scholarly journals Hydrogeological Characterization and Groundwater Resources Assessment of the Chtouka Coastal Aquifer (SOUTH-WEST, Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Soukaina Benkou ◽  
Abdelkader Larabi ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi ◽  
Oussama Ait Raoui
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
The North ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Right

The coastal aquifer of Chtouka, with an area of 1250 km2, is located south of Agadir city in the Massa basin. The Chtouka aquifer is made up of a complex of heterogeneous formations mainly represented by alluvium and Plio-Quaternary lacustrine limestones which rest on the marls and sandy marls of the Miocene, which constitutes the substratum of this aquifer. The groundwater of the Chtouka aquifer is mainly used for agricultural and drinking water supply of Biougra, Ait Amira centers, and the rural communes of the plain. The average water withdrawals from the groundwater during the period of 2000-2015 are estimated at 85 Mm3/year, of which 90% corresponds to withdrawals by agricultural pumping. These withdrawals generated 58 Mm3/year which has led to a depletion of the groundwater reserves. The aquifer reservoir is mainly supplied by the infiltration of rainwater and partly by the irrigation water percolation by gravity which covers only 2% of the irrigation perimeter with a surface area of 17260 ha. The analysis of piezometric records, carried out for the series of years 1968-2020, showed a general decrease of groundwater level with drawdown values between 3 and 35 m. The sectors most affected by this decrease are located in the northern half where values reach 35 m in the northwest, 9 m in the north around Biougra Ait Amira, and around 14 m in the south. Further east, the recorded cumulative drawdown values oscillate around 8 m. These drawdowns are lower in the coastal zone to the west and hardly exceed 3 m. The obvious drop in the northern sectors of the study area is due to the reduction in groundwater recharge following the succession of dry years, but mainly due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater by agricultural pumping. In the northwest, the drop in the piezometric level is moderated by the impoundment of the modern irrigated perimeter of the Massa large hydraulics, served from the Youssef Ben Tachefine dam water reservoir. To improve our knowledge and our relevant understanding of this aquifer’s functioning, a hydrogeological study was carried out to identify and assess these water resources, in terms of updated piezometric and new balance. Indeed, the aquifer was greatly impacted by the last successive droughts which have hit the region since 2014. This updated assessment of these groundwater resources will contribute to better management of the Chtouka aquifer and will assist the manager in making the right decision regarding water resources planning.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological setting of a Rome city sector: shallow groundwater in the right side of Tiber River inside the G.R.A highway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Clausi ◽  
Roberto Mazza ◽  
Francesco La Vigna ◽  
Isidoro Bonfà
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Groundwater Flow Systems ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Hydrogeological Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

This paper presents a detailed hydrogeological study of a Rome city sector, in the right side of Tiber River, inside the G.R.A. highway. A hydrogeological model of this city sector has been developed through geologic-stratigraphical analysis also of data provided by the Environmental Protection Department of Roma Capitale (Municipality of Rome) and the observation of historical topographic and thematic maps. This model is more detailed than the most recent Hydrogeological Map of Rome (1:50.000 scale), published in 2015, and allowed identifying the shallowest groundwater flow systems for the first time. This detailed model can be a very useful tool for agencies and administrations managing the protection of groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Water Supply of the Population of Ukraine: Level, Problems and Directions of its Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Viktoria Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

