scholarly journals Impact of main tillage methods on weed infestation of crops in the winter maize, wheat, dried peas rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Khasan Tarchokov ◽  
Magomed Chochaev ◽  
Julietta Tutukova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tillage Methods

The paper presents ways of suppressing weed plants, including a complex of agricultural practices aimed at reducing their harmful effects and further distribution. Many methods to control weed vegetation are known in the field cultivation technology. They differ in terms of the amount of expired costs and labor, economic and technical efficiency. As a result of our research, the impact of some tillage methods on the effectiveness of weed suppression on the main field crops in selected Kabardino-Balkaria natural climatic conditions is identified. The goal of the research is to determine the effectiveness of main tillage methods on the Ciscaucasian carbonate chernozems in different zones of the republic. In research conducted in 2015-2018 in the Kabardino-Balkaria steppe zone in crop rotation, with an alternation of maize-winter wheat-pea crops in the suppression of weed plants, a soil treatment system is allocated when the soil treatment on 12-14cm is combined with plowing to a depth of 25-28 cm with the use of related chemical herbicides of various spectrum of actions.

scholarly journals Agrobiological Assessment of Varieties and Some Methods of Growing Garlic in the Forest-steppe Zone of the Republic of Ingushetia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Galaev ◽  
M A Bazgiev ◽  
K Sh Badurgova ◽  
I A Gutseriev ◽  
M Kh Gandarov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic

Increasing production and improving the quality of garlic products is an important production problem. Under the conditions of the vertical zonality of the North Caucasus with varying agroecological conditions, the yield of this crop largely depends on the technology of cultivation and the level of its intensity. Important factors determining the yield and quality of garlic products are varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, quality planting material, cultivation technology that meets the requirements of the crop and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Currently, the potential productivity of the varieties used in the republic is realized only by 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of technologies for their cultivation, taking into account the specific environmental conditions of the region. In this regard, research aimed at studying the basic laws of the formation of yield and product quality varieties of garlic is a pressing issue.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

scholarly journals Challenges of soil carbon sequestration in the NENA region

SOIL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal Darwish ◽  
Thérèse Atallah ◽  
Ali Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Near East North Africa (NENA) region spans over 14 % of the total surface of the Earth and hosts 10 % of its population. Soils of the NENA region are mostly highly vulnerable to degradation, and future food security will much depend on sustainable agricultural measures. Weather variability, drought and depleting vegetation are dominant causes of the decline in soil organic carbon (SOC). In this work the status of SOC was studied, using a land capability model and soil mapping. The land capability model showed that most NENA countries and territories (17 out of 20) suffer from low productive lands (> 80 %). Stocks of SOC were mapped (1:5 000 000) in topsoils (0–0.30 m) and subsoils (0.30–1 m). The maps showed that 69 % of soil resources are shown to have a stock of SOC below the threshold of 30 tons ha−1. The stocks varied between ≈10 tons ha−1 in shrublands and 60 tons ha−1 for evergreen forests. Highest stocks were found in forests, irrigated crops, mixed orchards and saline flooded vegetation. The stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) were higher than those of SOC. In subsoils, the SIC ranged between 25 and 450 tons ha−1, against 20 to 45 tons ha−1 for SOC. Results highlight the contribution of the NENA region to global SOC stock in the topsoil (4.1 %). The paper also discusses agricultural practices that are favorable to carbon sequestration such as organic amendment, no till or minimum tillage, crop rotation and mulching and the constraints caused by geomorphological and climatic conditions. The effects of crop rotations on SOC are related to the amounts of above and belowground biomass produced and retained in the system. Some knowledge gaps exist, especially in aspects related to the impact of climate change and effect of irrigation on SOC, and on SIC at the level of the soil profile and soil landscape. Still, major constraints facing soil carbon sequestration are policy-relevant and socioeconomic in nature, rather than scientific.

