scholarly journals Education in Turkey in terms of gender asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Fatih Düzgün ◽  
Eda Havva Tan Metresh ◽  
Alina Aleksandrovna Pozdnyakova ◽  
Tatiana Stanislavovna Grafkova ◽  
Marina Evgenievna Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Education System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Turkish Woman ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Gender Asymmetry ◽  
Turkish Education

The wide representation of women at different levels of the education system is not only an indicator of the prestige and status of the teaching profession, but also an important indicator of the socio-cultural and political development of society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Turkish education system in terms of gender asymmetry. The research problems include: 1) the study of the historical reasons that led to the phenomena of gender asymmetry in certain “zones” and at certain levels of education; 2) the study of the motives for choosing a teaching profession by women of different age groups; 3) determination of the social profile of a Turkish female teacher; 4) the formation of recommendations for overcoming gender asymmetry in the field of Turkish education. Contrary to prejudice, Turkey is not a “gender bounded” country; moreover, its educational system is subject to problems common to the systems of most developed countries. The main ones are: 1) underrepresentation of female teachers in higher education (with a tendency to reduce the gender gap) and 2) underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. Despite the fact that all conditions have been created in Turkey for the professional development of a female teacher, the mentality of the average Turkish woman does not allow her to put her career interests above the interests of her family. This, in our opinion, largely explains the “restriction” of female education at the level of secondary specialized and insufficient “popularity” of higher education. For further study of the manifestations of gender asymmetry, a more detailed study of all stages of the Turkish education system is required, using data from different regions, in particular, from the southeast region. The situation there may differ significantly from the situation in the central regions, and the problem of adapting the education system to regional conditions will be extremely relevant.

scholarly journals Introduction of New Forms of Education in Modern Higher and Vocational Education and Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Liudmyla I. Berezovska ◽  
Galyna D. Kondratska ◽  
Anna A. Zarytska ◽  
Kateryna S. Volkova ◽  
Taras M. Matsevko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
National Education ◽  
And Training

This article sets sights on highlighting the effectiveness and efficiency of higher and vocational education and training, as well as exploring ways to address and implement the current reform agenda in the field. The research was conducted on the basis of a generalizing and comparative method, to identify the problems and development of vocational and higher education. Within the framework of the conducted research the current state of vocational and higher education has been characterized; the features of online learning at leading universities and its advantages has been clarified; the prospects of introduction of continuity of education have been studied, for the development of personality abilities, taking into account changes in society in the context of improvement of the system of vocational and higher education caused by the European integration process of education; directions for the development of vocational and higher education as part of the national education system and society in general have been outlined. It is determined, that at the present stage the domestic education system should be improved and transferred to an innovative way of development in accordance with developed countries. In the near future, such modern forms of education as: distance education, dual education, continuing vocational education and others, should be improved and implemented into the educational process.

scholarly journals COMMERCIALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH MEDIA SERVICES IN PAKISTAN: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Habib Elahi Et al.,
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Education System ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Education Commission ◽  
Media Services ◽  
The Government

The education system in Pakistan does not cater to the need of the society especially inculcating the unity of thought, skills, and attitudes among the learners. The serious efforts to improve the standard of Higher Education for the commercialization of education especially higher education have not been made by the government. A number of policies were framed for the betterment of the education system but there could not be a single unanimous policy framed and materialized. Pakistan is a country that has invested meager resources in the education sector. The countries which invested in the human resource are now leading the economic arena and are counted as developed countries. With the reasonable allocation of funds and expertise in this field, the priorities can be fixed to correlate with the standards of the higher education of developed countries. Higher Education Commission or the like bodies of developed countries have played a pivotal role in making their educational standards and these are role model for Pakistan. In this respect, some practical suggestions are recommended for enhancing the marketability and commercialization of education in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Benefits and challenges of applying e-learning in the Georgian higher education system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 12-32
Author(s):  
Giorgi Abashishvili Giorgi Abashishvili
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
E Learning

