scholarly journals Exsolution in La and Ni co-doped strontium titanate: a suitable anode for running SOFCs on ammonia as alternative fuel

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cavazzani ◽  
Enrico Squizzato ◽  
Elena Brusamarello ◽  
Antonella Glisenti
Keyword(s):  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Ammonia Conversion ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Doped

Ammonia exhibits interesting features as fuel to feed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Herein, Ni and La co-doped strontium titanate was synthetized using wet chemistry route. Ni nanoparticles emerged via exsolution in reducing environment to decorate the surface. X-Ray Diffraction measurements exhibits perovskite structure was also preserved after the exsolution, as expected. H2 – Temperature Programmed Reduction highlights the great resistance of titanates in anode operation condition. Ammonia conversion in nitrogen and hydrogen were investigated by catalytic tests. It begins to decompose at 560°C and the full yield was achieved at 720°C. Electrochemical measurements were recorded at 800°C using 10% of ammonia in Ar. They were analysed though the model of equivalent circuit and two processes were attributed. Results certify Ni exsolution strongly enhances the hydrogen oxidation and the total polarisation resistance in ammonia approaches to the one in hydrogen.

scholarly journals An Efficient Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-Octahydroxanthenes Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Ce-ZSM-11 Zeolite Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameshwar R. Magar ◽  
Ganesh T. Pawar ◽  
Sachin P. Gadekar ◽  
Machhindra Karbhari Lande
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
The One ◽  
Work Up

The Ce-ZSM-11 zeolite has been used as an efficient catalyst for the one pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives from aromatic aldehyde and 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione under reflux condition. The catalyst was characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) techniques. This method provides several advantageous such as use of inexpensive catalyst, simple work-up procedure, high yield of desired product and reusability of catalyst. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 5th January 2018; Revised: 25th May 2018; Accepted: 27th May 2018How to Cite: Magar, R.R., Pawar, G.T., Gadekar, S.P., Lande, M.K. (2018). An Efficient Synthesis of  1,8-Dioxo-Octahydroxanthenes Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Ce-ZSM-11 Zeolite Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (3): 436-446 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.3.2062.436-446)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.2062.436-446 

scholarly journals Effect of Cobalt on Nickel Oxide Toward Reduction Behaviour in Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Norliza Dzakaria ◽  
Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari ◽  
Salma Samidin ◽  
Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin ◽  
Fairous Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
One Step ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Doped

The reduction behaviour of cobalt doped with nickel oxide and undoped nickel oxide (NiO) by hydrogen (H2) in nitrogen (20%, v/v) and carbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen (40%, v/v) atmospheres have been investigated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). TPR results indicate that the reduction of Co doped and undoped nickel oxide in both reductants proceed in one step reduction (NiO → Ni) without intermediate. TPR results also suggested that by adding Co metal into NiO, the reduction to metallic Ni by both reductant gaseous give different intensity of the peak. The reduction process of Co and undoped NiO become faster when H2 was used as a reductant. Furthermore, in H2 atmosphere, Co-NiO give complete reduction to metallic Ni at 700 °C. Meanwhile, XRD analysis indicated that NiO without Co composed better crystallite phases of NiO with higher intensity.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pawel Mierczynski ◽  
Magdalena Mosińska ◽  
Lukasz Szkudlarek ◽  
Karolina Chalupka ◽  
Misa Tatsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by Co-Mn based nanocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zabihi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Eikani ◽  
Mehdi Ardjmand ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Latifi ◽  
Alireza Salehirad
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Temperature Window ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Abstract One of the most significant aspects in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developing suitable catalysts by which the process occurs in a favorable way. At the present work SCR reaction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) was conducted using Co-Mn spinel and its composite with Fe-Mn spinel, as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalysts were fabricated through liquid routes and then their physicochemical properties such as phase composition, degree of agglomeration, particle size distribution, specific surface area and also surface acidic sites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) analysis techniques. The catalytic activity tests in a temperature window of 150–400 °C and gas hourly space velocities of 10,000, 18,000 and 30,000 h−1 revealed that almost in all studied conditions, CoMn2O4/FeMn2O4 nanocomposite exhibited better performance in SCR reaction than CoMn2O4 spinel.

scholarly journals ZnOTe Compounds Grown by DC-Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Hernández-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Series ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Substrate Sample

ZnOTe compounds were grown by DC magnetron cosputtering from pure Tellurium (Te) and Zinc (Zn) cathodes in O2/Ar atmosphere. The applied power on the Zn target was constant equal to 100 W, while the one applied on the Te target took two values, i.e., 5 W and 10 W. Thus, two sample series were obtained in which the variable parameter was the distance from the Te targets to the substrate. Sample compositions were determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) experiments. Structural analysis was done using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry and the growth of the hexagonal w-ZnO phase was identified in the XRD spectra. RBS results showed high bulk homogeneity of the samples forming ZnOTe alloys, with variable Te molar fraction (MF) ranging from 0.48–0.6% and from 1.9–3.1% for the sample series obtained at 5 W and 10 W, respectively. The results reflect great differences between the two sample series, particularly from the structural and optical point of view. These experiments point to the possibility of Te doping ZnO with the permanence of intrinsic defects, as well as the possibility of the formation of other Te solid phases when its content increases. The results and appreciable variations in the band gap transitions were detected from Photoluminescence (PL) measurements.