Scientific substantiation to update black alder plantation regeneration regulatory framework in russian steppe zone

10.12737/6549 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Турчина ◽  
Tatyana Turchina ◽  
Родин ◽  
Sergey Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Flowsheet Development ◽  
The Impact

Generalization of the experience of practical implementation of the current regulatory framework reforestation suggests that their use in the current version will not contribute to the conservation of plants, increase their productivity and protective role. There are no ways to restore black alder plantations, no standards for planting material and requirements of young animals, the area of which shall be charged to the lands is covered with forest vegetation. We analyzed the impact of agricultural practices, methods of creation, composition and density on survival, growth, productivity of plantations in the experience forest cultures sampling area (13 areas). The results of research were a scientific basis for the development of a regional process flowsheet development of silvicultural areas. In order to clarify and supplement certain provisions of the framework regulations of thinning, we analyzed the results of experimental logging, tasks of which are differentiated. Their effectiveness is determined by the rate of silvicultural stock recovery. In pure stands the optimal conditions for the development of trees at a young age are formed in high density, so thinning is necessary to start from thinnings. Mixed stands are characterized by low redox potential (recovery of the stock occurs only with a decrease the proportion of willow and intensity of cutting up to 20%) and lower total productivity (to 10.3-45.7% with a decrease in the proportion of willow and 45.7% - in its increase). Mode of logging in them should ensure the formation of pure stands. The regional experience of afforestation and the test results of different modes of thinning are the scientific basis for improving the existing “Reforestation regulations” and “Rules of forest tending”, and for the creation of a regional reforestation program.

scholarly journals Trichothecenes in Food and Feed, Relevance to Human and Animal Health and Methods of Detection: A Systematic Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska ◽  
Beata Paszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Impact

Trichothecene mycotoxins are sesquiterpenoid compounds primarily produced by fungi in taxonomical genera such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichothecium, and others, under specific climatic conditions on a worldwide basis. Fusarium mold is a major plant pathogen and produces a number of trichothecene mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (or vomitoxin), nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin. Monogastrics are sensitive to vomitoxin, while poultry and ruminants appear to be less sensitive to some trichothecenes through microbial metabolism of trichothecenes in the gastrointestinal tract. Trichothecene mycotoxins occur worldwide however both total concentrations and the particular mix of toxins present vary with environmental conditions. Proper agricultural practices such as avoiding late harvests, removing overwintered stubble from fields, and avoiding a corn/wheat rotation that favors Fusarium growth in residue can reduce trichothecene contamination of grains. Due to the vague nature of toxic effects attributed to low concentrations of trichothecenes, a solid link between low level exposure and a specific trichothecene is difficult to establish. Multiple factors, such as nutrition, management, and environmental conditions impact animal health and need to be evaluated with the knowledge of the mycotoxin and concentrations known to cause adverse health effects. Future research evaluating the impact of low-level exposure on livestock may clarify the potential impact on immunity. Trichothecenes are rapidly excreted from animals, and residues in edible tissues, milk, or eggs are likely negligible. In chronic exposures to trichothecenes, once the contaminated feed is removed and exposure stopped, animals generally have an excellent prognosis for recovery. This review shows the occurrence of trichothecenes in food and feed in 2011–2020 and their toxic effects and provides a summary of the discussions on the potential public health concerns specifically related to trichothecenes residues in foods associated with the exposure of farm animals to mycotoxin-contaminated feeds and impact to human health. Moreover, the article discusses the methods of their detection.

scholarly journals Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) anatomical, physiological, biochemical and production responses to drought stress - A mini-review essay

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Impact

The cultivated plant climate association in agricultural yields is getting expanded consideration with regards to changing climatic conditions. Abiotic stressors can lead to morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical alterations in harvests, resulting in a significant loss of profit. A comprehension of ecological elements and their communication with physiological cycles is critical for improving agricultural practices. Drought stress is among the main natural factor affecting plant development, growth, and yield measures. Assessing the impact of environmental change and atmospheric variability on tomato crop output will require a thorough understanding of this stress element. The physiology, development, improvement, yield, and quality of the tomato crop are all affected by dry season stress. This mini-review essay presents the most prominent features about the effects of drought stress on tomato crop plant physiology and production, with specific highlighting for the complex relationship between drought stress, and nutrients uptake.