E-learning has an increasingly important role within the ever-growing tertiary education system in many developed countries. While the research on e-learning is still relatively a novel discipline, with even a universally accepted definition being absent, there are numerous indications pointing to its increasing importance. For example, in the US alone, some 35% of university students take at least one online degree, while the ratio has been steadily increasing in the recent years. There are numerous underlying factors which support the intensification of e-learning. Most countries cannot keep up with the increasing demand for tertiary education by merely expanding their traditional universities – be it because of high needed fixed investments, or because or elevated costs of engaging the relatively scarce teaching staff. In the same time, the ICT revolution – as well as the ongoing COVID outbreak – both facilitate and require shifts to a delocalized contact between students and the teaching staff. In sum, this provides many developing countries with a mechanism of provision of tertiary education to large masses of prospective students without having to invest in physical infrastructure. However, this is not a process without challenges. Regulation in many countries is only yet to cope with these technology and demography-induced shifts in education. Some academic fields are not yet appropriate for distance learning. Cheating and plagiarism could be widespread if not tackled with appropriate strategies and technological solutions. This document examines these elements by providing an overview of the experiences in some of the countries where the e-learning system already took deep roots. Georgia has much to gain if it includes e-learning in its tertiary education system. Georgia at this moment is, seemingly, one of the few relatively developed countries which still do not have a fully-fledged and accredited e-learning platform within its tertiary education system. However, as World Bank data show, some 64% of Georgia’s high school graduates successfully enroll to a university, which is approx. 10 percentage points lower than OECD average, or as much as 25-30 percentage points lower than some of the world’s top education performers, such as Finland, the Netherlands or South Korea. While this gap needs to be bridged if Georgia is to tap the potential of the ongoing technological revolution, introduction of e-learning to its system may be of significant help, while it would not incur large additional costs. Indeed, numerous international examples show that in many countries, the number of students enrolled to universities soared following the introduction of e-learning, while the quality of education has not declined. In terms of increasing the base of potential enrollments, in Georgia’s case it is important to underline that e-learning may also be a mean of reaching out and connecting with members of the numerous Georgian diaspora. Also, setting up an e-learning platform also helps the universities to engage top lecturers in many educational domains at relatively low cost, meaning that more students may be given a higher quality education. COVID-19 outbreak is a case in point. The ongoing pandemics outbreak has shown, among other, that true business continuity for many education institutions, at all education levels, could have only been reached by employing adequate e-learning procedures. This means that those who have already instituted some forms of e-learning had fewer difficulties in overcoming the operative issues, while continuing to deliver education. Keywords: Higher education, E-lerning.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE OUTFLOW OF HUMAN CAPITAL FROM UKRAINE: EDUCATIONAL ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. M. CHIMISHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Aspect

The article deals with the problematic issues of the outflow of human capital, ie people with acquired education, work experience, ideas, etc., in the context of reforming the higher education system in Ukraine. The concept of human development, which has emerged in the world over the last 20-25 years, considers human development as the main goal and criterion for social progress. Considering one of the human rights - free movement and choice of place of residence - this concept is crucial in shaping international migration flows in the modern world. The level of economic and social development of the individual country and the world as a whole depends on the distribution of the population by countries and on the quality of human capital. Therefore, the migration policy of many countries is aimed at selecting the highest quality human capital through labor migration: employment quotas are formed for the purpose of attracting either the intellectual potential or representatives of the most rare professions. The educational aspect of human capital discussed in the article is the quality and accessibility of higher education, its ability to meet the demands of modern business and to become a factor in maintaining quality human capital in Ukraine. Ukraine is now in the process of an active outflow of human capital, including young people, who are choosing places of education to other countries. Among the reasons for this situation is the desire of Ukrainian youth to secure employment abroad, since the level of wages abroad far exceeds the level of wages in Ukraine. The issue of human capital outflows is multidimensional, so the solution to the problem must be complex. Together with the reform of the education system in Ukraine, all spheres of public life should be reformed, taking into account the experience of the European countries and the most developed countries of the world.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ADULT VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN LATVIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Andra Zenčaka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Vocational Higher Education ◽  
The Creation

The decisive factor for the country's economic development is competitive workforce resources, for the preparation of which vocational education, its quality, compliance with the trends of economic sectors and the demand of the labour market are essential. One of the global socio-economic problems of the 21st century in developed countries is an aging population, due to the influence of which the importance of adult vocational education becomes significant, as changes in the demographic structure mean that labour market needs are increasingly being met by “silver” human resources. Currently, the demand in the labour market for employees with higher education dominates, pointing to the qualitative development of the labour market and the importance of professional higher education in the aspect of population aging. The authors conclude that the existing vocational education system needs to be improved, fully integrating adult education into it, which would serve as one of the basic elements of the support system for the creation of a high-quality state business environment and stimulate the achievement of the national economic goals. The aim of the article is to analyse the vocational education system and types of its acquisition in Latvia as one of the factors supporting the creation of a high-quality business environment that ensures the quality of the available workforce. As a result of the research, the authors have demonstrated the relevance between the implementation of vocational higher education and the quality of business environment. Recommendations for the implementation of high-quality vocational higher education are provided in order to ensure the compliance of the existing workforce with the requirements of the national economy and labour market and to create a high-quality business environment.

scholarly journals The impact of the covid-19 crisis on higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Ivan Luchian
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current pandemic crisis is unique in its kind, becoming a global cataclysm with a multilateral impact and an extended spread over time. Affecting all aspects of human activity, this crisis has inevitably affected the higher education system, and its consequences are manifesting both locally and internationally. The purpose of this paper was to establish the influence of crisis on the economic situation of higher education institutions. After studying of different institutions reports, analytical presentations of authors from different countries, as well as the author's communication with colleagues from different educational institutions during online academic meetings, it became possible to compile a complex picture of economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis on higher education system. The research results showed an extremely uneven spread of the economic effects of the pandemic crisis. Thus, the least COVID-19 crisis has affected universities in industrially developed countries and the disastrous impact will manifested in developing countries. In addition, a dependence of evolution of economic situation of educational institutions of a complex of important factors was detected. It is about of change in living standard of the population, the capacity of the local authorities to manage the consequences of the pandemic, the changes in higher education policies, presiding students to do higher education, managerial ability to manage the economic and financial status of higher education institutions and others. Likewise, certain ways of solving economic problems have been outlined.

