scholarly journals Russian system of preservation of anthropological potential in the face of increasing threat of emergency situations, natural, man-made and terrorist nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maksim Kochetkov ◽  
Natalya Karmanovskaya ◽  
Tatyana Sharoglazova
Keyword(s):  
State System ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
The Face ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Military

The problem of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, including terrorist acts is investigated. The improvement of weapons and the professionalization of terrorist organizations make it difficult to determine the cause of natural and man-made emergencies. Therefore, the dominance in Russia of the territorial principle of functioning of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations meets the challenges of time less and less. The urgency of mechanisms of extraterritorial mobilization of forces and means of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations is proved. The existing system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of natural and man-made character is connected with the key role of the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia. At the same time, the military Department is in charge of responding to emergency situations determined by military threats. It is proposed to change this hierarchy, defining the leading role of the military Ministry.

The Polish Party in Crisis, 1980–1982

Slavic Review ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Military ◽  
Local Party

Over the last three years, the Polish United Workers’ Party has suffered a major crisis, the most substantial crisis of any Communist party in any Communist party state. The disintegration of the party was at least partly responsible for both the development of Solidarity in the summer of 1980 and the imposition of martial law in December 1981. The lack of trust in the party and its authoritarian and unrepresentative character led the workers to demand an institution more responsive to their own needs. But the growth of Solidarity during 1981 and the continuing disintegration and fragmentation of the party led the military to preempt the leading role of the party in 1982.The collapse of the party in 1980 and 1981 was due to a number of factors. The party leadership had to bear the burden of the economic failures of the late 1970s and the consequent decline in the standard of living. The party itself had grown rapidly in size during that period, even though the influence of ordinary party members and local party organizations declined in the face of increasing tendencies toward centralization in the second half of the decade. This development led to problems of morale even within the party and to the growth of horizontal barriers between the membership and its leaders. The population at large was increasingly annoyed and disgusted with the failure of the party to improve the economic situation and to allow a more honest and open discussion of Poland's problems. The dissatisfaction was compounded by the widespread perception that the elite was increasingly looking after its own interests only and that benefits and privileges were accruing only to those in power.

scholarly journals Emergency and disaster through the eyes of a non-mathematician

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
V.P. Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Definition Of

Background. It is our personal desire and interest to study this topic in more details with the help of competent sources, in connection with frequent natural and man-made emergencies that bring great material losses and human casualties. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks have been defined: to consider the semantic meaning of the known formulations of emergency situations and stages of their development; on the basis of the analysis, to formulate a generalized concept of an emergency; to determine the mechanism for the development of an emergency and catastrophe (catastrophic process); to draw conclusions about the role of an emergency in the development of disasters. Results. There is no universally accepted definition of an emergency. The paper presents a generalized formulation of an emergency situation, close to the most common formulations used in the Western countries. The proposed model of the catastrophe development mechanism made it possible to formulate its definition. An emergency situation and disasters are interconnected, and in this interconnection the leading role is assigned to an emergency situation, which defines a disaster as a function of its potential stage. The latter always exists; therefore, the occurrence of disasters is the norm for our natural and man-made environment. It is proposed to bring the wording of an emergency in accordance with its definition, to introduce into the general characteristics of emergency situations the stages of its development, which take place in all classification options. The expediency of such a proposal is explained by the wide information content of our concept of “emergency stage”, which implies the objectivity of the development of the process and the implementation of various organizational measures. The presented mechanism for the development of disasters is applicable for all types of disasters: biological, social, natural, man-made and environmental, and is universal. To prevent or stop any catastrophe development, it is enough to influence any of its three components.

scholarly journals Emergency Response to Australia’s Black Summer 2019–2020: The Role of a Zoo-Based Conservation Organisation in Wildlife Triage, Rescue, and Resilience for the Future

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Marissa L. Parrott ◽  
Leanne V. Wicker ◽  
Amanda Lamont ◽  
Chris Banks ◽  
Michelle Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
State Government ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Captive Breeding Programs

Modern zoos are increasingly taking a leading role in emergency management and wildlife recovery. In the face of climate change and the predicted increase in frequency and magnitude of catastrophic events, zoos provide specialised expertise to assist wildlife welfare and endangered species recovery. In the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season, now called Australia’s Black Summer, a state government-directed response was developed, assembling specialised individuals and organisations from government, non-government organisations, research institutions, and others. Here, we detail the role of Zoos Victoria staff in wildlife triage and welfare, threatened species evacuation and recovery, media and communications, and fundraising during and after the fires. We share strategies for future resilience, readiness, and the ability to mobilise quickly in catastrophic events. The development of triage protocols, emergency response kits, emergency enclosures, and expanded and new captive breeding programs is underway, as are programs for care of staff mental health and nature-based community healing for people directly affected by the fires. We hope this account of our response to one of the greatest recent threats to Australia’s biodiversity, and steps to prepare for the future will assist other zoos and wildlife organisations around the world in preparations to help wildlife before, during, and after catastrophic events.

