scholarly journals Metabolism of the intestinal microbiota in children of the first year of life with intestinal pathology and its surgical correction as a potential marker of biological age

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Galina Fedotova ◽  
Irina Vakhlova ◽  
Lyubov Boronina
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

The article presents data on the study of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in children of the first year of life. The study was performed by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis with the determination of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in fecal matter, which reflects the microbiota metabolic activity. The content of fecal matter was determined, reflecting the activity of aerobic microbiota-acetic acid (C2); anaerobic microbiota – propionic (C3), butyric (C4) acids; the sum of acids (E); anaerobic index (AI), which is an integral indicator of the intestinal environment. It was found that despite surgical intervention in the intestine in the first months of life, the metabolic activity of microbiota in children with intestinal resection remains stable throughout the first year of life.

scholarly journals Physical development and its relationship to the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in young children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
I. V. Vakhlova ◽  
G. V. Fedotova ◽  
L. G. Boronina ◽  
Yu. N. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Important Indicator

Introduction. The metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota is an important indicator of the functioning of the digestive tract, one of the main functions of which is the absorption of nutrients.The aim of the study was to analyze the content of short chain fatty acids in feces and assess their relationship with the indicators of physical development in children 3 years of age.Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 89 children 3rd year of life. The 1st observation group included children of the I and II health groups, the children of the 2nd group underwent surgical treatment on the intestine in the first months of life, the children of the3rd group are with atopic dermatitis. FD assessment was carried out in accordance with WHO recommendations (2017) the spectrum of FGC in feces was determined by gas-liquid chromatography.Results. It was determined the features of the rates of FD in healthy children, children with a history of intestinal resection and children with atopy in relation to the indicators of metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. The percentile distribution of the values of FGC in feces and their comparative assessment in the observation groups are given.Discussion. The content of FGM in feces has differences depending on the health status of children of the 3rd year of life. Different level of FGC shows a close relationship with the indicators of FD. Conclusions. A decrease in growth rates (body length SD: from -1 to -2) was revealed at low values (<25%) of the amount of acids, with an increase in propionate (25%) in feces. Reduced nutrition (body weight SD: from -1 to -2) it was associated with low values of the sum of isoacids and AI(-) (<25%); by 3rd year of life, the risk of low nutrition decreased in 4 times with high values (75%) of the sum of acids in feces (OR=4.33[1.09-17.71]). The multidirectionality of the content of fecal matter in young children and their influence on the indicators of FD emphasizes the versatility of the functions of the intestinal microbiota, which has a local and systemic effect on the human body.

scholarly journals Interactions of Respiratory Viruses and the Nasal Microbiota during the First Year of Life in Healthy Infants

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Korten ◽  
Moana Mika ◽  
Shkipe Klenja ◽  
Elisabeth Kieninger ◽  
Ines Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

ABSTRACT Respiratory viral infections are very frequent in infancy and of importance in acute and chronic disease development. Infections with human rhinovirus (HRV) are, e.g., associated with the later development of asthma. We found that only symptomatic HRV infections were associated with acute changes in the nasal microbiota, mainly characterized by a loss of microbial diversity. Infants with more frequent symptomatic HRV infections had a lower bacterial diversity at the end of the first year of life. Whether the interaction between viruses and the microbiota is one pathway contributing to asthma development will be assessed in the follow-ups of these children. Independent of that, measurements of microbial diversity might represent a potential marker for risk of later lung disease or monitoring of early life interventions. Traditional culture techniques have shown that increased bacterial colonization is associated with viral colonization; however, the influence of viral colonization on the whole microbiota composition is less clear. We thus aimed to understand the interaction of viral infections and the nasal microbiota in early life to appraise their roles in disease development. Thirty-two healthy, unselected infants were included in this prospective longitudinal cohort study within the first year of life. Biweekly nasal swabs (n = 559) were taken, and the microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, and 10 different viruses and 2 atypical bacteria were characterized by real-time PCR (combination of seven duplex samples). In contrast to asymptomatic human rhinovirus (HRV) colonization, symptomatic HRV infections were associated with lower alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index [SDI]), higher bacterial density (PCR concentration), and a difference in beta diversities (Jaccard and Bray-Curtis index) of the microbiota. In addition, infants with more frequent HRV infections had a lower SDI at the end of the study period. Overall, changes in the microbiota associated with symptomatic HRV infections were characterized by a loss of microbial diversity. The interaction between HRV infections and the nasal microbiota in early life might be of importance for later disease development and indicate a potential approach for future interventions. IMPORTANCE Respiratory viral infections are very frequent in infancy and of importance in acute and chronic disease development. Infections with human rhinovirus (HRV) are, e.g., associated with the later development of asthma. We found that only symptomatic HRV infections were associated with acute changes in the nasal microbiota, mainly characterized by a loss of microbial diversity. Infants with more frequent symptomatic HRV infections had a lower bacterial diversity at the end of the first year of life. Whether the interaction between viruses and the microbiota is one pathway contributing to asthma development will be assessed in the follow-ups of these children. Independent of that, measurements of microbial diversity might represent a potential marker for risk of later lung disease or monitoring of early life interventions.

