scholarly journals Advances and Breakthroughs in Titanium forgings for critical structural parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
J. Lecadet ◽  
R. Forestier ◽  
P. Delaborde
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Assuming the high level of properties and reliability of titanium forgings, strong drivers of research and development for forgings are the pressure on cost, the buy to fly ratio reduction and the life cycle. This presentation discusses the potential of optimizations to address these challenges. The first way to concretely answer the question of the cost and of the life cycle is the recycling of manufacturing scrap and end-of-life products, using the concept of circular economy and implementing a short loop from end user to melters. This is a considerable opportunity to mitigate the risks related to the supply of primary material and to the erratic fluctuations of raw material prices. The second step to optimize both the added value and the material consumption consists in adapting accurately the melting and ingot conversion processes to the actual needs of the application and the subsequent transformation processes. Considering the close die forging step, the use of the concept of Design for forging has also a great potential to optimize the cost and the functions of the forgings. Near Net Shape Forging of titanium, using high temperature close die forging is a great opportunity to make a breakthrough in terms of buy to fly ratio. In addition to all these improvements, the use of high-power hydraulic presses is a key element to take full advantage of them and to manufacture large critical parts with more functions. All together these levers could provide drastic cost reductions, and a considerable reduction in the environmental impact, keeping the advantages of titanium forgings in terms of metallurgical integrity, residual stresses and properties. The implementation of these improvements will require continuous efforts of development from the whole titanium supply chain, and collaboration between integrated titanium forgings suppliers and the OEMs.

scholarly journals Features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
L.V. Shumak
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Economic Characteristic ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The market for design work in civil and industrial construction was one of the first to react to the crisis trends during a pandemic in the economy. Back in 2013, the volume of orders declined, and the peak of the decline was in 2014. The main reason for the difficulties is the reduction in investment programs of civil and industrial enterprises, and developers. The Ukrainian market for design works is distinguished by a high level of competition. A large number of design companies are actively working in this market niche. This fact constantly pushes market participants to take active steps to adjust the competitive strategy, positioning strategy and pricing. The primary signs of a crisis in design are also recognized through price indicators, which personify both the cost of the project or design services, and the results of the project enterprise, taking into account the factors that form the price level. In recent years, the price indicators of the construction industry have been unstable and completely dependent on external market conditions. Price as an economic characteristic is a significant regulator in the project market of Ukraine and abroad. The design market is the backbone of the construction industry with a volume of over UAH 1 billion per year and high added value. The field requires highly qualified staffing and the introduction of modern technologies. Outdated systems of training, certification of specialists and technical regulation hinder the development of the project market in Ukraine. The market is prone to underestimated cost of design work. In 2018, the share of design in the total cost of construction in Ukraine averaged 1.5-2%; in France it was 8-13%, and in Great Britain the level reached 10-17%. There is practically no system of state orders for design. Today our market is characterized by technological backwardness. The work of designers is low-paid, which, accordingly, affects the quality. High-quality architecture is more expensive than low-quality one. In Ukraine, the demand for quality design is just beginning to emerge. In this regard, it is very important to create a competitive environment that will contribute to development. The project market, like the construction industry as a whole, is extremely heterogeneous. Currently, there are thousands of various design bureaus and small workshops in Ukraine, employing no more than ten people, and the number of freelance designers cannot be statistically estimated. Prices for design, as well as the approaches used to provide services, differ dramatically in these organizations. A high price for a service does not necessarily guarantee that the quality of its delivery will be the same. Therefore, first of all, one should imagine what kind of work will be performed and what their essence is. Many investors prefer to design their facilities using the services of European specialists. What are the features and secrets of the Ukrainian project market? Are there really so few good designers in their country, and by what parameters can they still be found? The article examines the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian market for design work and the development of design in a pandemic.

scholarly journals Nilai Tambah Produk Olahan Jahe Merah pada UD. VisionBali Herbal Indonesia, Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIEF SETIAWAN ROSO ◽  
I KETUT SUAMBA ◽  
NI WAYAN PUTU ARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Product Output

