scholarly journals Study of rice genotypes and their use in the process of selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
M. Y. Khayitov ◽  
B. I. Qalandarov ◽  
M. A. Ergashev ◽  
M. A. Axtamov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Inflorescence Length

This research was aimed the use of non-traditional, biochemical marker-based selection methods in synchronization with classical methods in rice selection, rapid adaptation to adverse environmental factors, disease tolerance, lodging and shedding resistance, high yield and technological quality of rice. According to the results of the experiment, 42 varieties in 2018, 28 in 2019 and 39 in 2020 with a total of 109 combinations of 7172 flowers were selected with the participation of varieties and specimens that are resistant to various environmental influences and diseases, high yield, high grain quality. was carried out. The results of the hybridization showed that 118 (or 3.78%) in 2018, 117 (or 5.35%) in 2019, 81 (or 4.35%) in 2020, a total of 316 (or 4.4%) hybrid populations were taken. F1 generation hybrids obtained from the combinations of Chongwang x TShD 15-13 and Chongwang x 227-09, was recommended not to use these combinations in future studies due to the low dominance of “Ruvak” (paniculo is a type of plant inflorescence) length and 1000 grain weight.

Grain quality of spring wheat varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
S Batbold
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Flour Production ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Spring wheat is main crop of Mongolia and sown more 90% of agricultural planting area. Total wheat production of Mongolia are increasing gradually, but out of strong and valuable wheat for bread and flour production. Main case of providing sustainable wheat production are develop and widely cultivate strong and valuable wheat varieties resistant to abiotic stresses, with high yield and good quality. Spring wheat varieties by HMW-GS loci were similar, but variety Darkhan-166 /Arvin/ was more than others varieties. Wheat varieties Darkhan-144, KP-547-12, Darkhan-131, Darkhan-144 and KP-561-12 have a high 1000 grain weight (41.5-44.8 g). Spring wheat varieties KP-547-12, Darkhan-131 and KP-561-12 have a high dry gluten content (13.1-14.2%). Water absorption of spring wheat varieties were 61-62% and by this parameters Darkhan-131, Darkhan-166 and KP-547-12 varieties were a high. Dough development time of wheat varieties were 8-13 мин and Darkhan-131, Darkhan-166, Darkhan-172 and KP-547-12 varieties have a high flour power. Wheat varieties Darkhan-131 and KP-547-12 have a high dough energy (828.8-857.2 g.mm).

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Waves on the Grain Quality of Seven European Wheat Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tomás ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
First Time

Wheat is undoubtedly one of the most important crops worldwide and it is essential to study how the distinct varieties answer to heat waves associated with climatic changes, in order to design adequate wheat breeding strategies. To assess high temperature (HT) impact in wheat grain characteristics, seven commercial varieties, which have been recommended for production in Portugal, were submitted for one-week HT treatment ten days after anthesis. Firstly, predicted grain technological quality was determined by giving high scores for all varieties studied, based on the allelic compositions of genes encoding high molecular weight glutenins, granule-bound starch synthase and puroindolines. The effects of HT on transcription levels of those genes were, for the first time, evaluated in distinct wheat genotypes, in comparison with control plants. Finally, protein fraction content in mature grains were also estimated in untreated and treated plants. Immature grains from plants, maintained in control conditions, showed significant intervarietal differences in transcription levels of genes associated with grain quality traits, a variability that was significantly reduced in grains from HT treated plants. On the other hand, the influence of HT in mature grain protein-fractions and in gliadin/glutenin ratios revealed intervarietal diversity, even with opposite effects in some varieties. The present study, therefore, discloses marked variability in parameters associated with flour quality between the wheat varieties analyzed, which are differentially affected by HT treatments, similar to heat waves frequently observed in climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Grain Quality and Multivariate Analysis of Various Quality Parameters in Rice Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasturi Majumder ◽  
Disharee Nath ◽  
Rambilash Mallick ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Thirty-six rice genotypes were evaluated for thirteen different quality parameters along with yield/plant to assess genetic estimates of the traits and the extent of genetic diversity among the varieties. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine GCV, PCV, heritability and GA of the genotypes with respect to all characters. Significant variation was observed in many traits among the genotypes offering scope for selection. Correlation analysis determined the nature of relationship among these characters. UPGMA studies revealed six major clusters and cluster I and II were the largest with maximum number of genotypes. The study identified that the varieties namely, Black Gora, Kalinga-2, Dudheswar, ARC 10086, IR-36, IR-64 and Nipponbare possessed good quality traits and high yield performance. The current study indicated that developing rice varieties for consumer acceptance with good grain quality traits along with high yield will be very useful in rice breeding and in selection of parents for hybridization to combine both high yield and improved quality traits.

