scholarly journals Change in species composition of vegetation on various-aged set-aside lands of the Volga Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07015
Author(s):  
Artem Sokolov ◽  
Galina Sokolova ◽  
Shamil Bairambekov ◽  
Tamara Boeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Volga Delta ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Study Species

The object of the present research is set-aside lands of various ages. The study was aimed to identify the main biological groups of weed growing on set-aside lands of the Volga Delta, which were removed from production in different years. Within the study, species composition of set-aside lands’ vegetation was defined, which amounted to 28 species and 16 families. The plant community of set-aside lands includes such large families as Asteraceae (5 species), Poaceae (4 species), Brassicaceae (3 species). It was observed that quantitative species composition of set-aside lands’ flora has been changing depending on its age: the older a set-aside land is, the less species grow there. In spring and summer seasons, ephemeral, annual and biennial weeds prevailed, while in autumn perennial plants did: the latter were estimated of 75-80%, their wet weight amounted up to 70-92% of total weight due to the plentiful growth and development of a perennial rhizome plant named Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel. The research has lasted for 10 years and allowed observing a 14-32% increase in a number of plants belonging to a xerophyte group on longstanding set-aside lands with low level of soil moisture. Agro-ecosystems of various-aged set-aside lands hosted the development of flora having different vegetative weight that is capable of accumulating solar energy. Significant amount of accumulated energy reduced the entropy of the environment and improved its ecological state. On an old-aged set-aside land, corps of perennial plants vegetating for a long time have been maximally accumulating energy and gained 25712.42 MJ/ha.

Filth flies associated with municipal solid waste and impact of delay in cover soil application on adult filth fly emergence in a sanitary landfill in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Nurita ◽  
A. Abu Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
Fortnightly Interval ◽  
Study Species

AbstractTwo types of municipal solid waste (MSW), newly arrived and 2 weeks old, were sampled from a sanitary landfill in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia at a fortnightly interval and kept under field conditions for 2 weeks. A total of 480 kg of each type of MSW was sampled to study species composition and impact of delays in cover soil applications on filth fly emergence. Out of 960 kg of MSW sampled, 9.2 ± 0.5 flies emerged per kilogram. Weekly adult fly emergence rates of newly arrived and 2-week-old waste did not differ significantly and MSW remained suitable for fly breeding for up to 1 month. Eight species of flies emerged from the MSW: namely, Musca domestica, Musca sorbens, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Hydrotaea chalcogaster, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia cuprina, Hemipyrellia ligurriens and Sarcophaga sp. Newly arrived waste was determined to be the main source for M. domestica, C. megacephala and L. cuprina in the landfill owing to significantly higher mean emergence compared with 2-week-old waste. Musca sorbens was found in newly arrived waste but not in 2-week-old waste, suggesting that the species was able to survive transportation to landfill but unable to survive landfill conditions. Hemipyrellia ligurriens, H. chalcogaster and S. nudiseta were not imported into the landfill with MSW and pre-existing flies in and around the landfill itself may be their source. The results show that landfills can be a major source of fly breeding if cover soil or temporary cover is not applied daily or on a regular schedule.

scholarly journals Unfenced Borders Cause Differences in Vegetation and Fauna Between Protected and Unprotected Areas in a Tropical Savanna

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291987037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Nyamukuru ◽  
John-Arvid Grytnes ◽  
John R. S. Tabuti ◽  
Ørjan Totland
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Protected areas generally occur within a matrix of intensively human-modified landscapes. As a way to maintain the biodiversity in these areas, enclosure by fencing is often preferred. This strategy, however, is costly and little is known about the effectiveness of the alternative of unfenced borders on the vegetation and fauna. The objectives of this study are to assess whether there is a distinct difference in biodiversity and composition of plants and mammals between the protected Lake Mburo National Park and the adjacent ranchlands across an unfenced border and to determine the associations between vegetation and faunal species over the same border. We recorded herbaceous vegetation, woody vegetation, and mammal species composition in plots 300 to 500 m away from the border both inside the protected area and in the adjacent ranchlands. The species composition of herbs and mammals in the protected area differ from the adjacent ranchlands, but there is no difference for trees and shrubs. After accounting for land-use type, distance from the border did not significantly account for any additional variation. We also find a correlation between the species composition of vegetation and fauna. Our results suggest that unfenced borders around protected areas create a clear effect.

