scholarly journals Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Waves on the Grain Quality of Seven European Wheat Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tomás ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
First Time

Wheat is undoubtedly one of the most important crops worldwide and it is essential to study how the distinct varieties answer to heat waves associated with climatic changes, in order to design adequate wheat breeding strategies. To assess high temperature (HT) impact in wheat grain characteristics, seven commercial varieties, which have been recommended for production in Portugal, were submitted for one-week HT treatment ten days after anthesis. Firstly, predicted grain technological quality was determined by giving high scores for all varieties studied, based on the allelic compositions of genes encoding high molecular weight glutenins, granule-bound starch synthase and puroindolines. The effects of HT on transcription levels of those genes were, for the first time, evaluated in distinct wheat genotypes, in comparison with control plants. Finally, protein fraction content in mature grains were also estimated in untreated and treated plants. Immature grains from plants, maintained in control conditions, showed significant intervarietal differences in transcription levels of genes associated with grain quality traits, a variability that was significantly reduced in grains from HT treated plants. On the other hand, the influence of HT in mature grain protein-fractions and in gliadin/glutenin ratios revealed intervarietal diversity, even with opposite effects in some varieties. The present study, therefore, discloses marked variability in parameters associated with flour quality between the wheat varieties analyzed, which are differentially affected by HT treatments, similar to heat waves frequently observed in climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Influence of different agronomic practices on yield and quality of grains of new winter wheat varieties of breeding of North Caucasian federal scientific agricultural center

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Е ШЕСТАКОВА ◽  
Elena Shestakova ◽  
Ф. Ерошенко ◽  
F. Eroshenko ◽  
Лусине Оганян ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Pure Steam

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the main technological methods of cultivation on the formation of the crop and grain quality of new varieties of soft winter wheat breeding North-Cavcasus FARC. Methods. Statement of field experiment and generalization of research results are made in accordance with the methodical instructions of B. A. Dospekhov. Accounting harvest was performed with the combine method. Technological assessment of winter wheat grain quality was determined according to GOST R 54478-2011. Results. The conducted researches showed that on the predecessor pure steam the studied new grades of a winter wheat form not only a big crop, but also the best quality of grain, in comparison with the predecessor a winter wheat. So, on average in grades for 2015-2018 productivity and amount of crude gluten of a winter wheat in our experiences on the steam predecessor on control made, respectively, 5,0 t/ha and 17,5 %, and on the winter wheat predecessor ‒ 3,4 t/ha and 16,4 %. Improvement of conditions of mineral food provided increase in productivity and amount of crude gluten on the predecessor pure steam, respectively, on 2,2 t/ha and on 5,9 items, and on the predecessor a winter wheat – on 1,7 t/ha and on 2,2 items. Our researches showed that on the sum of the indicators defining stability of a grain yield and its quality, the most perspective grades are the Stavka and Stat'. The scientific novelty consists in that, for the first in the conditions of unstable moistening of Stavropol Krai influence of various elements of technology on productivity and quality of grain of a winter wheat of new grades of selection of the North-Cavcasus FARC is studied.

scholarly journals Effects of wheat cultivar and harvest year on technological quality studied by univariate and multivariate analyses

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
I. Švec ◽  
M. Hrušková ◽  
O. Jirsa
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Parameter Values

The effects of wheat cultivar and harvest year on the wheat technological quality were studied by univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Two wheat varieties sown in the harvest years 2003–2005 were used, the first one of European (cultivar Bezostaja, RUS), the second one of American origin (cultivar Jagger, USA). The evaluated parameter values indicated otherness of technological quality of the varieties studied, mostly in the milling effectivity and in proteins contents and quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) results suggested these differences, but their verifiability based on ANOVA testing was not proved. The harvest year mostly affected also the milling quality and alveograph parameters. The baking test results were not affected by either of both effects studied. The crop of 2003 had higher proximity to the crop of 2004 than to that of 2005. Multivariate analysis (cluster analysis; CA), was used to evaluate the interaction between the wheat cultivar and harvest year effects. In comparison of these effects rate, the technological quality of American cultivar Jagger was strongly influenced by the cultivar (with exception of Falling Number and gases volume). In contrast, the quality of the European wheat cultivar Bezostaja depended significantly on the harvest year.

Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

scholarly journals Study of rice genotypes and their use in the process of selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
M. Y. Khayitov ◽  
B. I. Qalandarov ◽  
M. A. Ergashev ◽  
M. A. Axtamov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Inflorescence Length

This research was aimed the use of non-traditional, biochemical marker-based selection methods in synchronization with classical methods in rice selection, rapid adaptation to adverse environmental factors, disease tolerance, lodging and shedding resistance, high yield and technological quality of rice. According to the results of the experiment, 42 varieties in 2018, 28 in 2019 and 39 in 2020 with a total of 109 combinations of 7172 flowers were selected with the participation of varieties and specimens that are resistant to various environmental influences and diseases, high yield, high grain quality. was carried out. The results of the hybridization showed that 118 (or 3.78%) in 2018, 117 (or 5.35%) in 2019, 81 (or 4.35%) in 2020, a total of 316 (or 4.4%) hybrid populations were taken. F1 generation hybrids obtained from the combinations of Chongwang x TShD 15-13 and Chongwang x 227-09, was recommended not to use these combinations in future studies due to the low dominance of “Ruvak” (paniculo is a type of plant inflorescence) length and 1000 grain weight.

