scholarly journals Study and Search for Main Reason of Lung Cancers Based on Cherenkov Radiation in Environmental Radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 09006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Yusaku Emoto ◽  
Kento Fujihara ◽  
Hideyuki Kawai ◽  
Shota Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cherenkov Radiation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Radioactivity Concentration ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Radon Decay

The number of lung-cancer-related death is highest among all cancers in the world, and it is increasing in Japan where population aging in progressing. The main reason for the lung cancer of non-smokers is regarded to be environmental pollution or exposure of the lung to radon in the nature. The risk of lung cancer was estimated to increase by 8 to 13% per every 100 Bq m-3 concentration of radon in the air. We observed beta rays with maximum energy of 3.27 MeV emitted from 214Bi as one of the progenies based on a detection of Cherenkov radiation. The surface radioactivity concentration of 214Bi on the sample was measured; the relation between the concentration and exposure time for the sample at the room air is researched. The behavior of the radon progenies in the air is discussed by a research for the progenies attaching on the sample after the radon decay. The inhalation of the radon progenies is not clear. Thus, to understand the behavior of progenies in the air make to clear the causal relation between the radon concentration and lung cancers.

A brief overview of clinical implications of desmoglein 3 in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
J. Pancewicz ◽  
W. Niklinska
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Cell To Cell Adhesion ◽  
Desmoglein 3

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite developments in personalized treatment, lung cancer is still problematic for therapy due to resistance and metastasis. Moreover, heterogeneity of lung cancers makes treatment difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel prognostic and diagnostic markers. Desmosomal proteins seem to be a good candidate to be acknowledged due to their function in the cell. Desmosomal proteins are known to be responsible for accurate cell–to–cell adhesion in physiological conditions. In cancer cells, the destabilization of desmosomes by the loss of proteins promotes the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is strongly connected to metastasis. Desmoglein 3 is one of the desmosomal proteins often deregulated in cancer, including lung cancer. Taking the above, our goal was to analyze the results on DSG3 function and its clinical implications in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer: A Classic Example of Tumor Escape and Progression While Providing Opportunities for Immunological Intervention

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Jadus ◽  
Josephine Natividad ◽  
Anthony Mai ◽  
Yi Ouyang ◽  
Nils Lambrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Escape ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Castrate Resistant

Lung cancers remain one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world today (12.5% of newly diagnosed cancers) despite current advances in chemo- and radiation therapies. Often, by the time these tumors are diagnosed, they have already metastasized. These tumors demonstrate the classic hallmarks of cancer in that they have advanced defensive strategies allowing them to escape various standard oncological treatments. Immunotherapy is making inroads towards effectively treating other fatal cancers, such as melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and castrate-resistant prostate cancers. This paper will cover the escape mechanisms of bronchogenic lung cancer that must be overcome before they can be successfully treated. We also review the history of immunotherapy directed towards lung cancers.

Enhancing 18F-FDG-PET/CT analysis in lung cancer patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapfhammer ◽  
T. Winkens ◽  
T. Lesser ◽  
A. Reissig ◽  
M. Steinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Tumour Infiltration

SummaryAim: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and value of CT-CT image fusion to assess the shift of peripheral lung cancers with/-out chest wall infiltration, comparing computed tomography acquisitions in shallow-breathing (SB-CT) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH-CT) in patients undergoing FDG-PET/ CT for lung cancer staging. Methods: Image fusion of SB-CT and DIBH-CT was performed with a multimodal workstation used for nuclear medicine fusion imaging. The distance of intrathoracic landmarks and the positional shift of tumours were measured using semitransparent overlay of both CT series. Statistical analyses were adjusted for confounders of tumour infiltration. Cutoff levels were calculated for prediction of no-/infiltration. Results: Lateral pleural recessus and diaphragm showed the largest respiratory excursions. Infiltrating lung cancers showed more limited respiratory shifts than non-infiltrating tumours. A large respiratory tumour-motility accurately predicted non-infiltration. However, the tumour shifts were limited and variable, limiting the accuracy of prediction. Conclusion: This pilot fusion study proved feasible and allowed a simple analysis of the respiratory shifts of peripheral lung tumours using CT-CT image fusion in a PET/CT setting. The calculated cutoffs were useful in predicting the exclusion of chest wall infiltration but did not accurately predict tumour infiltration. This method can provide additional qualitative information in patients with lung cancers with contact to the chest wall but unclear CT evidence of infiltration undergoing PET/CT without the need of additional investigations. Considering the small sample size investigated, further studies are necessary to verify the obtained results.

Drug Combinatorial Therapies for the Treatment of KRAS Mutated Lung Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 2128-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao He ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Zhao Cheng ◽  
Xiaoying Qian ◽  
Lei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Egfr Tkis

: KRAS is the most common oncogene to be mutated in lung cancer, and therapeutics directly targeting KRAS have proven to be challenging. The mutations of KRAS are associated with poor prognosis, and resistance to both adjuvant therapy and targeted EGFR TKI. EGFR TKIs provide significant clinical benefit for patients whose tumors bear EGFR mutations. However, tumors with KRAS mutations rarely respond to the EGFR TKI therapy. Thus, combination therapy is essential for the treatment of lung cancers with KRAS mutations. EGFR TKI combined with inhibitors of MAPKs, PI3K/mTOR, HDAC, Wee1, PARP, CDK and Hsp90, even miRNAs and immunotherapy, were reviewed. Although the effects of the combination vary, the combined therapeutics are one of the best options at present to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer.

Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-883
Author(s):  
Sajad Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Technologies

Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.

scholarly journals Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Sheetal Parida ◽  
Sumit Siddharth ◽  
Dipali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Normal Lungs ◽  
Related Mortality

Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Drug Tolerance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancers with EGFR Mutations

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590
Author(s):  
Kenichi Suda ◽  
Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Egfr Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Egfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Egfr Mutated

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) serve as the standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with lung cancers with EGFR-activating mutations. However, the acquisition of resistance to EGFR TKIs is almost inevitable, with extremely rare exceptions, and drug-tolerant cells (DTCs) that demonstrate reversible drug insensitivity and that survive the early phase of TKI exposure are hypothesized to be an important source of cancer cells that eventually acquire irreversible resistance. Numerous studies on the molecular mechanisms of drug tolerance of EGFR-mutated lung cancers employ lung cancer cell lines as models. Here, we reviewed these studies to generally describe the features, potential origins, and candidate molecular mechanisms of DTCs. The rapid development of an optimal treatment for EGFR-mutated lung cancer will require a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the drug insensitivity of DTCs.

scholarly journals The Role of Surgery in Lung Cancer Treatment: Present Indications and Future Perspectives—State of the Art

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
François Montagne ◽  
Florian Guisier ◽  
Nicolas Venissac ◽  
Jean-Marc Baste
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are different today, due to the increased use of screening programs and of innovative systemic therapies, leading to the diagnosis of earlier and pre-invasive tumors, and of more advanced and controlled metastatic tumors. Surgery for NSCLC remains the cornerstone treatment when it can be performed. The role of surgery and surgeons has also evolved because surgeons not only perform the initial curative lung cancer resection but they also accompany and follow-up patients from pre-operative rehabilitation, to treatment for recurrences. Surgery is personalized, according to cancer characteristics, including cancer extensions, from pre-invasive and local tumors to locally advanced, metastatic disease, or residual disease after medical treatment, anticipating recurrences, and patients’ characteristics. Surgical management is constantly evolving to offer the best oncologic resection adapted to each NSCLC stage. Today, NSCLC can be considered as a chronic disease and surgery is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrences, and in palliative conditions to relieve dyspnea and improve patients’ comfort.

scholarly journals Prognostic values, ceRNA network, and immune regulation function of SDPR in KRAS-mutant lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Luo ◽  
Shunli Peng ◽  
Sijie Ding ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Tissue Array ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Molecules ◽  
Cerna Network ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Infiltration Models

Abstract Background Serum Deprivation Protein Response (SDPR) plays an important role in formation of pulmonary alveoli. However, the functions and values of SDPR in lung cancer remain unknown. We explored prognostic value, expression pattern, and biological function of SDPR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS-mutant lung cancers. Methods SDPR expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot on human NSCLC cells, lung adenocarcinoma tissue array, KRAS-mutant transgenic mice, TCGA and GEO datasets. Prognostic values of SDPR were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Bioinformatics implications of SDPR including SDPR-combined transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs were predicted. In addition, correlations between SDPR, immune checkpoint molecules, and tumor infiltration models were illustrated. Results SDPR expression was downregulated in tumor cells and tissues. Low SDPR expression was an independent factor that correlated with shorter overall survival of patients both in lung cancer and KRAS-mutant subgroups. Meanwhile, ceRNA network was constructed to clarify the regulatory and biological functions of SDPR. Negative correlations were found between SDPR and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF9, and TDO2). Moreover, diversity immune infiltration models were observed in NSCLC with different SDPR expression and copy number variation (CNV) patterns. Conclusions This study elucidated regulation network of SDPR in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, and it illustrated correlations between low SDPR expression and suppressed immune system, unfolding a prognostic factor and potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, especially for KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

scholarly journals Targeting HSPA1A in ARID2-deficient lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yuetong Wang ◽  
Zhaoyuan Fang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Integrative Analyses

Abstract Somatic mutations of the chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 are observed in about 7% of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of ARID2 in the pathogenesis of LUAD remains largely unknown. Here we find that ARID2 expression is decreased during the malignant progression of both human and mice LUAD. Using two KrasG12D-based genetically engineered murine models (GEMM), we demonstrate that ARID2 knockout significantly promotes lung cancer malignant progression and shortens the overall survival. Consistently, ARID2 knockdown significantly promotes cell proliferation in human and mice lung cancer cells. Through integrative analyses of Chip-Seq and RNA-Seq data, we find that Hspa1a is up-regulated by Arid2 loss. Knockdown of Hspa1a specifically inhibits malignant progression of Arid2-deficient but not Arid2-wt lung cancers in both cell lines as well as animal models. Treatment with Hspa1a inhibitor could significantly inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer with Arid2 deficiency. Together, our findings establish ARID2 as an important tumor suppressor in LUAD with novel mechanistic insights, and further identify HSPA1A as a potential therapeutic target in ARID2-deficient LUAD.

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