scholarly journals The role of far-red light (FR) in photomorphogenesis and its use in greenhouse plant production

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Bojka KUMP
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
Quality Of Products

<p>Light energy is one of the most important factors regulating the growth and development of plants. In greenhouses and other controlled- environments in which the natural radiation intensities are often low, plant production relies on supplementary lighting to optimize the photosynthesis, increase production levels, and enable year-round production. For a long time, the research related to artificial lighting sources focused on the optimization of the efficiency of use for photosynthesis. The quality of light in plant production has been widely addressed only recently with the development of advanced LED technology that is energy efficient and enables the control of the spectral composition of light. Red and far-red light are sensed by the phytochromes that trigger several morphological and developmental processes that impact productivity and yield quality. Thus, to efficiently exploit all the advantages of LEDs and to develop LED arrays for specific plant applications, it is essential to understand thoroughly how light quality influences plant growth and development. This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in light quality manipulation, focusing on far-red light and the R: FR ratio, to improve yield and quality of products and to manage plant architecture and flowering in vegetable and ornamental horticulture.</p>

Effects of parasitization by the insect parasite Hyposoter exiguae on the growth, development and physiology of its host Trichoplusia ni

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Esterase ◽  
Insect Parasite ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Growth Development

SummaryThe weight gain and growth rate of Trichoplusia ni larvae were severely depressed following parasitization by the insect parasite, Hyposoter exiguae. The development of the host was also delayed and juvenile hormone esterase activity present at the normal time of moulting was absent in parasitized insects. Similar effects on growth and development were achieved by rearing host insects on nutrient-deficient media. Accompanying the above effects of parasitization were alterations in dry/wet weight ratio and host haemolymph osmolality. Parasitization resulted in immediate increases in the concentrations of haemolymph non-glycogen carbohydrate (composed of trehalose, maltose and glucose) and protein. The concentration of fat body glycogen also increased following parasitization. In contrast, the concentration of haemolymph non-glycogen carbohydrate and protein, as well as fat body glycogen, decreased in nutrient-deprived larvae. The significance of the above results as they relate to the insect parasite–host relationship is discussed.

Soil–Plant Relationships in Saline Wastelands: Vegetation, Soils, and Successional Changes, During Biological Amelioration

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Kauser A. Malik ◽  
M.A.K. Lodhi ◽  
Khalid Hamid Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Biological Amelioration ◽  
Kallar Grass ◽  
Study Species

An ecological survey of undisturbed saline wastelands and adjacent fields of Kallar Grass (Leptochloa fusca) was undertaken to study species distribution in relation to soil conditions and changes in species composition during amelioration processes. Five plant communities, represented by Atriplex crassifolia C.A. Mey., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf, Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk., and Eleusine flagellifera Nees, had colonized undisturbed areas. Soils of plant communities dominated by these species showed significant variations in salinity and sodicity. S. fruticosa was dominant on highly saline–sodic soil, Cynodon on slightly saline and moderately sodic soil, whereas D. bipinnata showed little variation in cover percentage with changes in salinity and sodicity of soil. These three species had wide ecological amplitude compared with E. flagellifera and A. crassifolia, which were restricted to non-saline and marginally saline–sodic soils, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of Social Infrastructure Due to Growth and Development in Roads: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Joyoti Gayen ◽  
Debashis Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Long Time

Rural connectivity is essential for the socio-economic development of rural areas. Various studies reveal that a higher socioeconomic progress is occurring in areas with paved roads for a long time. The linkages are either direct or indirect. It has been observed in this study that places with better transportation systems lead to improved accessibility to education, healthcare and drinking water facilities. It has been found that improved road infrastructure also increases the transport facility which gives better access to healthcare and education. It has been observed that enrolment in secondary/higher secondary schools increases due to access to rural roads.