scholarly journals LARGE BOWEL MICROBIOCENTOSIS IN IMMATURE INFANTS WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BODY WEIGHT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. G. Malygina ◽  
T. A. Bazhukova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
First Year Of Life

Aim. To assess qualitative and quantitative composition of culture large bowel bugs in immature infants with birth weight 1500 g and less during the first year of life. Materials and methods. Fecal matter culturing has been done in 58 immature infants with body weight 1500 g and less, who were under supervision during the year. Results. A significant deficit of large bowel micro-biocentosis in immature infants has been registered in the neonatal period. Up to 2 months of life a slow formation of bowel's microflora is observed mainly due to bifidus bacteria. Up to 1 year of life a formed colonic microbiota in immature infants was not observed firstly due to lactobacilli deficit and late formation of typical Escherichia. Conclusion. The process of large bowel microbiocentosis in immature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight is slowed down due to extended admission in the intensive care unit, absence of breast feeding and antybiotherapy.

scholarly journals Functional insufficiency of the pancreas and the metabolic activity of the microbiota in cystic fibrosis adults patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
L V Vinokurova ◽  
G E Baimakanova ◽  
S A Krasovsky ◽  
S Yu Silvestrova ◽  
E A Dubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Exocrine Insufficiency ◽  
Elastase Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In order to optimize the therapy, the functional state of the pancreas (P) and the peculiarities of metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) were assessed. Materials and methods. 14 CF patients (20-34 years, 7 men, 7 women) were enrolled. In 8 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed in the first year of life on the basis of clinical data, positive sweat test, 5 had genetic confirmation. In 4 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed at the age of 8-13 years and 2 patients aged 18, 27 years. In this group, genetic confirmation was in 4 subjects. In addition to general clinical studies, the level of C-peptide in blood, elastase and the concentration of short chain fatty acids in feces was determined. Results and discussion. Of elastase feces in 9 patients was 5.5±4.7 icg/g, that is revealed severe exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas and in 5 patients the elastase level was normal and amounted to 402±124 icg/g. Deployed the clinical picture of diabetes mellitus was observed in 3 patients. Metabolic activity of the colon microflora as a whole was reduced, the sum of the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (ΣCn) was 6.03±4.11 mg/g at a rate of 10.61±5.11 (p

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of intestinal microflora in patients with bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivashkin ◽  
Oxana Zolnikova ◽  
Nino Potskherashvili ◽  
Alexander Trukhmanov ◽  
Natalia Kokina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

The gut microbiota plays the important role to support the immunological tolerance. To study a metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora the 44 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and 17 healthy volunteers were tested. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) spectrum was determined using the method of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. We have detected a significant decrease the total content of the fatty acids in the feces (P<0.001), the absolute concentrations of the individual acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate; P<0.001) and the total content of isoacids (P<0.001) for all of the patients with bronchial asthma in the study, regardless of the phenotype. The anaerobic type of the SCFA spectrum was detected for the majority (83%) of the patients tested. The aerobic type of the SCFA metabolic profile was detected for another part (17%) of the patients tested. Being detected the parameters change could play the principal role as for the bronchial asthma course as to support the organism sensibilisation.

scholarly journals Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
I.V. Vakhlova ◽  
◽  
G.V. Fedotova ◽  
L.G. Boronina ◽  
E.V. Samatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Aim: to assess the rate of growth and metabolic activity of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life and received specialized nutrition with extensive hydrolyzed whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides and nucleotides. Patients and Methods: prospective cohort study was conducted in two groups of infants. The study group included 37 infants with partial bowel resection within the first months of life. The control group included 75 healthy infants. Postoperatively, study group children were bottle-fed and received an infant formula (extensive hydrolized whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides) till the age of 12 months. Some control group children were breast-fed while control group children on a mixed or formula feeding. In all children, antenatal and perinatal anamnesis and physical development within the first year of life were assessed. Additionally, the amounts of short-chain fatty acids in the stool were evaluated. Results: the rate of growth in infants who experienced bowel surgery was similar to that of healthy infants within the first year of life. By the age of 12 months, steady increase in the proportion of infants with average weight (SD -1 to +1) and significant reduction in the proportion of infants with low weight (SD -1 to -2) were reported. A group of overweight infants (SD +1 to +2) emerged since the age of 6 months. The specifics of metabolic activity of gut microbiota in children after surgery were a significant increase in propionic acid amount in the stool and a trend to an increase in anaerobic index by the age of 12 months. Conclusions: this growth pattern illustrates an adequate nutrition during the recovery of bowel functional activity and its ability to absorb and to uptake nutrients. KEYWORDS: infants, specialized nutrition, physical development rate, bowel metabolic activity. FOR CITATION: Vakhlova I.V., Fedotova G.V., Boronina L.G., Samatova E.V. Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):155–161. DOI: 10.32364/2618- 8430-2021-4-2-155-161.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Cereal and Protein Source on Fiber Digestibility, Composition, and Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microbiota in Weaner Piglets