scholarly journals International military and civil relations discourse: the specificity of formation at the present stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Roman Titov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Military ◽  
Different Levels

The article studies the specificity of formation of the concept of the information and communication sphere of international relations related to public legitimation of the use of military force. The relations between military and political subjects and the civil society, emerging in this process, are defined by the author as international military and civil relations. The research object is the international military and civil relations discourse formed by the participants for the purpose of organization, preparation and use of military force. The research subject is the peculiarity of its formation at the present stage. The author gives special attention to the issues of information activities of the military policy subjects on the Internet, noting the leading role of electronic media and social networks. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the application of the discourse approach to the analysis of the information activities of military and political subjects. Based on the current understanding of a discourse, the author considers it in terms of the reproduction of ideas in the public conscience. Being a component of the military and political discourse, the international military and civil relations discourse has some peculiarities determined by its purpose, the subjects, producing it, and the specificity of its formation at the present stage. The author suggests considering the international military and civil relations discourse as a developing in time communicative event with different levels of representation which are in constant conceptual connection. The textual level is represented by official documents and statements of heads of states and their coalitions. The contextual level - by discussions, debates and negotiations in Mass Media. The pre-contextual level is represented by feelings, emotions and conditions contained in the public mind and manifested in social networks users’ posts. The author arrives at the conclusion that the international military and civil relations discourse is used as a means of political influence reflecting the ideology and worldview of the subjects producing it.   

scholarly journals Religijne motywy w rewolcie Witaliana w 513-515 roku

Vox Patrum ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
Stanisław Koczwara
Keyword(s):  
Leading Role ◽  
Apostolic See ◽  
The Military

The short of the first twenty years of VI century of Byzantium's history when political changes in Constantinople took place was described in the article The religious motives. The leader of the rebellion indicated two aspects of his pronouncement as the most important ones. They were restoration of the religious union on the East based on resolutions of The Chalcedonian Council and recognition of the leading role of The Apostolic See in the field of guarding religious authenticity. Despite the military defeat Vitalianus' revolt ended with success on the religious field.

scholarly journals ANOTHER FACE OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY: AVATAR ACTIVISM AND JOKER (2019) IMAGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
Gözde KURT ◽  
Ahmet İlkay CEYHAN
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Network Society ◽  
Global Communication ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Face ◽  
Manuel Castells

Joker which was released in 2019 is a popular movie that has reached the global audience. In the same year, the face paint, mask and costume of the Joker character who is in the leading role of the movie Joker (2019) was used by the activists in the protests that took place in different countries. In the theoretical part of this study, by adopting Manuel Castells’ approach which is named as the Network Society, the local and global communication dimensions and influence of Avatar activism are discussed and examined through the character of Joker (2019). In this study, it is revealed that, by using Avatar Activism as a communication tactic, the activists aim to make their neglected problems more visible, to make their voices heard by local and global masses, and to keep the media’s interest in the protests alive for longer. In this context, the statements made by the activists who participated to protests in Lebanon, Chile and China with Joker face paint, mask or costume within the scope of Avatar activism to newspapers and media outlets on the reasons and purposes of their preference for this appearance were subjected to examination by document analysis, which is a qualitative data analysis method, and the theoretical and conceptual infrastructure of the study was supported by direct quotations from related explanations. As a result of this study, it is revealed that in 2019, activists participating in protests in Lebanon, Chile and China made similar statements about the reasons and purposes of preferring the Joker appearance, and within the scope of Avatar activism, they aim to express their neglected problems and make them more visible through the Joker appearance.

scholarly journals Dichotomous approach towards poverty and education as sources of terrorism in the XXI century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mikhail Zelenkov ◽  
Nikita Andreevich Chemezov
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the dichotomous approach towards assessment of the impact of poverty and education level of the society upon the growth in the number of terrorist acts in modern world. The author sets a goal based on the results of study of two counterpoising views on the role of the poverty and education levels in the efficiency casting future recruits of terrorist organizations, determine and substantiate the key factors that produce destructive consequence for members of society, including possibility of involvement into terrorist activity. The theoretical base consists of accumulation of scientific works on analysis of the interconnection between the socioeconomic trends and terrorist activity, as well as result of social polling and statistical data. Methodological frameworks Is based on a complex of method, heuristically and gnoseologically justified by the goal and tasks of this work. The article primarily employs comparative and systemic methods, which allowed discovering and comparing the dichotomy of modern scientific studies on this topic. The gnoseological potential of statistical and sociological methods of quantitative and qualitative research allowed to adequately interpret the multi-vector results of scientific research on the same subject of analysis. The results acquired in this research lead to the conclusion that the socioeconomic roots of future terrorists of XXI century play a substantial role in the activity of recruiters of modern terrorist organizations. Poverty, absence of education and subsequent alienation from the society represent the basic catalysts of terrorism, and provide endless supply of young people for modern terrorist organizations.

