scholarly journals The need for pension reform in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13029
Author(s):  
Galina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The relevance of the paper is caused by the fact that the current pension system did not satisfy either citizens, since their pensions were extremely miserable, neither employers due to the high level of contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, nor the government, since the low level of pensions caused social and, as a consequence, political tension, nor the subjects of the Russian Federation, since the unfunded pension system obliged the regions to deduct funds from their own funds to cover pension obligations to subsidized regions. The way out of this situation is the creation of a new pension reform, which will increase the size of the pension by increasing the income of the pension system itself. The main goal of the pension reform is to increase the welfare of Russian citizens after they retire. The subject of the study is a new pension reform, the stimulus of which was to become a transition from an unfunded to a defined contribution pension system. The aim of the study is to identify the main economic reasons for creating a new pension reform. Methodology. To study the new pension reform, the main indicators are systematized: the minimum length of service for assigning an insurance pension, the amount of pension points for the period from 2015 to 2024 and subsequent years, and pension calculation formulas. Results. According to the new pension reform, the employee is encouraged to show full salary for employers to pay insurance contributions. The conditions are created to remove real wages from the “shadow”. The unfunded pension system caused social instability, caused a conflict of generations, workers and employers, destabilized the authorities. The new pension reform is designed to provide conditions for mutual assistance of generations and social partnership. The unfunded pension system led to the fact that pension payments were a heavy burden on the economy. The new pension system, at the expense of the funded part of the insurance contribution, creates an investment resource of “long money” (with a demand period of 25-30 years). Thus, the pension system not only serves elderly citizens, but also really works to develop the domestic economy.

scholarly journals Economic Crimes as an Evaluation Indicator of the State of Economic Security of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Yuri Naydenyshev ◽  
Anna Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Economic security is an important system-forming element of the country of laws and the well-being of the population. The negative phenomenon of crime has a significant impact on all processes taking place in the socioeconomic sphere. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of criminal activity in the economic sphere of society on the state of economic security of the Russian Federation and the southern regions of the country in particular. The study is devoted to the search of ways to prevent crimes in the economic sphere, as well as ways to improve the investigation methodology. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the methods of formal logic (analysis, synthesis and analogy), general scientific (comparison), and specific methods of cognition (statistical method, typology method). As a result of the structural analysis of the state of economic and corruption crime in the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Krai in particular, the specific vectors of its influence on the living standards of the population and accordingly on the economic situation in the country have been determined. The trend in recent years, on the one hand, is characterized by positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in the total number of committed crimes. On the other hand, the proportion of economic and corruption crimes in the structure of the total number of officially registered crimes in Russia is characterized by growth. In addition, the damage caused by crime types under analysis also grows annually. This negative trend of illegal acts in the economic sphere damages the entire organizational and managerial activity of the government and negatively affects the state of national business. On the basis of the results of the study, specific measures which prevent economic and corruption crimes are proposed, the use of which will help to achieve the necessary level of economic security of Russia as a country with a well-developed infrastructure and an attractive socio-economic climate. Besides, the use of these measures will contribute to the normal functioning of the government machine and achievement of a high level and standard of living of the population.

scholarly journals Structural-Functional Analysis of a Pension as an Object of Pension Legal Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
I. R. Mamatkazin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pension Coverage ◽  
State Pension

The pension system of the Russian Federation has undergone three fundamental reforms. In 1992, the first law on pensions began to operate in Russia, which significantly differed from the Union legislation. In 2002, insurance principles were introduced into the pension system, which led to a change in the entire system of pension coverage for persons working under an employment contract, including new types of pension coverage. In 2015, there was a significant reform of the existing insurance pension system, which in its significance is no less significant than all the previous changes in the pension legislation. Each pension reform changed the procedure for calculating pensions, legislatively establishing a new pension formula for determining the amount of a pension. Along with this, the structural elements of pensions also changed. At the same time, it is possible to identify similar features in the structural elements of pensions assigned in different periods, but at the functional level. The totality of similar functions of pension elements allows us to talk about certain patterns in the development of the pension provision of the Russian Federation. So, despite the change in the nature of pensions from state to insurance, the essence of pensions, in general, remained the same. Moreover, the essence and functions of the elements of state and insurance pensions are largely the same. The pension is a social security payment with a complex structure. The presence of a structure, the presence of elements and connections between them, indicates a complex function performed by a pension. This function cannot be reduced to a compensatory function, a function of assistance or a function of substitution of earnings. There is an element in the pension structure that reflects past employment. In pensions of different nature, this happens in different ways: wages are taken into account (in state pensions) or insurance contributions (in compulsory pension insurance pensions). In addition, the pension should include an element that increases the amount of the pension in the presence of special circumstances of a subjective nature: disabled dependents, the need for constant outside care. In pensions for state pension provision, such an element is supplements to pensions; in compulsory pension insurance, this function is performed by a fixed payment. Social pensions and funded pension are one-component payments, which raises questions not only about the nature of these pensions, but also about their essence.

