scholarly journals Application of instrumental methods for quality control of lactoferrin and raw materials for its production

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Elena Zhilyakova ◽  
Maria Chernyshova ◽  
Irina Spichak ◽  
Dariya Fadeeva ◽  
Vladimir Sherstyukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Electrophoretic Method ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Bradford Method ◽  
Lactic Acid Milk ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Bovine cattle milk lactoferrin is industrially produced from cow’s milk and used in a variety of functional products, including baby food, nutritional supplements, dairy products, and veterinary drugs. The possibility of obtaining lactoferrin from lactic acid milk wheyrises a particular interest. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of using and adapting existing spectrophotometric methods for determining the concentration of total protein and an electrophoretic method for analyzing the protein composition of whey fractions and lactoferrin substances. A comparative study of two methods for determining the total protein in whey fractions and lactoferrin preparations biuret and Bradford method was carried out. The validation parameters of both methods were defined. An analytical range from 30 μg / ml to 1000 μg / ml characterizes the linearity of the Bradford method. The electrophoretic profile of milk, milk whey, whey fractions and substances of lactoferrinwere analyzed. The results obtained indicate a high information content of the electrophoretic method for characterizing the purification efficiency of whey fractions.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of total proteins in blood plasma: a comparative study among dye-binding methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Augusto Morozin Zaia ◽  
Fábio Rangel Marques ◽  
Cássia Thaïs Bussamra Vieira Zaia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Erythrosin B ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Bradford Method ◽  
In Blood Plasma

A comparative study between the biuret method (standard method for total proteins) and spectrophotometric methods using dyes (Bradford, 3',3",5',5"-tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester-TBPEE, and erythrosin-B) was carried out for the determination of total proteins in blood plasma from rats. Bradford method showed the highest sensitivity for proteins and biuret method showed the lowest. For all the methods, the absorbance for different proteins (BSA, casein, and egg albumin) was measured and Bradford method showed the lowest variation of absorbance. The concentration of total protein obtained by using Bradford method was not statistically different (p>0.05) from concentration of total protein obtained by the biuret method. But in regard to erythrosin-B and TBPEE methods the concentrations of total protein were statistically different (p<0.05). Thus, Bradford method could be used instead of the biuret method for determination of total proteins in blood plasma.

Ricerche immunoelettroforetiche sul sangue funicolare nei gemelli

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
G. Abelli ◽  
A. Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Protein Composition ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Electrophoretic Method

SUMMARYThe Authors have investigated by means of the immuno-electrophoretic method the protein composition of the funicular blood of 19 twin-pairs from pregnancies of 5 to 9 months. Monochorionic twins showed a concordant picture, while in 7 of the 14 bichorionic twin-pairs slight differences could be observed, due to the presence in one of the twins of one or two more lines. The Authors put these results in correlation with the hypothesis of a genie control of the production of proteins.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF LOW-LACTOSE MILK WHEY STRUCTURE AND MODEL SYSTEMS ON ITS BASIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Victoriya Gnitsevych ◽  
Tatiana Yudina ◽  
Yuliia Honchar ◽  
Olena Vasylieva ◽  
Liudmyla Diachuk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Crystal Diameter

This study developed a technology of low-lactose semi-finished products, based on fermented whey and pumpkin pulp puree, and offered a possibility of its use in the technology of structured culinary products. This research carried out the required substantiation of the methods of preliminary processing of raw materials, and studied the technological properties and structure of model compositions with their use. During the experiment, a number of studies were carried out, which substantiated the method and modes of condensation of whey, and provided a comparative analysis of the homogeneity of lactose-free and lactose-containing samples of whey under various modes of condensation. The study obtained the results of calculations of the equivalent diameter of the studied samples of lactose-containing and low-lactose whey, condensed by the contact method and in vacuum. It was found, that the structure is homogeneous at a number average crystal diameter of up to 5 μm. The restriction is valid for CLLWV with a calculated diameter of about 3.84 μm with a coefficient of variation of 1.35 % with an increase of 10,000 times. The study revealed the alternation of smooth and granular sections of the micron level (0.1 ... 5 μm) in the structure of the studied low-lactose semi-finished product with an increase of 300 times. It was determined, that the extremum of the differential curve of the particle size distribution of CLLWV corresponds to the number average crystal diameter of 3.84 μm. It was established, that the most homogeneous fractional composition is inherent in the studied sample of CLLWV, for which the values of fraction diameters are in the range from 1.46 μm to 4.96 μm. The optimal ratio of the components of the model CLLWV: FPPP system was determined as 70 % to 30 % respectively. With this composition, the model system is characterized by the formation of protein-pectin complexes, which is confirmed by microscopy with a magnification of 90 times

scholarly journals Aspects of chemical training of the personnel for organic farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
M. D. Grigorieva ◽  
S. L. Belopukhov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Products Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
The Impact