scholarly journals Triticale breeding improvement by the intraspecific and remote hybridization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
I. Diordiieva ◽  
Ia. Riabovol ◽  
L. Riabovol
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
State Register ◽  
Group I ◽  
National University ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The purpose of our research was to expand the genetic diversity and to create the new winter Triticale materials with high grain quality by use of intraspecific and remote hybridization, involving them in the breeding of high-yield cultivars. Samples of winter Triticale were created by intraspecific and remote hybridization methods using multiple individual selections at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine). We created the collection of winter Triticale, which includes more than 300 samples. It consists of unique recombinant forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable indicators. The obtained samples were divided according to the plant height into medium-stemmed (over 100 cm), low-stemmed (80–99 cm), short-stemmed (60–79 cm) and dwarf (??60 cm). The sample 68 combined high yield (6.95 t/ha) and grain quality (protein content — 12.8%, gluten — 27.8%, 1000-grain weight — 50.5 g, grain unit — 690 g/l). Sample 83 was characterized by high protein content (14.2%) and gluten (30.2%) of group I, and was up to the standard yield (6.35 t/ha). We created the cultivars of winter Triticale ‘Navarra’ and ‘Strateg’ that listed in the State Register of Plant Cultivars Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2018.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WHEAT YIELD QUALITY IN DEPENDENCE ON MINERAL SUPPLY THROUGH LEAVES

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
Aldis Stramkalis ◽  
Gatis Pakarna ◽  
Māra Vikmane
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Mineral Supply ◽  
Quality Technology ◽  
Yield Quality

Spring wheat is a significant crop in Latvia. The fertilisation influences the crop yield and the quality greatly.The main task of experiments: to test the effect of micronutrients (DDMn) and macronutrients (Phosific) supplied through leaves for the modeling environment protecting high yield and grain quality technology’. The grain yield, the quality and the physiological activity were detected.The mineral supply through leaves during the wheat heading phase increased yield for more than 0.2 - 0.4 t ha'1 in comparison with the control. The physiological activity of grains is higher, but there is no significant influence on the quality of grains.

scholarly journals Understanding of Gene Action for Nutritional Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crosses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lingaiah ◽  
Surender Raju ◽  
N. Sarla ◽  
K. Radhika ◽  
V. Venkanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Selection Strategies

Background: The nature of inheritance and type of gene action governing nutritional traits are complex, hence a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding and selection strategies for combining high quality with high yield. The present investigation was carried out to understand the gene action and inheritance of yield and nutritional quality traits in rice. Methods: Crosses were effected with ten parents in diallel fashion without reciprocals during kharif, 2014, in the next rabi 2014-15 itself, all the 45 F1s without reciprocals along with parents and two check varieties were grown for producing sufficient F2 seed. The data obtained from F1s and parents were analysed as per Method II (F1s + parents) and Model - I (fixed effect) of Griffing (1956) for combining ability. Result: In the present study, cross combinations viz., WGL-32100 x DRR Dhan-40, Ramappa x RP-Bio-5478-176 for intermediate amylose, WGL-32100 x Ramappa for high protein content, MTU 1010 x RP-Bio-5478-166, WGL-32100 x RP-Bio-5478-166 for iron concentration and RP-Bio-5478-166 x DRR Dhan-40, for zinc concentration were identified as the top ranking ones for further advancement.

Evaluation of spring triticale genotypes by duration of phenological phases, yield and grain quality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р. Абделькави ◽  
А. Соловьёв
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Variety Testing