The article examines the level of water supply of the population of Ukraine in terms of administrative regions, considers the existing problems, and identifies ways to solve them. Regional differences in the annual water supply of the population of Ukraine per capita in terms of local and transit runoff, forecast resources and operational groundwater reserves, the size of their intake, including daily, and indicators of total water supply in the average water and low water (95 %) years. A comparison with the water supply indicators of other European countries is made. According to the indicated sources of water supply, groups of regions in which the state of water supply is critical have been identified. It is recognized as necessary when developing programs to improve water use, first of all to pay attention to areas that have not only lower indicators of total water supply, but also lower levels of operational reserves and projected groundwater resources, which should be used to meet drinking and sanitation. hygienic needs. The structure of fresh water use and pollution of water discharged together with wastewater are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the level of development, the dynamics of groundwater production, the structure of their use, the nature and causes of pollution. The ecological consequences and main problems caused by the natural shortage of water resources and significant regional differences in their provision, pollution of surface and groundwater and violations of the norms of their use are outlined. It is proposed, taking into account the unfavorable state of water supply in Ukraine as a whole and critical in some regions, to pay attention to the need for gradual introduction of economic methods of influence, through differentiation of prices for water supply of different quality, to water consumers and other economic entities. exploitation of water bodies, collection, preparation, transportation of water resources, which would stimulate the preservation and restoration of this valuable and unalternative natural product. JEL classіfіcatіon: Q25

scholarly journals Preliminary conceptual model of an Alpine carbonate aquifer (Pale di San Martino, Dolomites, Italy)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Lucianetti ◽  
Lucia Mastrorillo ◽  
Roberto Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A hydrogeological and hydrochemical monitoring was conducted in the Pale di San Martino mountain ridge (Trento and Belluno Provinces, Italy) to build a preliminary conceptual model of the groundwater system. The model derives from a combination of new fieldwork and preexisting data provided by various public authorities. New data include geological and hydrogeological surveys, such as in situ measurements of the physical and chemical parameters, geochemical sampling and streamflow measurements. The lithologies outcropping in the area were grouped into seven hydrogeological complexes, each playing a different role in groundwater circulation. The dolomitic body of the ridges forms the main aquifer complex and is located above a terrigenous and evaporitic aquiclude. Due to this geometrical relationship, the site can be considered an isolated hydrostructure with well-defined no-flow boundaries. The main springs outcome near the aquifer-aquiclude boundary and in particular where the elevation of the contact is low and the tectonic pattern favors the drainage. Most of them have a calciumbicarbonate water composition, low temperature and low electrical conductivity, supporting the hypothesis of a fast flowing circulation in carbonate rocks and a high-altitude recharge. Seasonal streamflow measurements allowed the identification of linear springs and provided the first cumulative discharge data at the scale of the entire mountain group. The resulting model highlights a great spatial and temporal variability of the groundwater resources. Considering the geometry of the aquifer and the great seasonal variability of the discharge, it is possible to infer the absence of significant groundwater reserves at a regional scale. Thus, the hydrostructure shows a great capacity to supply water resources (mean discharge of 6 m3/s), but a low selfregulation capacity. It is necessary to consider this aspect when planning a long-term exploitation of the water resources that are used in the area for drinking purposes and hydropower generation.

Vulnerability Assessment of Shallow Aquifers in Abuja using GIS and Hydrogeological Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Etuk ◽  
Igwe Ogbonnaya ◽  
Stefano Viaroli ◽  
Riccardo Petrini ◽  
Viviana Re
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

<p>One of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the federal capital territory of Abuja (Nigeria) is related to the access to safe fresh water resources. This area lies within the drought prone parts of the Sahel region. As in many regions of the world there has been growing competing demands for fresh water as a result of population growth and groundwater quality degradation. In this context, the paucity of data and in depth knowledge of aquifer features and groundwater flow makes groundwater management even more complex, with a severe impact on access to safe water resources for the local populations. To address this challenge, the purpose of the presented research is to generate information on aquifer settings and its vulnerability and on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the available groundwater resources. Remote sensing and GIS were applied to improve the available information on groundwater resources of Abuja. Fundamental information such as recharge rate, availability and vulnerability of groundwater to pollution was determined. Aquifer vulnerability zones were delineated using the DRASTIC model by integrating layers of depth to groundwater, aquifer recharge, aquifer media, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity.  The study area covers about 8000km². The elevation ranges from 62 to 843m a.s.l. with the highest elevations at the North Eastern parts and the lowest elevations at the South Western parts of the study area. There are three soil types in the area, the silty clay, silt loam and clay with clay being the predominant soil type. The five major rock types in the area include migmatite gneiss, schist and metasediment, sandstone and river alluvium, granite and quartzite. The aquifer type is phreatic and the depth to groundwater ranges from 2.8 to 21.9 m. The high recharge areas occurred mostly in highly fractured areas covered with metasedimentary rocks, migmatite gneiss and sandstones. The groundwater vulnerability zones in the study area were grouped into four classes: High, moderate, low and very low. The highly vulnerable zones are the North Eastern parts of the study area covering most parts of Bwari and parts of the municipal council areas and also the Southern parts of the study area covering parts of Kuje and Abaji. They constitute the highly fractured areas covered with silt loam soil type. The very low vulnerable zones are the North Western and Central parts covering mostly Gwgwalada and Kwali areas.  This study demonstrates that GIS and remote sensing techniques are efficient and cost effective tool for delineation of groundwater vulnerability zones. The information obtained will be used as a basis for a geochemical characterization of groundwater quality in the region with the overall goal of supporting new groundwater management plans in the region.</p><p> </p>