scholarly journals Terrorist Threat in the Former Soviet Union in the Face of ISIL’s Defeat in Iraq and Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-705
Author(s):  
Nuradin U. Khanaliyev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The article attempts to identify how methods, strategies and primary activities of Islamist extremist and terrorist organizations have recently evolved. According to the author, this subject has not received adequate coverage in Russian political science. The author uses ISIL as an example of such groups and seeks to prove his thesis, according to which, after being defeated in Iraq and Syria, the organization was forced to search for areas of refuge in order to survive and carry on its terrorist activities. As was expected, ISIL chose Afghanistan as their hideout territory with the purpose of launching terrorist acts against Russia and the countries of Central Asia. For this purpose, the so-called “Caliphate”, or “Vilayet Khorasan”, was created: a branch of ISIL, which operates on the territories of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, as well as in Central Asia. The article also highlights the similarities between the Central Asian states and the Russian Federation as potential targets of terrorist attacks. After analyzing the main ideological and political guidelines and practical actions of ISIL, as well as several other terrorist groups, the author comes to the conclusion that the organizations in question have been experiencing crisis, but, at the same time, are characterized by vitality, especially with regard to ideology and religious values.

scholarly journals Concept of terrorist war in russia during after-reform period

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Alekseevich Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Total War ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Reform Period

The work carried out a historiographic reconstruction of the conceptual justification of the terrorist war in Russia of the post-reform period. The concept of a terrorist war is seen as an alternative to the concept of the Russian liberation movement. On the basis of historical evidence of the «Russian Right», objective preconditions for the formation of the concept of a terrorist war are analyzed. It is shown that the Black-Hundred literature contained the basic definitions of revolutionary terror as a total war aimed at the destruction of the Russian national state. The psychodiagnostic characteristics of terrorists by Russian psychiatrists are given. The historiographic works of modern authors of the patriotic direction are reviewed, in which the concept of a terrorist war developed in black-hundred journalism has been rethought and supplemented. The author analyzed the statistical data and historical evidence of contemporaries about the leading role of revolutionary Jewry in a terrorist war. The reveals the issue of the formation of active participants and leaders of terrorist organizations from the the Jewish Pale, as well as the problem of sponsorship and ideological support of anti-Russian terror by the special services of Western countries. The author raised a topic concerning the ways and methods of resistance of the Russian people to revolutionary gangs. Given the main characteristics of the concept of a terrorist war as an anti-Russian, anti-state, criminal activity. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of the Russian liberation movement is palliative, ideologically one-sided, Russophobic and does not reflect the objective processes of anti-Russian terror. Conversely, the concept of a terrorist war allows researchers to uncover historically accurate facts and approach an objective study of the causes and specifics of the phenomenology of terrorism in Russia.

scholarly journals The role of blood loss in the structure of thanatogenesis factors in explosive injury during peacetime

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
A. P. Trukhan ◽  
I. M. Samokhvalov ◽  
I. A Tolmachev ◽  
B. D. Isakov ◽  
K. P. Golovko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Internal Bleeding ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Medical Examinations

Currently, explosive trauma is rare in peacetime injury surgery, but is of great importance in the work of surgeons. This is due to damage of a large number of anatomical areas, various damaging factors of the explosion and the simultaneous entering of several victims. The results of forensic medical examinations of 24 corpses of people who died as a result of terrorist acts in the subway of Minsk on 11/04/2011 and St. Petersburg on 03/04/2017 were analyzed. Incompatible with life injuries as the immediate cause of death were found only in 33,3% of cases. Profuse blood loss was the immediate cause of death in 66,7% of those killed. The most common (in 87,5% cases) cause of profuse blood loss was internal bleeding: in 7 (50%) cases - due to damage to organs and large vessels of the chest, in 6 (42,9%) cases - due to combined damage to the anatomical structures of the chest and abdomen, in 1 (7,1%) case - due to damage to the parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. The leading role in thanatogenesis during the considered explosive peacetime injuries was occupied by blood loss, its specific gravity was 66,7%. Profuse blood loss in 87,5% of cases was due to damage to the organs of the chest and abdomen. Potentially salvable were 7 (29,2%) dead who received damage to the main vessels of the limbs, damage to internal organs without injuring the heart and large blood vessels. Thus, the development of new ways to stop intracavitary bleeding at the advanced stages of medical care for victims with explosive injuries and injuries is a priority aim.

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