scholarly journals MEDICAL-GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF POPULATION HEALTH IN THE NORTH OSSETIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Alexander BADOV ◽  
◽  
Oleg BADOV ◽  
Juliet BYAZROVA ◽  
Larisa DZAKHOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Congenital Dislocation ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Medico-geographical researches are now becoming particularly relevant, since geographic methods with their inherent complexity, diversity, vision of the territory, the identification of medical geographic factors and the application of cartographic methods can explain the basis of those processes and phenomena that occur on the territory of our country and its regions in terms of the morbidity of the population and find ways to optimize the health system. Methods. Medical geography studies the impact of natural, socio-economic and environmental factors on the health of the population, examines the geography of the spread of diseases and identifies the territorial organization of health. Particular attention is paid to the complexity of research; The identification of interaction, mutual development and mutual influence of geographic factors affecting the health of the population in a particular region, as well as the application of GIS technologies and cartographic methods. Results (discussion). The natural conditions of North Os-setia (excluding the highlands) are generally favorable for the population living. Their diversity (despite the limited territory) leads to significant differences in the level and structure of the population morbidity. Within the republic there are five medical-geographical zones, each of which has its own natural-focal diseases. So, for example, rabies, echinococcosis, trichinosis, intestinal infection, leptospirosis, tularemia are characteristic for the steppe zone (the north of the republic); For the forest zone – ascaridosis, endemic goiter, dental caries, echinococcosis, rabies, trichinosis, leptospirosis. Congenital dislocation of the hip is common in the mountainous zone. And girls get this disease five times more often than boys. In addition, almost all of the republic is characterized by a shortage of fluoride, iodine and some other elements. Conclusions. The study of the geographical factors of the morbidity of the population is of great practical importance since it allows developing measures aimed at preventing many diseases.

scholarly journals Brassica nigra in the steppe Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Brassica Nigra ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Maximum Content

The expansion of the oilseeds adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe Crimea will increase the biodiversity on the peninsula and, therefore, maximize the efficient use of its natural potential. Brassica nígra is an insufficiently studied crop under the conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the biological characteristics, seed productivity, and yield quality indicators of some varieties of Brassica nígra in the aforementioned environmental conditions. We studied two varieties of Brassica nígra namely ‘Niagara’ and ‘Smuglyanka’ under rain-fed conditions without any fertilizers. Preceding crop – winter wheat. Cultivation technology – generally accepted. The growing season of ‘Niagara’ variety was 4-7 days shorter than that of ‘Smuglyanka’. This difference was due to the late emergence of seedlings. However, all the following stages of growth and development took place almost simultaneously. In 2017-2019, ‘Niagara’ variety gave the highest yield (0.45 t/ha) exceeding ‘Smuglyanka’ by 0.15 t/ha. The maximum content of fatty oil was in the ‘Niagara’ seeds – 39.3%; ‘Smuglyanka’ contained 24.7%. The main advantage of ‘Niagara’ – high content of essential oil in the seeds (0.96%), which is 3.7 times higher than in the seeds of the ‘Smuglyanka’ variety.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GENERAL CLIMATE COMFORT IN THE VOLGA REGION, THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI AND THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212-1215
Author(s):  
Ilia B. Andryushin ◽  
E. A. Valtseva ◽  
N. A. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Comfort

Introduction. The problem of the impact of climatic environmental factors on the state of public health and, as a consequence, the exacerbation of chronic diseases in meteosensitive people is considered. Aim of thу study to assess the overall comfort of the climate in the territories of the Volga region (Mari El Republic, Chuvash Republic, and Nizhny Novgorod Region), the Altai Republic and the Khakassia Republic. Material and methods. In order to identify interregional differences in the living conditions of the population, an assessment of the degree of overall climate comfort in the study areas were performed on the most significant climatic and bioclimatic indices. They include: the average temperature in the warm months (July, August) and the coldest month of the year (January), the number of contrasting changes of periods with the same type of weather, the index of weather variability, the severity weather of January by Bodman, the number of days with strong wind of six or more meters per second. Results. The obtained data on the degree of climate comfort was processed using a 5-point scale which highlighted the following intervals: values (Km) ranging from 3.51 to 5 - the most comfortable climatic conditions, (Km) values ranging from 2.86 to 3.5 - comfortable enough climatic conditions, (Km) values in the range from 2.3 to 2.85 - the least comfortable climatic conditions. Conclusions. On the territory of the Volga region, the Altai Republic, and the Khakassia Republic, there are two degrees of comfort conditions: the most comfortable and reasonably comfortable, non-voltage compensatory-adaptive mechanisms in people with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Climatic conditions are the risk factors for the development of cardiorespiratory disease and the burden of existing chronic diseases, their assessment is necessary for the development of preventive measures.

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