Исследования проводились в Московской области в 20172018 годах. В настоящее время тритикале ( Triticosecale Wittm.) в основном является кормовой культурой, однако она ценна и для пищевого направления использования. Целью работы было выявление генотипов яровой тритикале, обладающих высокой урожайностью и хорошим качеством зерна. Изучены элементы структуры урожая и качество зерна шести сортов отечественной и зарубежной селекции, а также шести селекционных линий, полученных коллективом авторов. Эксперимент и анализ результатов работы выполнены по Методике государственного сортоиспытания сельскохозяйственных культур . Метеорологические условия значительно повлияли на формирование различных элементов структуры урожая, а также на качество зерна яровой тритикале. Продолжительность вегетационного периода в 2017 году была почти на 3 недели больше, чем в 2018 году, вследствие его низкой теплообеспеченности. В сложившихся погодных условиях 20172018 годов самой низкорослой была линия П2-13-5-2. Линия С259 характеризовалась наиболее крупным зерном, среднеплотным колосом и высокой урожайностью. Сортообразцы Хлебодар Харьковский, Лана, C238 и Л8665 имели стабильную урожайность на уровне стандарта. Сорта Лана, Sandro и селекционные линии C259, 6-35-5 и П2-13-5-2 показали высокое содержание белка и клейковины в сравнении со стандартом Укро. Выделенные сортообразцы могут быть использованы в селекционных программах на урожайность и хорошее качество зерна. Сорт Ульяна и селекционная линия С259 были наиболее урожайными, адаптивными и характеризовались хорошими показателями качества зерна. Сорт Лана и линии П2-13-5-2 и Л8665 давали хлеб с хорошей общей хлебопекарной оценкой. The research was conducted in the Moscow region in 20172018. Currently triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly a forage crop, but it is also valuable for food use. The aim of the work was to identify genotypes of spring triticale with high yield and good grain quality. The elements of crop structure and grain quality in 6 varieties of domestic and foreign selection, as well as 6 breeding lines obtained by the team of authors were studied. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out by the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the formation of various elements of the crop structure, as well as the quality of spring triticale grain. The duration of the growing season in 2017 was almost 3 weeks longer than in 2018, due to low heat supply. In the current weather conditions of 2017-2018 the plants of the line P2-13-5-2 had the shortest plant height. Line C259 was characterized by the largest grain, medium-dense ear and high yield. Genotypes Khlebodar Kharkovsky, Lana, C238 and L8665 had a stable yield at the standard level. Varieties Lana, Sandro and breeding lines C259, 6-35-5 and P2-13-5-2 showed a high content of protein and gluten in comparison with the standard Ukro. The selected varieties can be used in breeding programs for yield and good quality of grain. Variety Ulyana and breeding line C259 were the most productive, adaptive and characterized by good indicators of grain quality. Lana variety and lines P2-13-5-2 and L8665 gave bread with a good overall baking score.

Relation of ear survival to the nitrogen content of certain varieties of barley: With a statistical study

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hunter ◽  
H. O. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

1. The high grain-yielding capacity and low total nitrogen content of predominant British varieties of barley, in conjunction with high ear survival at harvest, are discussed.2. The results of a series of quantitative comparisons in which increased tillering was promoted by the application of nitrate of soda at various phases of plant development, and similarly when tillers were removed at various stages, were examined.3. It was shown that the effect of nitrogen on the yield and quality of the grain depends upon the time in relation to the stage of plant development at which it was applied; the early applications enhanced the yield without detriment to the quality of the grain, whilst the later applications did not increase the yield but increased the total nitrogen content, and consequently reduced the malting quality of the grain.4. The increase in yield was obtained primarily by an increase in the number of surviving tillers and to a less extent by an increase in yield of grain per ear; the latter was in some cases accompanied by an increase in 1000-grain weight. High ear survival in varieties such as those under examination may consequently be regarded as an index of high yield of grain and of low total nitrogen content.5. The removal of tillers resulted in increased total nitrogen content and increased 1000-grain weight in the grain of the main stem; the former was not affected by the stage of development of the plant at which abscission was made, but the highest value of the latter was obtained when the abscission was made before flowering.6. The relation of 1000-grain weight and nitrogen content was discussed, and it was shown that high 1000-grain weight may exist with both high and low total nitrogen. Although the 1000-grain weight is an hereditary attribute it is subject to considerable fluctuation and cannot by itself be usefully employed as an index of nitrogen content, and consequently of malting quality, in either an inter- or intra-varietal sense.

scholarly journals GRAIN QUALITY OF MUTANT LINES INDUCED IN MALTING BARLEY VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
B. Dyulgerova ◽  
N. Dyulgerov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty-three mutant lines selected on the base of their high grain yield along with parent varieties Kuber, Zagorets, Asparuh, and Imeon were grown in field trials at the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat in three consecutive years. Eight physical and chemical characteristics of grain related to the grain quality of malting barley were measured. There was considerable variation among barley mutant lines for all studied traits. Mutant lines with higher extract content, grain uniformity, 1000 grain weight, and lower protein content in grain compared to parent varieties were found. The correlations among traits showed that improvement of extract content of mutant lines was associated with increased grain uniformity, starch content, grain size, and 1000 grain weight and reduced protein content. The results from cluster analysis indicated that mutants originated from the same parent were grouped into different clusters. Therefore, the sodium azide treatment effectively induced diverse types of changes in the grain characteristics.

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