scholarly journals The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465
Author(s):  
Xuedong Feng ◽  
Jing Yi ◽  
Peng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

AbstractWith the purpose of studying the influence of NO/O2 on the NOx storage activity, a Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by an acid-aided sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The results showed that the composition of the catalyst was well-crystallized and the crystalline size of CeO2 (111) was about 5.7 nm. The mechanism of NO and NO2 storage and NOx temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD) experiments were investigated to evaluate the NOx storage capacity of the catalyst. Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst presented the supreme NOx storage performance at 350℃, and the maximum value reached to 668.8 μmol / gcat. Compared with O2-free condition, NO oxidation to NO2 by O2 had a beneficial effect on the storage performance of NOx. NO-TPD test results showed that the NOx species stored on the catalyst surface still kept relatively stable even below 350℃.

Properties of Sputter Deposited ZnO Films Co-doped with Lithium and Phosphorus

2013 ◽  
Vol 1494 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
T. N. Oder ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
M. Freeman ◽  
M. McMaster ◽  
B. Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
P Type ◽  
Post Deposition ◽  
Co Doped

ABSTRACTThin films of ZnO co-doped with lithium and phosphorus were deposited on sapphire substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The films were sequentially deposited from ultra pure ZnO and Li3PO4 solid targets. Post deposition annealing was carried using a rapid thermal processor in O2 and N2 at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 1000 °C for 3 min. Analyses performed using low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements reveal luminescence peaks at 3.359, 3.306, 3.245 eV for the co-doped samples. The x-ray diffraction 2θ-scans for all the films showed a single peak at about 34.4° with full width at half maximum of about 0.17°. Hall Effect measurements revealed conductivities that change from p-type to n-type over time.

Effects of Film Interfaces on the Properties of Poly-Si Grown by The Metal-Induced Technique for Solar Cell Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhai Ji ◽  
Wayne A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Match ◽  
Silicide Layer ◽  
Layer Sample ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTIn the metal-induced growth (MIG) process, the poly-Si layer hetero-epitaxially grows from a thin silicide layer, formed by reaction of a metal seed-layer and sputtered silicon, due to an extremely close lattice match between silicon and the metal silicide. The produced poly-Si has shown a promising device quality for photovoltaic applications. Recent results show that the interface of the silicide and poly-Si has a significant effect on the properties of the poly-Si which works as an active layer for photon absorption. In the study of the MIG process, two metals were used as a seed-layer, i.e. Ni and Co. Although CoSi2has a larger lattice mismatch with Si (1.2%) than does NiSi2(0.4%), the poly-Si growing from Co has a smoother interface between the poly-Si and silicide, while the one for the Ni seed-layer samples is rather rough. Backscattered XSEM shows that the Ni-contained phase extended into the Si layer by forming long spikes. This might cause crystal defects in the Si layer. The Auger depth profile also showed that the Ni atoms diffuse into the Si layer much more than does the Co. This kind of difference in interface structure causes the different properties of the poly-Si layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the Si layer showed that the Co seed-layer sample had a predominant growth orientation of (220) and the FWHM of 0.2°. The Ni seed-layer samples grew mainly in both <111> and <220> direction, with FWHM of 0.3° and 0.4°, respectively. By comparison, the poly-Si from the Co seed-layer had a higher carrier lifetime of 0.458μs compared to 0.305μs from Ni.

Structural and Optical Properties of Al Co-Doped ZnCoO Thin Film

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 656-659
Author(s):  
Ping Cao ◽  
Yue Bai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Al Doping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Emission ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Co Doped

Al co-doped ZnCoO thin film has been prepared by a sol-gel method. The structural and optical properties of the sample were investigated. X-ray diffraction and UV absorption spectroscopy analyses indicate that Al3+ and Co2+ substitute for Zn2+ without changing the wurtzite structure. With the Al doping, the visible emission increased and the UV emission decreased, which is attributed to the increase of O vacancies and Zn interstitials.

A Novel Hydroxyapatite Carrier for Enrichment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1914-1917
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zhen Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Shan Ning ◽  
Guang He Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bacterial Enrichment ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, a novel and highly efficient hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier for cultivating hydrocarbon degradation bacteria (HDB) is introduced. The HA particles synthesized through a sol-gel method and different heat treatments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET method. The microbial amount and activities of HDB cultivated on HA carriers were quantitatively investigated in order to assess their enriching capabilities. The results showed that HA synthesized at 550°C and the one without calcination could enrich HDB 3 and 2 magnitude orders more than the activated carbon, respectively. Mechanisms of bacterial enrichment on HA and activated carbon were also studied, and it is believed that the high bioactivity and the surface morphology of HA were responsible for the efficient reproduction of HDB. It is concluded that HA is a potential candidate to replace the conventionally used activated carbon as a novel carrier applied in the filed of bioremediation for oil contaminated soil.

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