The Added Value of Processed Red Ginger Product at UD. VisionBali Herbal Indonesia, DenpasarThis research aimed to determine the added value of red ginger as an herbal drink in one production process and to determine the level of profits earned by the company in the red ginger processing in one production process. Determination of the study area was done purposively and the analytical methods used was the method of added value calculation, i.e. the product value is deducted by the value of raw materials and other supporting materials.It can be concluded from the result of the research that the added value of the red ginger processing business obtained in one production process is Rp. 84.600,00/kg. The added value is obtained from the deduction of the value of the product/output of Rp. 175.000,00/kg with the cost of raw material (input prices) Rp. 25.000,00/kg and the contribution of the cost of other inputs of Rp. 65.400,00/kg. It was also found that the profits gained by the manufacturer from the processed red ginger into herbal drink in one production process was Rp. 200.954,06. The suggestion that can be given to the company is to put more attention in the details of its production costs so as not to result in a low ratio of added value and further to improve the marketing of the products, so that people are interested in re-use of herbal medicine that is free of chemical components.

scholarly journals Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B): Production of Compostable Bio-Plastics from Food Waste

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Angeliki Maragkaki ◽  
Ioannis Sampathianakis ◽  
Katerina Katrini ◽  
Eleni Michalodimitraki ◽  
C. Gryparis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Recovered Material ◽  
The Cost

The degree of purity of materials recovered from municipal solid waste (MSW) depends mainly on the objective: the intended use of the recovered material and the cost to recover this material in its pure form, determined by the intensity of the effort and the technology involved. The Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B) Project aims to develop an integrated separation process at the bio-waste source, focusing on Hospitality Units. The quality of the collected bio-waste will be upgraded by removing foreign bodies or even specific categories of food waste, or by adding bio-waste from other, more specialized, sources (e.g. bakery residues) to produce compostable bio-plastics through an optimal synthesis process. Compostable bio-plastics are high added value products, which justify an increase in the cost of the preceding processes. After examining the possibility of further source separation and its results, B2B will study the optimal collection and transport system which decisively affects many qualitative elements, testing and evaluating a relatively high-cost but highly effective solution, that of hand-sorting in order to optimize materials recovery. B2B will identify all the parameters of the production process of PLA monomers and (poly) lactic acid in relation to the quality characteristics of the raw material (bio-waste) collected from Hospitality Units. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of food waste (bio-waste) produced in Hospitality Units will then take place. All the above will be tested on a bench-scale unit that will allow their further study and their substantial improvement, as well as the extraction of realistic results. Finally, the effect of the end-product bio-plastic on the composting and anaerobic digestion of bio-waste will be examined. The expected results from the B2B implementation are an optimized source separation scheme for Hospitality Units, the identification of the appropriate method of upgrading the quality of residues collected for the purpose of bio-plastic production, and eventually an integrated process of converting bio-waste into a high added value product.

NATURAL GAS MARKETING IN AUSTRALIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
A. J. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Up to the present there has been insufficient experience in marketing natural gas in Australia to give precise opinions based upon experience. This paper therefore deals mainly with the problems to be encountered and expected methods of dealing with them.Since natural gas was first discovered, frequent comparisons have been drawn with the American industry's position and it is often suggested that this should form the pattern for Australian development. I would question whether the parallel exists to any great degree as the American industry was established and gained a firm foundation from cheap surplus supply of natural gas.Australia has begun marketing natural gas under much more difficult circumstances. It is being given no opportunity of cheap raw material to build up a load and must fight for much of its business on very narrow cost margin differentials. The American gas distributing industry was able to quickly write off conversion costs and rehabilitate its operation, placing it in a strong position for future marketing activities.Gas Purchase contracts already negotiated are a compromise of conflicting interests. Producers desire maximum well head prices, pipeliners satisfactory margins and distributors an adequate return on investment. Large volume sales are necessary for economic operation but frequently are only obtainable at rates very close to city gate prices.Large special type users, such as power houses or fertilizer plants, can provide base business but due to their special nature, are not considered in detail.Industry generally, is where the major volume sales will be obtained. The first requirement is the construction of tariffs to attract this business but which will not conflict either with existing revenue or with the various types of customers. A new approach to tariffs and special contracts is required by the distributor to meet the flexible nature of competition from the oil industry.The gas marketer must maximize the advantages of natural gas as a fuel. It is not necessary merely to have gas available at attractive prices. Australian industry is extremely conservative and potential users may need education on the true importance of fuel in their operation. Many look at the cost of the fuel only, without realising the other advantages which can be gained from the introduction of this more refined material. Even after supply has commenced, it has been found necessary to spend considerable time with customers to show how the new fuel may be used to the greatest advantage and economy.The third market area lies in domestic and commercial business. The existing traditional market of cooking and water and space heating will remain the basic load and the main requirement is to convince householders of the real value of natural gas. Domestic business is strongly influenced by personal choice and prestige value while sometimes ignoring cost and utility. Other marginal domestic markets will develop, but whilst valuable, are unlikely to provide a significant load.Commercial sales are a market for which natural gas should obtain a very high level of saturation. Its advantages in utilisation and cost are far ahead of any competitive fuel. This market however will need to be sold in a positive way.After the first market developments have taken place, it is expected that gas distributors will consider extending gas purchase contracts. Negotiations should take place under much more realistic conditions, as experience will exist to determine what is a fair basis of purchase to allow further market development to take place.

