scholarly journals Productivity and quality of grapevine yield when using micronutrient fertilizers of new generation in the conditions of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleynikova ◽  
Evgenia Galkina ◽  
Pavel Didenko ◽  
Vladimir Andreev ◽  
Carina Zaripova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Crimean Mountain

The article presents the results of studies of 2019-2020, carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of Crimean Mountain-valley viticultural zone on table grape variety ‘Italia’. It was experimentally determined that five-fold foliar treatment of grape plantations with gel fertilizers has led to a significant increase in the average length of annual shoots by 15 cm (9.2%) and an increase in the green matter of bushes by 165.1 cm3 (9.1%). It was found that using of preparations of experimental system of mineral nutrition manufactured by Agrinos and Lima-Europe companies during two growing seasons of grape plants has led to an increase in the average bunch weight by 42.9 g (7.4%), shoot productivity by 8.1% and an increase in the cropping capacity by 1.8 t/ha (10.2%) in comparison with the control. Using of the studied mineral gel fertilizers against the background of increasing grape productivity did not affect the process of sugar accumulation and the level of titratable acids. The studies showed that two-year fertilizer utilization of the studied system of mineral nutrition contributed to a significant increase in organoleptic characteristics of table grapes.

scholarly journals Effect of national chelated micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity of grape plants and quality indicators of wine

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleynikova ◽  
Pavel Didenko ◽  
Yana Radionovskaya ◽  
Sofia Cherviak ◽  
Marianna Ermikhina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Test Treatments

The article presents the results of studies, carried out in 2018-2020 in soil and climatic conditions of viticultural zone of the South Coast of Crimea on wine grape variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. It was established that double application of national chelated micronutrient fertilizers Tiaton and Chelaton Extra for foliar dressing of grapes contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 9.3-15.3 g (10.3-16.9%), shoot productivity by 10.4-17.1% and cropping power by 0.6-1 t/ha (10-16.7%) in comparison with the control. It was experimentally determined that test treatments with Chelaton Extra preparation led to a significant increase in the average length of annual shoots by 13.3 cm (9.3%) and a gain in the green matter of bushes by 265.9 cm3 (12%). Using of the studied micronutrient fertilizers against the background of increased grape productivity positively influenced the process of sugar accumulation and ensured the value component at the control level. The studies have proven that double treatment with Chelaton Extra fertilizer contributed to an increase in the mass concentration of phenolic substances in wine by 10.7%.

scholarly journals Conventional and Organic Honeys as a Source of Water- and Ethanol Soluble Molecules with Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3746
Author(s):  
Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska ◽  
Małgorzata Tańska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The benefits of natural honeybee products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, beevenom and pollen) to the immune system are remarkable, and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells and stimulation of the immune system. The type of plants in the geographical area, climatic conditions and production method have a significantly influence on the nutritional quality of honey. However, this variability can influence consumer liking by the sensory attributes of the product. The aim of this work was to compare the most popular honeys from Poland in terms of nutritional value, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, five varieties of honey (honeydew, forest, buckwheat, linden and dandelion) from conventional and organic production methods were tested. The nutritional characteristics of honey samples included acidity, content of water, sugars, vitamin C, HMF and phenolics (total and flavonoids), while honey color, taste, aroma and consistency were investigated in the organoleptic characteristics. The antioxidant activity was determined in water- and ethanol-soluble honey extracts using DPPH and ORAC tests. The results showed that organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of popular Polish honeys differ significantly in relation to plant source and production method. The significant effect of honey variety on the content of HMF, saccharose and phenolics, as well as acidity and antioxidant capacity were noted. The impact of variety and variety × production method interaction was significant in the case of the content of vitamin C, glucose and fructose. A visible difference of buckwheat and forest honeys from other samples was observed. The highest content of total phenolics with antioxidant activity based on the SET mechanism was found in buckwheat honeys, while forest honeys were richer in flavonoids.

scholarly journals The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Vegas Riffle ◽  
Nathaniel Palmer ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Drury ◽  
X M Yang ◽  
W D Reynolds ◽  
N B McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Previous Crop

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat were compared with 2 -yr and 3-yr crop rotations (corn-soybean or corn-soybean-winter wheat). Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), annual N2O emissions were about 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture corn (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soybean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with corn (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soybean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When corn followed corn, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were about twice as high as when corn followed soybean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and about 60% greater than when corn followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had about 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture corn or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soybean. In the corn phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 t C ha-1) than when it was soybean (4.20 t C ha-1) or corn (3.91 t C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases. Key words: Denitrification, soil respiration, rotation, crop residue

scholarly journals Influence of Environment on Atmospheric Concentrations of Peronospora antirrhini Sporangia in Field-Grown Snapdragon

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Byrne ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
L. E. Sconyers
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Total Spore Count ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Hourly concentrations of airborne sporangia of Peronospora antirrhini at a commercial snapdragon farm were investigated over three growing seasons to determine the influence of the environment on their occurrence and concentration. Hourly concentrations of sporangia of P. antirrhini were estimated using a Burkard volumetric spore sampler. Atmospheric sporangial concentrations followed a diurnal pattern and were greatest during 0500 to 1200 h. Minimum daily temperatures <10.0°C appeared to have a moderate limiting effect on atmospheric sporangial concentrations, whereas temperatures <6.0°C had more severe limiting effects. Maximum daily temperatures ≥30.0°C limited concentrations of atmospheric sporangia. Long dew periods (≥6 h) were associated with relatively large sporangia releases. On 69 days (1999 to 2001), the total number of sporangia trapped was >100/m3/day, and the average length of leaf wetness duration prior to these releases was 11 h. Consecutive days with short leaf wetness periods were associated with low atmospheric sporangial concentrations. Significant positive correlations (P = 0.0502 and P = 0.0174) were found between total rainfall and total spore count for both research plots in 2000. Information gained from this study will contribute to the development of a disease management program that utilizes environmental cues to prompt fungicide applications, thus increasing the efficiency of fungicide programs and delaying the development of pathogen resistance.