Organic farming is aimed at providing the population with high-quality safe agricultural products and preserving the ecological well-being of agrocenoses and adjacent territories. The implementation of this project is currently associated with a number of problems, for the solution of which educational institutions must train qualified personnel. The authors investigated the aspects of chemical training of specialists necessary for the development of organic farming. The article considers three groups of specialties: 1) farm specialists working with soil and plants (agronomists, soil scientists, ecologists); 2) specialists engaged in product processing (food production technologists, medicinal and essential oil raw materials technologists, biotechnologists, etc.); 3) specialists of laboratories for quality control of raw materials and finished products. Analysis of the labor functions of specialists, the goals and objectives of organic farming, as well as the experience of cooperation of the Department of Chemistry of the Russian State Agricultural University-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev with agricultural farms for the implementation of organic technology, showed that the most important components of chemical education are as follows: 1) basic chemical training that allows to understand and manage the dynamic processes occurring in the agrosphere; 2) modern instrumental methods of analysis necessary for quality and safety control of raw materials and products, agrochemical diagnostics of soils and water sources; environmental monitoring to assess the impact of agriculture on soil fertility; research activities; evaluation of processing, storage, packaging methods. Laboratory specialists should have the competence to perform physico-chemical determinations of test samples. Other groups of specialists should know the purpose of the methods, be able to interpret the results of determinations. The article presents educational programs of different levels (bachelor’s, master’s, qualification enhancement), which allow to form the necessary chemical competencies.

THE EFFECT OF REPEATED HEAT AND COLD EXPOSURE ON SERUM PROTEIN COMPOSITION IN MAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Blatt ◽  
J. Kerkay
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Lipoprotein Distribution

Total protein, serum protein, and lipoprotein electrophoretic distribution and hematocrit values were determined in two groups of men during acclimatization to 6 weeks of cold and 11 days of heat respectively. After 3 weeks of cold exposure total serum protein and albumin content decreased, while the globulin fractions increased; thus, the calculated albumin/globulin ratio was significantly depressed. During the last 2 weeks, these parameters gradually returned to control values. Overall, the protein changes during heat acclimatization were minimal, although the globulins decreased slightly, yielding a small increase in the albumin/globulin ratio. The hematocrit levels were significantly lowered during both environmental exposures, whereas the lipoprotein distribution remained essentially unchanged.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the PAL Enzymatic Activity and Polyphenolic Compounds in Leaves and Fruits of Two Myrtle Cultivars during Maturation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Silvia Medda ◽  
Leonarda Dessena ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Potential Use

The leaves and berries of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) are rich in phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavanols. The richness of these antioxidant compounds allows the potential use of myrtle biomasses as raw materials for medicinal and functional food products. Most of the phenolic compounds originate from the phenylpropanoid pathway, where phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activates the first step. The objective of this research is to study the activity of PAL as related to accumulation in the myrtle fruits and leaves of some phenolic compounds in the period between blossom and full berry ripening. With this aim, we compared two model genotypes with different fruit coloration. In leaves and berries of two cultivars, ‘Giovanna’ with pigmented berries and ‘Grazia’ with white berries, the PAL activity and content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins were determined with spectrophotometric methods. PAL activity was quite constant in leaves and variable in berries: Greater in berries of ‘Giovanna’ than in those of ‘Grazia’ cultivar, and increasing from berry color-break to full ripening. In berries, a positive correlation between PAL and flavonoids (r = 0.44), and between PAL and anthocyanins (r = 0.69), as well as a negative correlation between PAL and total polyphenols (r = −0.471), were found.

Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Total Polyphenol and Total Flavonoid Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Matić ◽  
Marija Sabljić ◽  
Lidija Jakobek
Keyword(s):  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Validation Parameters

Abstract The aim of this study was to validate spectrophotometric methods for the measurement of total polyphenol (TP; via the Folin–Ciocalteu method) and total flavonoid (TF) content [via the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method]. Validation parameters of these methods were determined, including linearity, sensitivity, precision (intra-assay and intermediate), accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. For the validation process, groups of polyphenol standards were used, including phenolic acids (gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids), flavan-3-ols [(+)-catechin and procyanidins B1 and B2], flavonols (quercetin and quercetin-3-rutinoside), and dihydrochalcones (phloretin and phloretin-2-glucoside). Obtained validation parameters were within acceptable ranges with high determination coefficients, reasonably low LODs and LOQs, and high slopes in the calibration curves for both methods, except for phloretin and phloretin-2-glucoside, for which there were low slopes in the calibration curves for the AlCl3 method. To evaluate differences in polyphenol content, the validated spectrophotometric methods were used to determine TP and TF content in wines (Plavac, Graševina, and Vranac) and juices (blueberry, strawberry, and blackcurrant juice) according to the polyphenol calibration curves. Polyphenol contents were different for both methods in all wines and juices.

scholarly journals Different Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Trelagliptin and Its Acid Degradation Product

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Mowaka ◽  
Bassam M. Ayoub ◽  
Mostafa A. Hassan ◽  
Wafaa A. Zaghary
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Mean Centering ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Major Acid

New spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were carried out for the simultaneous assay of trelagliptin (TRG) and its acid degradation product (TAD) and applied successfully as a stability indicating assay to recently approved Zafatek® tablets. TAD was monitored using TLC to ensure complete degradation. Furthermore, HPLC was used to confirm dealing with one major acid degradation product. The proposed methods were developed by manipulating zero-order, first-derivative, and ratio spectra of TRG and TAD using simultaneous equation, first-derivative, and mean-centering methods, respectively. Using Spectra Manager II and Minitab v.14 software, the absorbance at 274 nm–260.4 nm, amplitudes at 260.4 nm–274.0 nm, and mean-centered values at 287.6 nm–257.2 nm were measured against methanol as a blank for TRG and TAD, respectively. Linearity and the other validation parameters were acceptable at concentration ranges of 5–50 μg/mL and 2.5–25 μg/mL for TRG and TAD, respectively. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimized methods were compared and proved to be accurate for the simultaneous assay of TRG and TAD.

scholarly journals Changes in the composition of proteins in the blood during the period of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, modeled by a violation of blood flow in the liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
G Sh Garayev ◽  
J R Gafarova ◽  
R E Jafarova
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Liver Ischemia ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Quantitative Changes

On the experimental model of liver ischemia-reperfusion, quantitative changes in protein composition in the blood of white outbred rats were investigated. It was found that against the background of a 10-minute ischemia, the total protein content decreased by 0,9%, albumins by 1,5% (p0,05). The content of globulins practically did not change, and the content of fibrinogen increased by 33,3% (p0,05). In the corresponding periods of reperfusion compared with intact values, the content of total protein and albumins decreased, and globulins and fibrinogen increased. The intensity of changes in the quantitative and qualitative content of proteins in the blood of animals depended on both the duration of the ischemia period and the duration of reperfusion. At the same time, the increase in the level of globulins in the blood occurred more intensively during reperfusion after 20 minutes of ischemia. Thus, against the background of ischemia, there are changes in the quantitative composition of plasma proteins (total protein, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen). As the duration of ischemia increases, pathological changes increase. With reperfusion, the process continues unidirectionally, but against the background of a deeper ischemia lasting 20 minutes, some parameters of the pathological changes in the blood composition are less pronounced than against a background of reperfusion after a 10-minute ischemia. This phenomenon is explained by the activation of the protective and adaptive functions of the body.

scholarly journals Changes of quality of rennets during storing

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Monika Kozelková ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Táňa Lužová ◽  
Květoslava Šustová ◽  
Aneta Bubeníčková
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Total Color Change ◽  
Instrumental Methods

This work deals about evaluation of qualitative parameters of rennets. During the six months storing of rennets were determined following qualitative parameters: pH, rennet coagulation time, activity (strange) of rennet and dose of rennet, and finally were used instrumental methods: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for recognizing age of rennets and spectrophotometric methods of determining the color of rennets. The theory found in the references suggests, that the activity of rennet should decrease by an average of 1–2 % per month, but the results are showing, that are changing quality of rennets namely mostly activity (strange) of rennet, which was decreased by 33% per half year. In analysis of color of rennets weren’t observed major changes by the whole group. Some statistical differences were detected in the partial values L*a*b*, most advantageous were evaluation by rennet total color change during storage, which were higher than noticeable change in four samples. The least color changes (P > 0.05) were observed in microbial rennets, with no values observed (ΔEab < 2) that can be recognized even by the human eye when subjected to parallel comparison. It was found that the NIR analysis can be used to recognizing of rennets, which are different ages.

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