scholarly journals CURRENT PROBLEMS OFFINANCE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF IMPACT OF GLOBALRISKS ON THE NATIONALECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Vorobyova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Financial Strategy ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Process

In modern conditions of increasing impact of global risks on the national economy, the role of financial support for the socio-economic development of the state is increasing. Financial problems are generated largely by the external environment. Consequently, in order to fulfill the tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop a financial strategy that will allow, taking into account the highest external and internal risks, to ensure the development of the economy and social sphere. The article examines topical problems of finance in the context of economic globalization and the emergence of new challenges and threats at the mega-level, in other words, for all of humanity. Based on statistical data, expert assessments, analysis of scientific literature, the article proposes a set of measures to reduce the high level of global risks, and also considers the possibilities of ensuring an acceptable level of internal risks in the country. The study identified problems at all stages of the financial process, namely, in the formation, distribution and use of financial resources. On the basis of the analysis, conclusions were drawn and ways were proposed for solving urgent financial problems in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Economic Policy and Analysis of the Draft Forcast by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Up to 2024

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
R. S. Dzarasov ◽  
G. P. Zhuravleva ◽  
E. V. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Topicality of the document prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation -the Forecast of the Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation up to 2024 (hereafter referred to as the MED Forecast) implies both estimation of principle factors, which can affect the development of economy in the country within the set period and at the same time demonstration of the potential effect of steps planned by the government. The article shows that it is the draft of the forecast and of the strategy of the country development. The authors think that the document shall be reviewed as a proposal, where key factors of economy will be budget rule execution, i.e. fixing long-term restrictions on budget policy indicators; investment in the fixed capital attended by certain measures of the government aimed at creating conditions for their growth; monetary and credit policy providing economic development stability; pension reform connected with the supposed improvement on labour market. Methodological foundation of the research was formed by a number of academic methods, such as observation and collection of facts, modeling, analysis and synthesis, system approach, induction and deduction, historic and logical methods. It is a combination of modes that are used for comprehensive characteristic of phenomenon and process development through digital data. Nature of set tasks determined the necessity to apply such method as the archive search and the comparative method.

Pension Reforms in India: Unresolved Issues and Policy Choices

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Tax Subsidy ◽  
The Government

Ageing populations with increased life expectancy, low mortality rates, and decreasing and volatile returns in financial markets have made old age financial security difficult. Further, escalating costs of the pension system are forcing the Indian government to re- evaluate its programmes providing social security to its employees. The government has so far received three official reports (namely, OASIS, IRDA, and Bhattacharya) which have examined the issue and suggested several measures to provide a safety net to the ageing population. This paper examines the recommendations made in these reports and analyses the potential effects of them. It is organized around five policy questions: Should the reformed system create individual (funded defined-contribution) accounts or should it remain a single collective fund with a defined-benefit formula? The policy issue is who bears the risk - individual or society collectively. If individual accounts are adopted, should public or private agencies administer the reformed system? The issues that need to be resolved are: the magnitude of intermediation costs, agency problem (principal-agent fiduciary relationship), and the costs to administer the plan. Should fund managers of retirement savings be allowed to invest in a diversified portfolio that includes shares and private bonds? Equity markets are highly volatile and go through long periods of feasts and famine. Guarantees need to be provided in the form of minimum return or providing minimum basic pension on retirement and the bearer of these conjectural liabilities needs to be decided. What should be the level of government fiscal support in the form of tax subsidy, foregone tax collections, grants, administrative costs incurred by its agencies, and level of assumed contingent liabilities in case the government guarantees minimum pension? The crucial question is: how much and to whom is this subsidy accruing? Should the government move toward advance funding of its pension obligations for its employees or should these obligations continue to be financed on pay-as-you-go basis? The present problem in the government pension system is due to successive governments behaving like Santa Clauses ignoring the cost to the exchequer. Mere privatization would not be able to solve these problems. An all-embracing pension reform is not possible overnight. Efforts should be made to find ways of supporting new systems that may supplement existing systems. Suggested measures include: A tax-financed and means-tested system for lower income groups. To build second pillar, continue publicly managed public system for people earning less than Rs 6,500 a month; and for others who can bear the risk, appoint an independent regulator to help develop and supervise private sector in offering risk- return efficient pension products with tax subsidy already available under Section B0CCC. There is no moral justification in India for providing tax benefits to privileged groups to build third pillar. Government should refrain from frequent tinkering of tax laws to benefit a few. This paper also suggests specific fiscal and other measures for implementing a feasible and viable pension system in lndian conditions. For the present, the least that the government can do is to appoint an independent regulator who would also act as developer and make EPFO an independent agency having professional experts on its board.