scholarly journals GRAPES BREEDED BY ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING FOR CREATION OF RED DESSERT WINES

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
N.V. Matveeva ◽  
◽  
M.V. Bahmetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The paper presents the results of technological evaluation of red wine varieties breeded by All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking: Vesta, Cherny, Zhemchug, Au-gusta, Teremnoy, Mugofir. These varieties are characterized by high sugar accumulation. Li-queur wines were prepared using classical tech-nology. The research was conducted in the la-boratory of wine technology in micro-wine production. The weight of one batch of grapes was 10–25 kg. The main physical and chemical parameters of wort and wine were determined. Wine distillate was used as an alcoholic agent. For maintaining and enhancing the varietal aroma of grapes we used technology of frac-tional alcoholization. With the help of degusta-tions, organoleptic characteristics of the ob-tained samples of liqueur wines were carried out, as a result of which preliminary conclusions were made about the feasibility of using the studied varieties for the preparation of red li-queur wines. All the studied grape varieties can be recommended for the production of liqueur wines, pink and red.

scholarly journals The influence of low temperatures on the incidence of sugary disease on sorghum

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Ricardo Trezi Casa ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Paulo Tarcísio Domatos Borba
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The relationship between pre-flowering climatic conditions and sugary disease incidence was quantified in grain and forage sorghum genotypes at two sowing periods (mid November and mid December). The trials were carried out over the 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing seasons, in Lages, Santa Catarina State. Four commercial male-fertile sorghum hybrids (BR 600-forrage, BR 700-grain, BR 701-forage/silage and BR 800-forage) and one male-sterile inbred line (BR 001-A) were evaluated. When each genotype reached the flowering stage, 50 panicles were marked and sprayed with a suspension of Claviceps africana (1,000 spores mL-1). Air temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded through out the growing cycle. Low temperatures three to four weeks prior to flowering, increased susceptibility. At both sowing periods, average night temperatures lower than 15°C during the critical period of pre-flowering turned the fertile hybrids as susceptible as the male-sterile inbred to ergot infection. The tested hybrids differed in their ability to tolerate pre-flowering cold stress. Seed set in uninoculated heads under pollination bags was also reduced, suggesting that increased susceptibility to sugary disease was the result of low temperature induced sterility.

scholarly journals The effect of aerosol treatment with calcium-based preparation on quality of table grape cultivar during storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Sofia Cherviak ◽  
Svetlana Levchenko ◽  
Vladimir Boyko ◽  
Dmitriy Belash
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Term Storage

The main problems of grape storage are berry dehydration and rot. One of the solutions to reduce rot and preserve the quality of grapes during storage is the use of aerosol treatment with calcium content before storing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of physiologically active substances based on calcium in various concentrations on the quality and organoleptic characteristics of table grape cvs. ‘Italia’ during long-term storage. The effectiveness of the studied systems of treatment was evaluated according to the content of sugars and titratable acids, the activity of the redox enzymes of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, weight loss of bunch and organoleptic properties. The greatest effectiveness established by using preparation of Master Green Ca, Brentax KCa, and Brentax Ca (in concentration 150g / 20l). Experimental treatments significantly decreased the weight loss of bunch (less than 4%), and preserved organoleptic properties of berry at a high level (8.2-8.9 points). Decrease in the activity of oxidative enzymes had a positive effect on the quality of table grapes and contributed to its better preservation. The data obtained make it possible to rationalize the system of long-term storage of grapes by using of aerosol treatment with calcium-based preparation.

scholarly journals Performance and profitability of rain-based thresholds for timing fungicide applications in soybean rust control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo C. Beruski ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
André B. Pereira ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Gil M. S. Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Control Disease

AbstractSoybean rust (SBR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most damaging disease of soybean in Brazil. Effective management is achieved by means of calendar-timed sprays of fungicide mixtures, which do not explicitly consider weather-associated disease risk. Two rainfall-based action thresholds of Disease Severity Values (DSV50 and DSV80) were proposed and compared with two leaf wetness duration-temperature thresholds of Daily Values of Infection Probability (DVIP6 and DVIP9) and with a calendar (CAL) program, with regards to performance and profitability. An unsprayed check treatment plot was included for calculating relative control. Disease severity and yield data were obtained from 29 experiments conducted at six sites across four states in Brazil during 2012-13, 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons, which represented different growing regions and climatic conditions. The less conservative rainfall action threshold (DSV80) resulted in fewer fungicide sprays compared with the other treatments and the more conservative one (DSV50) resulted in fewer sprays than the DVIP thresholds. Yield was generally higher with the increase of spray number, but the economic analysis showed no significant differences on the risk of not offsetting the costs of fungicide sprays regardless of the system. Therefore, based on the simplicity and the profitability of the rain-based model, the system is a good candidate for incorporating into management of SBR in soybean production fields in Brazil.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽  
Silvino G. Moreira ◽  
Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽  
Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 &times; 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

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