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH KERIPIK PISANG PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA IBU DEWI (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Malalayang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3A) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Wahyudi ., Mokodongan ◽  
Juliana R. Mandei ◽  
Joachim N.K. Dumais
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the amount of: (1) the cost per one time production, (2) revenue and income per one time production (3) added value from the banana processing business into banana chips. This research was conducted in Kecamatan Malalayang. Data collection begins at the end of February to March 2017. Data collection methods are conducted using primary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews based on a prepared list of questions, as well as on-site observations. The data collected involves: The variable cost is the amount of value influenced by the amount of production of banana chips is the cost of raw materials (bananas) and the cost of fuel (kerosene, LPG gas), Fixed costs consist of: depreciation cost of equipment and construction depreciation or cost other beyond the variable cost. Depreciation is the cost of depreciation per year, ie stove, knife, spoon of fryers, chopper, scales, and trays per year. Additives material are ingredients other than the main ingredients needed in the production process ie cooking oil, sugar, salt, egg yolk, and wrapping plastic. The total cost is all costs incurred in the production of bananas into banana chips. Methods of data analysis conducted in this study are: (1) calculate the total cost per one time production, (2) calculate the business profits processing banana fruit into banana chips per one time production with the formula π = TR - TC. (3) Calculating the added value of the banana processing business into banana chips. The results showed that (1) The amount of cost the banana Dewi chips per production is Rp. 164.000, - with details of banana raw material Rp. 25.000, - and auxiliary materials, among others, cooking oil, sugar, salt, egg yolks cendrawasih, plastic wrapping, and gas Rp. 139.000, -. (2) Large income and income per one time banana banana chips production is 20 packs per one time production with selling price Rp. 20.000, - so the revenue of Dewi banana chips is 400,000, - and (3) the amount of added value from the processing of banana into Dewi banana chips is Rp. 232.555,48 and for the value added to the raw material of banana chips, 232.555.48 divided by 100 bananas the result is 2,325,55, meaning that each banana that is processed into banana chips can give the addition of value of 2,325,55.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR BIAYA, KEUNTUNGAN, DAN NILAI TAMBAH AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KECAMATAN NEGERI KATON KABUPATEN PESAWARAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Ayla Vilin Windyata ◽  
Dwi Haryono ◽  
Maya Riantini
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Profit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

This research aims to analyze the structure of costs, profit, and added value of coconut agroindustry.  This research was a survey method of 38 coconut sugar agroindustries in Negeri Katon Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency.  The data of this research were collected in December 2019 - January 2020.  The analytical methods used in this research were cost structure analysis of total costs, profit analysis based on revenue and total costs, and Hayami added value analysis.  The results of this research indicated that the biggest cost component of the cost structure of coconut sugar production were palm juice (44.21%), then followed by labor cost (24.22%), firewood cost (15.43%), transportation cost (8.45%), wooden box cost (3.47%), tool depreciation cost (1.67%), sodium cost (1.55%), plastic cost (0.69%), and whiting cost (0.31%).  Coconut sugar agroindustry in Negeri Katon Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency received profit as much as IDR1,549,174.33/month.  Added value of coconut sugar was IDR1,111.22/liter of raw material.  It indicated that coconut sugar agroindustry in Negeri Katon Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency had a positive added value and feasible to be developed.Key words: agroindustry, coconut sugar, cost structure, profit, added value

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kapasitas Olah, Ketersediaan Bahan Baku dan Capaian Rendemen Terhadap Harga Pokok Pengolahan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Torgamba PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Yuda Pratama Atmaja ◽  
Erwin Nyak Akoeb ◽  
M. Akbar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Basic Price