Progressive development of water resources in the Middle East for sustainable water supply in a period of climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1931) ◽  
pp. 5339-5350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie S. Issar ◽  
Eilon Adar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The One

The history of the Middle East has been influenced by past global climatic changes. Warm periods caused droughts, resulting in desertification, migration and war. Cold periods were humid and brought prosperity and agricultural settlement to the desert fringes. The forecast based on this correlation is that the present global warming will cause the drying up of the Middle East. As in the past, this negative impact should be mitigated by using the groundwater resources stored from past wetter times. This will involve deep drilling, pumping and modern irrigation methods within the framework of a new policy of ‘progressive development’, which will entail the use of currently undeveloped natural water resources beyond that of present water replenishment. While the use of the one-time groundwater reserves is taking place, a master long-term comprehensive progressive development plan for the Middle East will be prepared. This plan will include the step-by-step development of other water resources such as treated effluents, desalinated brackish groundwater and desalination of seawater.

scholarly journals Modeling and Mapping of coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion using SEAWAT code and GALDIT index technique: the case of the Rmel aquifer – Larache, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jalal El Hamidi ◽  
Abdelkader Larabi ◽  
Mohamed Faouzi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The North ◽  
And Sea Level

The study area of Rmel-O. Ogbane aquifer, located in the north of Morocco, currently faces major water challenges related to the sustainable management of water resources. Climate change and Sea-Level-Rise can increase the risks and costs of water resources management and impact water resources' quantity and quality. Hence, for planning and management, an integrated approach is developed for linking climate models and groundwater models to investigate future impacts of climate change on groundwater resources. Climate projections show an increase in temperature of about 0.45 °C and a reduction in precipitation of 16.7% for 2016-2050. Simulations of seawater intrusion corresponding to various combinations of groundwater extraction predicted climate change and sea-level-rise show that the area will be contaminated on the NW sector of the coastal part. The toe would reach about 5.2 km inland and intrude on high salinity (15–25g/l). Beyond these zones, the contamination of the aquifer will be limited. Moreover, these results were confirmed by the application of the GALDIT method. They reveal that the fringe littoral areas of the aquifer are the most affected by seawater intrusion, with a high risk in the north-western part of the study area.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Strengthening the Right to Sustainable Groundwater (Assessing Model Policy in Bandar Lampung City)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erina Pane
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Right

Implementation of sustainable development related to the management of groundwater resources in the area can be realized with the establishment of a policy which is inseparable from the values prevailing in the society. The formation of ground water resources management policies is not only technically partial, but must also be comprehensive-holistic. Groundwater management activities include the conservation and utilization of groundwater organized to realize the sustainability and continuity of availability of groundwater and its sustainable benefit. Water resources policy in the form of government intervention should be able to improve the efficient use of water resources in an optimal and sustainable and should provide reinforcement right to water for the community. Weight of policy should be placed in a fair way, where the public interest, private interest and the government’s interest is positioned in a balanced condition, but with the requirement that the parties are jointly responsible for creating actions in environmental improvements.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

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