scholarly journals Modification of aluminum surfaces by supersonic plasma sputtering

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Sergey Ilinykh ◽  
Anastasia Krivorigova ◽  
Nina Ilinykh ◽  
Boris Gelchinski ◽  
Leopold Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Plasma Sputtering ◽  
Supersonic Plasma ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aluminum Surfaces

Surface engineering allows you to change the physical and chemical properties of the surface layers of materials by modifying or applying protective coatings using various methods. Plasma technologies are widely used in various branches of engineering to produce hardening, wear-resistant, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, protective and decorative and other types of coatings that significantly improve the performance properties of products. In this work the results of laboratory studies of the physical and mechanical properties of Ni-B-Cr-Si coatings deposited by supersonic plasma deposition on an aluminum substrate are presented. It is shown that the use of this method of modification of metal surfaces is advisable.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

scholarly journals From nanoscopic to macroscopic photo-driven motion in azobenzene-containing materials

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano L. Oscurato ◽  
Marcella Salvatore ◽  
Pasqualino Maddalena ◽  
Antonio Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Glassy Materials ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe illumination of azobenzene molecules with UV/visible light efficiently converts the molecules between trans and cis isomerization states. Isomerization is accompanied by a large photo-induced molecular motion, which is able to significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the materials in which they are incorporated. In some material systems, the nanoscopic structural movement of the isomerizing azobenzene molecules can be even propagated at macroscopic spatial scales. Reversible large-scale superficial photo-patterning and mechanical photo-actuation are efficiently achieved in azobenzene-containing glassy materials and liquid crystalline elastomers, respectively. This review covers several aspects related to the phenomenology and the applications of the light-driven macroscopic effects observed in these two classes of azomaterials, highlighting many of the possibilities they offer in different fields of science, like photonics, biology, surface engineering and robotics.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Properties and Osteogenic Activity of Polyetheretherketone Coated with Titanate Nanonetwork Structures

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Honghao Zhang ◽  
Satoshi Komasa ◽  
Tetsuji Kusumoto ◽  
Shinsuke Kuwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Osteogenic Activity ◽  
Plasma Sputtering ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a potential substitute for conventional metallic biomedical implants owing to its superior mechanical and chemical properties, as well as biocompatibility. However, its inherent bio-inertness and poor osseointegration limit its use in clinical applications. Herein, thin titanium films were deposited on the PEEK substrate by plasma sputtering, and porous nanonetwork structures were incorporated on the PEEK surface by alkali treatment (PEEK-TNS). Changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the PEEK surface were analyzed to establish the interactions with cell behaviors. The osteoimmunomodulatory properties were evaluated using macrophage cells and osteoblast lineage cells. The functionalized nanostructured surface of PEEK-TNS effectively promoted initial cell adhesion and proliferation, suppressed inflammatory responses, and induced macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Compared with PEEK, PEEK-TNS provided a more beneficial osteoimmune environment, including increased levels of osteogenic, angiogenic, and fibrogenic gene expression, and balanced osteoclast activities. Furthermore, the crosstalk between macrophages and osteoblast cells showed that PEEK-TNS could provide favorable osteoimmunodulatory environment for bone regeneration. PEEK-TNS exhibited high osteogenic activity, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic factor production, and the osteogenesis/osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression of osteoblasts. The study establishes that the fabrication of titanate nanonetwork structures on PEEK surfaces could extract an adequate immune response and favorable osteogenesis for functional bone regeneration. Furthermore, it indicates the potential of PEEK-TNS in implant applications.

scholarly journals ESTUDO DA QUÍMICA DE SUPERFÍCIE PARA SELEÇÃO DE PROTETIVOS HIDRORREPELENTES E SUPORTE TECNOLÓGICO PARA CONSERVAÇÃO E RESTAURO DE BENS PÉTREOS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Silva Barbutti ◽  
Roberto Carlos da Conceição Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