scholarly journals REASONS AND FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE DECLINE IN THE NEED FOR RESEARCH AND TEACHING STAFF AND THE DEVALUATION OF THE PRESTIGE OF THE HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHING PROFESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V VLASOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Education System ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Prestige

The problem of transformation of the higher education system in the Russian Federation in terms of developing scientific and pedagogical potential is quite acute. Copying the Bologna system without adapting to the Russian reality led to the formation of destructive consequences for the system of reproduction of scientific and pedagogical personnel of the country. Negative trends in the number of higher education institutions, demographic waves accompanied by a decrease in the number of students, changing market requirements for the value of higher education and its formalization have led to a reduction in the need for research and teaching staff. Among other things, the prestige of the higher school teaching profession has significantly decreased in society, which has become an additional factor for reducing the interest of talented young people in the teaching profession, and without the influx of talented creative personnel into the research environment, the country's human resources potential in general also falls, as well as its innovative potential. Many scientists negatively assess the reformation in the higher education system of the Russian Federation, focusing on criticism of changes that forced higher school teachers to work to achieve rating indicators, rather than developing their own intellectual potential and teaching. They negatively assess the Western experience in implementing generalized education standards, which, first, in Russia were not adapted to the country's original culture, and secondly, led not to solving problems in the higher education system, but to their aggravation.

scholarly journals TRENDS AND CHANGES IN THE PERSONNEL POTENTIAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M SERGEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Education System ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Structural Problems

The Russian Federation is in the process of transition of the national economy to an innovative type of development. Unfortunately, this process is complicated by many negative factors, such as the aggravation of structural problems, a series of economic crises, a pandemic that occurred against the background of the spread of coronavirus infection, and many others. Higher education institutions are elements of the innovation infrastructure, on the one hand, and the subjects that contribute to its formation. With the reform of the Russian higher education system, and specifically with its transition to the Bologna model, there was a situation in which the progressive development of negative trends in the industry began. One of the most important problems that became more acute with the beginning of the reforms was the formation of human resources for higher education in the country. Many authors emphasize that with the penetration of service sector elements into the educational system, it lost its status, which later became one of the conditions for devaluing the value of the teaching profession in society. There is a reduction in the number of students and universities in the country, which leads to a reduction in the need for research and teaching staff. At the same time, there are irreversible changes within the personnel structure against the background of these reductions, mainly in the form of irrevocable loss of personnel from the higher education system and the lack of effective mechanisms for their replenishment. In the future, this will have a negative impact on the formation of the country's human resources potential, and as a result, may provoke serious problems in the transition of the national economy to an innovative type of development.

scholarly journals MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION SYSTEM VALUE ENGINEERING MODEL IN STRENGTHENING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE ERA OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIETY 5.0 (R&D STUDY IN TEBU IRENG HIGHER EDUCATION IN EAST JAVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ade Tutty Rokhayati Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Great Opportunity

The Industrial Revolution led to disruption of the teaching profession. One real impact of the problems of education in the digital age is the failure of multicultural education of national identity began to fade in the younger generation especially in higher education. The urgency of research is the challenges faced by the government and universities, namely how to prepare, map the workforce in the profession of education graduates in the face of the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0. The purpose of the research is the importance of understanding multicultural education for resources including: (1) Solving various problems of an institution related to managing the multicultural education value system formed, so that they survive in the midst of the development of science and technology; (2) Providing strengthening of multicultural education and National Identity, equipping students with various digital-based skills. (3) Creating an Engineering Model of an education system that is able to strengthen the new literacy movement in Era Society 5.0 becomes a great opportunity for Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative methods with trials, field research, literature and social media, providing certain training, (coding, information management, real-time accounting needs to stakeholders). Research solutions include: (1) Cultivating educational value systems for adaptation to the development of science and technology and formulating strategic policies in various aspects, enhancing the nation’s competitiveness, being able to provide research-based learning infrastructure. The results of the research include: The achievement of strategic objectives of research-based tertiary institutions, strengthening national identity that is creative, innovative, characterized, with integrity so as to produce skilled graduates in aspects of data literacy, technological literacy, human literacy, through human digital approaches, digital based expertise. Conclusion that: Engineering Model in multicultural education systems based on information technology and digitalization is one solution to realize quality education, character, there are aspects that will restore the glory of human civilization, namely aspects that collaborate with each other physically, digitally, and biologically, as well as complemented by the presence of spiritual aspects means that Revolution Society 5.0 is the new future of humanity.

Chinese Open Universities

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The World

Chinese education has a long history, and the Chinese higher education system is the largest in the world, but open universities in China are not at the same level as they are in developed countries. This article provides an overview of the recent development in the open universities system in China. Specifically, the article discusses the positive impact open universities have and the difficulties they need to deal with. The potential for further developing Chinese open universities is considered. In addition, challenges are discussed, and recommendations are made for improving these open universities.

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