Palm oil was first introduced in Indonesia by the Dutch government in 1848, at that time there were 4 oil palm seedlings planted at Bogor Botanical Garden (Botanical Garden) in Bogor, two from Bourbon (Mauritius) and two from the Hortus Botanicus, Amsterdam ( Netherlands). Currently the development of oil palm cultivation is increasing with an area of 2017 covering 11.5 million hectares and the production of palm oil (CPO) has reached ± 30 million tons in 2018. The main objective of this research is to find out the influence of the increase of capacity achievement, availability of raw materials and the achievement of oil and palm kernel oil to the performance of oil palm factory, especially the cost of processing so that it can give added value to the company. Based on the result of the research, it is known that the capacity of X1 is negative but not significant. This is in accordance with the hypothesis, the availability of raw material (X2) is negative but not significant and the yield of rendement (X3) is negative but not significant this is in accordance with the hypothesis and capacity though, the availability of raw materials and yields of yields together have a significant effect on the cost of processing. On the basis of this, then the management should increase attention to the capacity of the process, the availability of raw materials and the achievement of rendemen to minimize the basic price.

scholarly journals Advanced Bioethanol Production: From Novel Raw Materials to Integrated Biorefineries

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Cristina Álvarez ◽  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Paloma Manzanares ◽  
Antonio D. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
The Cost

The production of so-called advanced bioethanol offers several advantages compared to traditional bioethanol production processes in terms of sustainability criteria. This includes, for instance, the use of nonfood crops or residual biomass as raw material and a higher potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The present review focuses on the recent progress related to the production of advanced bioethanol, (i) highlighting current results from using novel biomass sources such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and certain industrial residues (e.g., residues from the paper, food, and beverage industries); (ii) describing new developments in pretreatment technologies for the fractionation and conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as the bioextrusion process or the use of novel ionic liquids; (iii) listing the use of new enzyme catalysts and microbial strains during saccharification and fermentation processes. Furthermore, the most promising biorefinery approaches that will contribute to the cost-competitiveness of advanced bioethanol production processes are also discussed, focusing on innovative technologies and applications that can contribute to achieve a more sustainable and effective utilization of all biomass fractions. Special attention is given to integrated strategies such as lignocellulose-based biorefineries for the simultaneous production of bioethanol and other high added value bioproducts.

Studi Struktur Biaya dan Penerimaan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Pasca Peremajaan Di Kecamatan Sungai Bahar Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mirawati Yanita ◽  
Ernawati HD ◽  
Napitupulu Dompak
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Oil Development ◽  
The Cost

Palm oil development provides benefits in increasing the income of smallholders and communities, where palm oil production becomes the raw material of the processing industry that creates added value in the country.  However, the cost and revenue of palm oil farming is a consideration of smallholders in the implementation of replanting.  This research aims to: (1) describe the oil palm farming in Sungai Bahar Sub-District of Muaro Jambi Regency (2) Analyze the cost structure and revenue of smallholder oil palm in Sungai Bahar Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency. The scope of this research area is Suka Makmur Village, Marga Mulya Village, Mekar Sari Village, Sungai Bahar District Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted by a descriptive and quantitative method using an analysis of the cost structure and revenue of oil palm smallholders. The results showed a replanting palm oil farm area of 2.13 hectares with palm oil of 7 to 8 years and production of 18,170 Kg/Ha/year.  The cost incurred is Rp 25,647,303/Ha/year, and the revenue amounts to Rp. 33,527,655/Ha/Year.  In the future, although there is still a positive difference between the revenue and cost of farming after the replanting, smallholders are suggested better to optimize the resources as an alternative to increasing revenue to meet the needs.

scholarly journals Analisis penilaian daur hidup produk screen printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Ade Astuti Widi Rahayu ◽  
Annisa Indah Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Manufacturing Companies

Increasing consumer concern for environmental sustainability is getting bigger, with the issue of green marketing starting to shift from just as added value to being a priority. The emergence of the green consumer and the growing efforts to protect the environment, encourage the industry to consider the environmental impact caused by each of its activities. Industri screen printing is one of the manufacturing companies located in the Surya Cipta industrial area that produces Screen Printing products. In the process of making Screen Printing with one of the items produced, namely named sheet panel can not be separated from the main raw material and support that has chemical elements that have the potential to harm the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to do an evaluation and analysis to determine the value of the environmental impact produced by using the life cycle assessment and life cycle cost method with the support of simapro software so that the value of eco efficiency index (EEI) can be identified from sheet panel products. From this research, it is known that the value of each life cycle assessment and life cycle score is 58.1768704pt at a cost of USD USD 9389,1355 and the value of the eco efficiency index (EEI) sheet panel product is 0.3245, which means that the eco efficiency sheet is affordable but not environmentally friendly (not sustainable).

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