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Carola Ellner ◽  
Anna G. Wessels ◽  
Jürgen Zentek
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Fermentative Activity

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fiber-rich rye and rapeseed meal (RSM) compared to wheat and soybean meal (SBM) on fiber digestibility and the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota. At weaning, 88 piglets were allocated to four feeding groups: wheat/SBM, wheat/RSM, rye/SBM, and rye/RSM. Dietary inclusion level was 48% for rye and wheat, 25% for SBM, and 30% for RSM. Piglets were euthanized after 33 days for collection of digesta and feces. Samples were analyzed for dry matter and non-starch-polysaccharide (NSP) digestibility, bacterial metabolites, and relative abundance of microbiota. Rye-based diets had higher concentrations of soluble NSP than wheat-based diets. RSM-diets were higher in insoluble NSP compared to SBM. Rye-fed piglets showed a higher colonic and fecal digestibility of NSP (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). RSM-fed piglets showed a lower colonic and fecal digestibility of NSP than SBM-fed piglets (p < 0.001). Rye increased jejunal and colonic concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) compared to wheat (p < 0.001, p = 0.016, respectively). RSM-fed pigs showed a lower jejunal concentration of SCFA (p = 0.001) than SBM-fed pigs. Relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher (p = 0.039) and of Proteobacteria lower (p = 0.002) in rye-fed pigs compared to wheat. RSM reduced Firmicutes and increased Actinobacteria (jejunum, colon, feces: p < 0.050), jejunal Proteobacteria (p = 0.019) and colonic Bacteroidetes (p = 0.014). Despite a similar composition of the colonic microbiota, the higher amount and solubility of NSP from rye resulted in an increased fermentative activity compared to wheat. The high amount of insoluble dietary fiber in RSM-based diets reduced bacterial metabolic activity and caused a shift toward insoluble fiber degrading bacteria. Further research should focus on host–microbiota interaction to improve feeding concepts with a targeted use of dietary fiber.

scholarly journals Early settlers: which E. coli strains do you not want at birth?

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. G123-G129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Secher ◽  
Camille Brehin ◽  
Eric Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
First Year Of Life

The intestinal microbiota exerts vital biological processes throughout the human lifetime, and imbalances in its composition have been implicated in both health and disease status. Upon birth, the neonatal gut moves from a barely sterile to a massively colonized environment. The development of the intestinal microbiota during the first year of life is characterized by rapid and important changes in microbial composition, diversity, and magnitude. The pioneer bacteria colonizing the postnatal intestinal tract profoundly contribute to the establishment of the host-microbe symbiosis, which is essential for health throughout life. Escherichia coli is one of the first colonizers of the gut after birth. E. coli is a versatile population including harmless commensal, probiotic strains as well as frequently deadly pathogens. The prevalence of the specific phylogenetic B2 group, which encompasses both commensal and extra- or intraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, is increasing among E. coli strains colonizing infants quickly after birth. Fifty percent of the B2 group strains carry in their genome the pks gene cluster encoding the synthesis of a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide hybrid genotoxin named colibactin. In this review, we summarize both clinical and experimental evidence associating the recently emerging neonatal B2 E. coli population with several pathology and discuss how the expression of colibactin by both normal inhabitants of intestinal microflora and virulent strains may darken the borderline between commensalism and pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Diet and Dominant Fecal Microbiota Along the First Year of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-Martín ◽  
Silvia Saturio ◽  
Silvia Arboleya ◽  
David Herrero-Morín ◽  
Margot Calzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Extensive work has established the importance of the gut microbiota during the first years of life. However, there are few longitudinal studies describing the role of infants´ diet on the evolution of the fecal microbiota and their metabolic activity during this stage. The aim of this work was to explore the impact of diet on the composition of the major intestinal microorganisms and their main microbial metabolites from birth to 12 months. This is a longitudinal prospective study analyzing fecal microbiota, bacterial groups levels were determined by qPCR and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels by gas chromatography, as well as information from self-administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency from a cohort of 83, Spanish and full-term, infants at 15, 90, 180 and 365 days of age. Results revealed that Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium decrease in weaning period contrary to Bacteroides group and Clostridium cluster IV. Furthermore, a clustering based on fecal bacterial groups, SCFAs and type of delivery and feeding, gender and living area suggested that the excretion of SCFAs is strongly related to the type of lactation. Conclusion: our study supports weaning period as a key step for gut microbiota transition and suggests the importance of the consumption of dietary fiber with the increase of certain bacterial groups as Clostridium cluster IV, which could be beneficial for the host. Finally, studies specially designed to analyze the production and the excretion of SCFAs in children are needed to understand how diet could influence in this process.

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