THE NEW PENSION REFORM – PATH TO PROSPERITY OR POVERTY? REALITIES AND EXPECTATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
L. M. TSALLAGOVA ◽  
◽  
N. B. KETOEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The article presents materials that allow us to trace the implementation of the new pension reform conceived by the government of the Russian Federation and the reality that makes us fear the possible risk of social negativity among people of retirement age and younger generations.

scholarly journals The state of the Russian grain market

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
A. M. Agapkin ◽  
I. A. Makhotina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Grain Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Grain production determines the stable functioning of the food market and the economic security of Russia. The authors present an assessment of the results of the analysis of the cultivation and sale of grain crops in the Russian Federation, show the dynamics of the Russian grain market and determine the prospects for its development in comparison with world grain producers. A decrease in the dependence of this market on the negative impact of external factors was revealed. It is noted that the domestic demand for grain crops tends to decrease, while the export remains at a high level. In this regard, the role of grain as a strategic export commodity for the Russian Federation is increasing, which has a significant impact on the economy as a whole and the budget of the Russian Federation in particular. At the same time, the Government of the Russian Federation uses various mechanisms for regulating prices for grain crops, such as curbing grain exports with tariff quotas. The article also presents data on the volume of world grain production over the past ten years, analyzes the structure of production by types of grain crops. Based on the given forecasts of the FAO and the International Grain Council (IGC) regarding the production and consumption of cereals in the world in the next two years, the authors assume an increase in the export potential of Russia, primarily wheat. The study used general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction.

Regulatory Guillotine in the Field of Industrial Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
E.V. Klovach ◽  
◽  
A.S. Pecherkin ◽  
V.K. Shalaev ◽  
V.I. Sidorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
State Control ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Executive Body

In Russia, the reform of the regulatory guillotine is being implemented in the field of control and supervisory activity. It should result in a new regulatory system formed according to the principles specified in the key federal laws: «On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation» (Law on Control) and «On mandatory requirements in the Russian Federation» (Law on Mandatory Requirements) adopted in August 2020. In the field of industrial safety, this process was launched by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 1192, which will come into force on January 1, 2021. The main provisions are discussed in the article, which are related to the Law on Control and the Law on Mandatory Requirements. The Law on Control establishes the priority of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of causing harm in relation to the control activities, the grounds for carrying out control (supervisory) activities, the types of these activities in the forms of interaction with the controlled person and without such, the procedure for presentation of the results of control (supervisory) activity. The Law on Mandatory Requirements establishes that the provisions of regulatory legal acts should enter into force either from March 1 or September 1, but not earlier than 90 days after their official publication, and their validity period should not exceed 6 years. The drafts of regulatory legal acts developed by the federal executive bodies are subject to regulatory impact assessment. With a view to ensuring systematization of mandatory require ments, their register is kept. The federal executive body prepares a report on the achievement of the goals of mandatory requirements introduction. By January 1, 2021, 10 resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, 48 federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety and 9 other regulatory legal acts of Rostechnadzor should be adopted. The drafts of all the documents are already prepared, some of the acts are completing the process of discussion and approval.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

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