ResumoNeste estudo foram avaliadas as interações entre três representantes minerais constituintes das rochas ornamentais graníticas (quartzo, microclina e muscovita) e três protetivos comerciais com propriedades hidrorrepelentes. Os minerais foram caracterizados química e mineralogicamente por análises de fluorescência e difração de Raios-X (FRX e DRX, respectivamente), enquanto os protetivos foram caracterizados por meio de espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Para avaliação da eficácia dos protetivos, foram realizados estudos de mobilidade eletroforética a partir da avaliação do potencial zeta dos minerais em função do pH, antes e após tratamento com cada produto. Os resultados indicaram melhor desempenho do protetivo a base de siloxano, reduzindo a eletronegatividade da superfície de todos os minerais, principalmente na faixa levemente ácida de pH entre 3 e 6, onde ocorrem os principais intemperismos capazes de alterar as propriedades físico-químicas de rochas expostas em centros urbanos. Foram visualizadas reduções médias de até 15mV para quartzo, 5 mV para muscovita e 20 mV para microclina. Análises prévias das rochas de um monumento e dos protetivos inicialmente elegidos para proteção são importantes para a correta conservação e restauro dos bens pétreos que resguardam seus valores artísticos e culturais. Palavras Chave: conservação e restauro, potencial zeta, mineral AbstractSURFACE CHEMISTRY STUDY FOR THE SELECTION OF HYDRORPEPEAL PROTEINS AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF STONE ASSETS. Interactions between the main minerals that compose the granitic dimension stones (quartz, microcline and muscovite) and three commercial hydrophobic protective coatings were investigated in this study. The minerals were characterized chemically and mineralogically through fluorescence X-ray analysis (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively, while the protective coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The interactions between minerals and protective coatings were evaluated by zeta potential measurements of the minerals as a function of pH before and after surface treatment with each product. The results showed that only one protective coating was able to reduce the electronegativity in all mineral samples, especially in mildly acidic pH range, where several outdoor weathering effects occur, modifying the physical and chemical properties of stone-built monuments in urban environment. Previous analysis of the stones that constitute the monument as well as preselected products for its treatment are considered important to guide the proper conservation and restoration of stone-built cultural heritages that enshrine their artistic and historical values. Keywords: conservation & restoration, zeta potential, mineral

scholarly journals Effects of pig slurry application on soil physical and chemical properties and glyphosate mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Adilson Pinheiro ◽  
Milton da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pig slurry applied to soil at different rates may affect soil properties and the mobility of chemical compounds within the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rates of pig slurry application in agricultural areas on soil physical and chemical properties and on the mobility of glyphosate through the soil profile. The study was carried out in the 12th year of an experiment with pig slurry applied at rates of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 yr-1 on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Hapludox) soil. In the control, the quantities of P and K removed by harvested grains were replaced in the next crop cycle. Soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, texture, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and chemical properties (organic matter, pH, extractable P, and exchangeable K) were measured. Soil solution samples were collected at depths of 20, 40 and 80 cm using suction lysimeters, and glyphosate concentrations were measured over a 60-day period after slurry application. Soil physical and chemical properties were little affected by the pig slurry applications, but soil pH was reduced and P levels increased in the surface layers. In turn, K levels were increased in sub-surface layers. Glyphosate concentrations tended to decrease over time but were not affected by pig slurry application. The concentrations of glyphosate found in different depths show that the pratice of this application in agricultural soils has the potential for contamination of groundwater, especially when the water table is the surface and heavy rains occur immediately after application.

scholarly journals Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Zidong Wang ◽  
Yuzhi Zhu ◽  
Shiwei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

scholarly journals Rubber Material Properties of Several Rubber Tree Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Wang Kaidian ◽  
Han Quanhui ◽  
Lu qingzhi ◽  
Chen Zhanxiong ◽  
Li Jianhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

