social content material acquisition.

Intra-carotid arterial transfusion of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells in rodent after ischemic stroke — evaluating the impact of therapeutic time points on prognostic outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Chen Lin ◽  
Han-Tan Chai ◽  
Kuan-Hung Chen ◽  
Pei‐Hsun Sung ◽  
John Y. Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: This study tested the optimal time point for left intra-carotid arterial (LICA) administration of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for improving the outcome in rat after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results: Adult-male SD rats (n=70) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IS), group 3 (IS+EPCs/1.2x106 cells/by LICA administration 3h after IS), group 4 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-3 IS), group 5 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-7 IS), group 6 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-14 IS) and group 7 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-28 IS). The brain-infarct volume (BIV) (at day 60/MRI) was lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly progressively increased from groups 3 to 7, whereas among the IS animals, the neurological function was significantly preserved in groups 3 to 6 than in groups 2 and 7 post-day-60 IS (all p<0.0001). By day 60, the endothelial cell markers at protein and cellular levels, and number of small vessels exhibited an opposite pattern of BIV among the groups (all p<0.0001). The protein and cellular levels of inflammation, and protein levels of oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis, were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1 and progressively increased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001). The angiogenesis biomarkers at protein and cellular levels were significantly progressively increased from groups 1 to 3, then significantly progressively decreased from groups 4 to 7 (all p<0.0001). Conclusion: Early EPC administration provided better benefits on improving functional/image/molecular-cellular outcomes after acute IS in rat.

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