scholarly journals Effect of Watering Frequency on The Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Agus Saputera ◽  
Antar Sofyan ◽  
Riza Adrianoor Saputra ◽  
Noorkomala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Oyster mushrooms have the conditions of growing at low temperatures and high relative humidity, so when you want to cultivate it is needed an appropriate environment for the growth and development of oyster mushroom. Banjarbaru City tends to have high temperatures with a relative humidity that tends to below. This is quite different from the requirements for growing oyster mushrooms which require low temperatures with relatively high humidity. One of the easiest and cheapest methods to maintain temperature and relative humidity to remain ideal and appropriate is to water the surrounding oyster mushrooms growing media, so knowledge of the most appropriate and ideal watering frequency for growth and development of oyster mushrooms is needed. The environmental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a single factor with 4 treatments, 5 replications, so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The treatments are p1 = once watering per day, p2 = twice watering per day, p3 = three times watering per day, p4 = four times watering per day. The result showed that the watering frequency gave a real difference to the growth time of oyster mushroom shoots and the wet weight of oyster mushrooms. The best treatment in accelerating the time to grow oyster mushroom shoots and increasing the wet weight of oyster mushrooms is the treatment of watering frequency four times per day.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Proportion faunal assemblage of rodents in geoecological districts of Mordovia, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Andreychev Alexey
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract. Andrechev A. 2020. Short Communication: Proportion faunal assemblage of rodents in geoecological districts of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 21: 3961-3968. In one natural area, animals may have different distribution. In some areas they inhabit, and in other areas, they do not inhabit. Scientists have been working on this issue for a long time. In this study reports that the species composition and distribution of species varies depending on geoecological districts. Twenty-eight rodent species have been recorded in the territory of Mordovia. The largest number of species in the region belongs to those living in coniferous and broad-leaved forests (42.9%). In the second place in terms of representation are species widely distributed in several natural areas (28.5%). They are slightly inferior to the types of steppe fauna (25%). The taiga type of fauna is represented by only 3.6% of the total number of registered species. For each geoecological district, the features of the rodent fauna are given and rare species are identified. The forest-steppe region of Mordovia is compared in rodent fauna with other regions of Russia with different typical faunal assemblages.

scholarly journals Age and Land Use as Factors Differentiating Hydrochemistry and Plant Cover of Astatic Ponds in Post-Agricultural Landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mętrak ◽  
Paweł Pawlikowski ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Small, astatic ponds are important features of post-glacial landscape, which support heterogeneity and biodiversity of agricultural areas. In the presented research we explored differences in hydrochemistry and plant cover of 20 small ponds located in Northeastern Poland, characterized by diverse age and developed in differently managed areas. According to our research, though changes in water level are under direct influence of water balance in the catchment, to which belonged the ponds, their hydrochemistry seemed to be shaped by processes at the level lower than the catchment scale. Age of the ponds appeared to be an important factor influencing density and species composition of vegetation developed on the studied ponds.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK LIMBAH CAIR NANAS (LCN) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SELADA

BIOLOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Moh Muarif ◽  
Agus Sujarwanta ◽  
Handoko Santoso ◽  
Muhfahroyin Muhfahroyin
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Biology Learning ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: This research is an experimental research, which aims to determine the effect of variation dosage in of organic pineapple liquid waste fertilizer,  on the growth and productivity of red lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L) and its potential as learning resources of biology learning. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design with 1 control and 3 treatment combinations and 5 repetitions. This research was conducted for 30 days. The parameters which is used in this research include plant height and wet weight of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L), with supporting data in the form of number of leaves and stem diameter. The main data is tabulated and analysed using the SPSS 25.0 application which includes Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results of this research can be concluded that the application of organic fertillizer from pineaplle liquid waste has a significant influence on the growth and product of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The results of the research be used as a practical guide on plant growth and development materials.

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