：The rubber from rubber tree strain reyan 8-79 (hainan), zhanshi 218-6 (guangdong), yunyan 73-46 and yunyan 75-11 (yunnan) were tested to determine the physical and chemical properties, processing properties of raw rubber and physical and mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results showed that raw rubber from different tree strains had different physical and chemical properties, processing properties,andthe physical and mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber were different as well. Yunyan 75-11 had the highest mooney viscosity, Reyan 8-79 had the highest protein content, Zhanshi 218-6 had the best tensile and tearing strength, Yunyan 73-46 had small elastic modulus, large loss factor and good processing properties.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rural-Road Pavement Concrete in South Korea Containing Air-Cooled Blast-Furnace Slag Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5645
Author(s):  
Byung-Hwan Ahn ◽  
Su-Jin Lee ◽  
Chan-Gi Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical and mechanical properties of pavement concrete for rural roads of South Korea made with air-cooled slag aggregate, which is an industrial byproduct. This study assessed the physical and chemical properties according to the following performance requirements based on the design criteria of the Korea Ministry of Agriculture’s Agricultural Production Infrastructure Maintenance Business Plan and the Korea Expressway Corporation’s Highway Construction Specialized Specifications: slump of 80 mm or greater, air content of 4.5 ± 1.5%, compressive strength of at least 21 MPa, splitting tensile strength of at least 4.2 MPa, and a chloride penetration resistance of less than 4000 C. The slump, air content, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and chloride ion permeability of the aggregate-containing concretes were measured. The air-cooled slag aggregates provided the necessary physical and chemical properties and presented no environmental issues. Furthermore, the slump and air content of concrete made with the aggregates met the target values. The slump decreased and the air content increased with increasing amounts of air-cooled slag aggregate. Mechanical testing of the concretes containing air-cooled slag aggregate established that they met the performance requirements for rural road pavement.

scholarly journals Assessment of Carbonate Rocks, Western Desert of Iraq as Dimension Stones for Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Muhammad Awadh , Linaz Anis Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Western Desert Of Iraq ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The current study aimed to assess the Carbonate rocks as dimension stones for building. Carbonate rocks collected from the Mauddud Formation (Albian- Cenomanian), within the Western Desert of Iraq are studied petrographically, mineralogically and geochemically. Physical and mechanical properties of selected samples are found to assess their suitability as building stones. Field work is carried out and evaluated sampling of three sites of carbonate rocks. Petrography and mineralogy of these rocks are studied using polarized microscope and XRD technique.Three microfacies (peloidal wackstone-packstone, peloidal packstone and crystalline carbonate) are distinguished. Dolomitization, cementation and recrystallization are themain diagenetic processaffecting the physical and chemical properties of them. Dolomite is the predominant mineral in the 1M and 2M sites, whereas calcite is the most predominant mineral in the 3M site, so it is classified as limestone. Chemically samples are analyzedfor SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, MnO and LOI. CaO and MgO are the most predominant oxides confirming the abundance of calcite and dolomiteso it is classified as a calcitic dolomite for 1M and 2M sites while classified as limestone for 3M site. The results of analysis physical and mechanical properties (bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, modulus of rupture and abrasion resistance) are indicate that selected rocks are suitable as dimension stones for building according to American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) specification.

scholarly journals Distribution of Various Geochemical Forms of Potassium under Horticulture Land Use System of District Ganderbal

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
. Khushboo ◽  
Mohammad Auyoub Bhat ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Shabir Ahmed Bangroo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Land Use System ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Surface (0-20 cm) and sub-surface (20-40 cm) soil samples were collected from five locations under horticulture land use system of District Ganderbal. The distribution of potassium forms (water soluble, available, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, fixed, lattice and total) were investigated. Soil samples were analyzed for different physical and chemical properties and fractions of potassium. The soils were slightly acidic to neutral in reaction  and soil texture varied from silty clay loam to silt loam. Irrespective of soil depth sequential order of potassium fractions were TK>LK>FK>NEK>AK>EK>WSK. The trend of decrease in water soluble and exchangeable K was noticed in these soils from surface to sub-surface layers. All forms were in dynamic equilibrium with one another and  positively  and significantly correlated with  Organic carbon, CEC, Silt and clay and negatively to sand.

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