Agronomic traits and grain quality of selected spelt wheat varieties versus common wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-675
Author(s):  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
Hanna Sulewska ◽  
Szymańska Grażyna ◽  
Przemysław Matysik
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spelt Wheat

GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SUBTAIGA ZONE OF THE TYUMEN REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Raisa I. Belkina ◽  
Julia A. Letyago ◽  
Victor V. Vidrin ◽  
Tatyana K. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

Technological quality of spring wheat lines at different rainfall levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gut ◽  
A. Bichoński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Baking Industry

Due to developments in the food and baking industry, grain quality determines prices and market options to a large extent. The introduction of high quality wheat varieties into cultivation requires not only favourable technological parameters, but also good adaptation to unfavourable environmental conditions. The level of rainfall in Poland during the spring and summer differs greatly from one years to the other, so the varieties introduced into cultivation must be capable of giving high values of quality parameters with both an excess and deficit of rainfall. the aim of the present work was thus to study whether the quantity of rainfall affected the technological traits determining the industrial usefulness of the crop, and if so, in what way. interactions were observed between the evaluated genotypes and the environmental conditions (particular years and locations), which greatly influenced the average level of the technological traits. This was most strongly observed for traits related to gluten quantity and quality. the rainfall level over the whole vegetation period was not correlated with the technological traits examined, while the rainfall measured in May significantly influenced the sedimentation value and water absorption (r= -0.68** and r= -0.54*), which are the traits most strongly related to the gluten quality and rheological qualities of the dough.

scholarly journals QUALITY INDICATORS OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN ECOLOGICAL VARIETY TRIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
S.V. Podgorny ◽  
◽  
O.V. Skripka ◽  
A.P. Samofalov ◽  
S.N. Gromova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Gluten Content

Improving the quality of wheat grain is an important task of agricultural production. In recent years, the production of strong and valuable wheat, necessary for the production of high-quality baking flour, has decreased. In this regard, the study of the quality of grain varieties of winter wheat in specific soil and climatic conditions of the Rostov region is becoming topical. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the main indicators of grain quality of varieties of soft winter wheat (protein and gluten content, flour strength, bread size from 100 g of flour) in ecological variety trials to select the best under conditions of the Rostov region. The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Laboratory of selection and seed production of winter soft wheat of intensive type of the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»” (Rostov region) in 2014–2016. Seventy-five varieties were studied in the course of the research. Planting dates – optimal for implementation of agricultural and agro-technical measures. Planter – «Wintersteiger Plotseed S.» Seed placement depth – 4–6 cm. Preceding crop – black fallow. Accounting square of fields – 10 m2, double replication. Seeding rate – 4.5 million seeds per hectare. Grain quality was assessed according to the methods of the national standards of the Russian Federation. Such grain quality indicators as gluten content (according to GOST R 54478-2011), protein mass fraction (as required by GOST 108460-91), baking properties of flour (in a laboratory using the remix method) were determined. The article discusses the main indicators of the quality of grain and flour of winter soft wheat varieties in ecological variety testing and compares them. Analysis of the main indicators of the quality of varieties in trials showed that in the south of the Rostov region in 2014–2016 flour strength and gluten content were the most variable indicators. In terms of protein content (> 14.5 %), 8.0 % of the studied varieties were in full compliance with strong wheat standards; by the gluten content (> 28 %) – 7.0 %; by the flour strength (>280 e.a.) – 9.0 %. Five varieties of winter soft wheat: ‘Aksinya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Asket’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Yumpa’ (Russia) with a complex of economically valuable traits are of greater interest for practical breeding in terms of improving grain quality.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОПЕРЕДНИКІВ НА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СОРТОВИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ

2012 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Г. П. Жемела ◽  
А. О. Курочка
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Розглянуто вплив попередників на якість зернарізних за біологічними властивостями сортів пше-ниці м,якої озимої. Найвищі показники вмісту білкав зерні були в сортів Землячка й Володарка. Вста-новлено, що найкращими попередниками для пше-ниці озимої є горох та однорічні бобові трави.Кращі показники якості зерна отримані в сортівЗемлячка й Володарка. Вміст клейковини в зернінаведених вище сортів відповідає рівневі сильнихпшениць. Якість клейковини в зерні відповідаєдругій і третій групам. The predecessors’ influence upon the grain quality of differentsoft winter wheat varieties according to biological properties isexamined. The varieties Zemlyachka and Volodarka had highindices of protein content. It is established that pea and annuallegume glass were the best predecessors. The varietiesZemlyachka and Volodarka had the best indices of grainquality.

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