Additional feeding of Asa foetida to sheep infested with Haemonchus contortus: Evaluation of fecal egg count and haematocrit

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Podstatzky ◽  
R Chizzola ◽  
GM Witschnig
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Fecal Egg Count

scholarly journals Haemonchus contortus resistance to monepantel in sheep: fecal egg count reduction tests and randomized controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Carvalho Martins ◽  
Paula Luzia Formigoni Bergamasco ◽  
Gustavo Felippelli ◽  
José Hairton Tebaldi ◽  
Marcela Figueredo Duarte Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
New Class ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Technical Guidance

Worm infections are a major cause of economic losses in sheep farming, and their control depends essentially on anthelmintic drugs. After decades without the discovery of new drug types, a new class of anthelmintics, called aminoacetonitrile derivatives, represented by monepantel, was released on the market. In order to evaluate a report of low efficacy of monepantel on a sheep farm in the municipality of Taiúva, state of São Paulo, Brazil, fecal egg count reduction and critical tests were performed on a Haemonchus contortus strain collected from this farm. To this end, ten animals were experimentally infected with 5000 H. contortus third-stage larvae, and these animals were divided into two groups, control and treated, according to the treatment with monepantel. The parameters evaluated were reduction in fecal egg counts on post-treatment days (PTD) 0, 2, 4, 7 and 14, and the therapeutic efficacy at the end of this period. Egg count reduction was observed starting on PTD 2, with a maximum reduction of 32.89% recorded on PTD 14. The critical test revealed 24.65% efficacy, indicating resistance to the active ingredient monepantel. The ineffectiveness of monepantel may be associated with the excessive use of the anthelmintic, which the farmer administered at intervals of less than one month, without technical guidance or a defined criterion. Given that the anthelmintic was used on this farm for less than one year, according to the farmer, it can be inferred that H. contortus develops resistance to monepantel in a few generations if the product is used incorrectly.

scholarly journals Variability in fecal egg count of Haemonchus contortus infection to native goat breeds of China and Bangladesh under natural grazing condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Omar ◽  
MBB Alam ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
MM Mondal ◽  
MS Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

Haemonchus contortus is a major gastrointestinal nematode affecting goat in China and Bangladesh like many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Haemonchus contortus infection in different goat breeds/populations in China and Bangladesh under the natural grazing condition.  Fecal Egg of Haemonchus contortus was counted from 430 goats in both countries using McMaster’s technique. Body weight, Pack Cell Volume and Hemoglobin value were measured for Bangladeshi goats. Statistical analysis was done after transforming data into log10 (n+1), where n is the number of egg per gram feces and analysis of variance was done by using Generalized Linear Model procedures of computer package of SAS. Prevalence of parasite and Fecal Egg Count varied significantly (P<0.01) in all six goat populations. The highest prevalence (88.89%) of Haemonchus contortus infection was found in Enshi Black and the highest parasitic load (527.74 ±78.13 epg) was found in Chinese hybrid goat population. Most of the individuals, except Chinese hybrid goats, had Fecal Egg Count less than 300 epg. Fecal Egg Count between sexes within breed of goat did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Black Bengal goat in the hilly region of Bangladesh was the least susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection in term of Fecal Egg Count. Our study suggests that Chinese goat breeds were more susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection as compared to Black Bengal goat of Bangladesh under natural grazing condition. Further studies on immune-genetics aspects of goats might be helpful to find out the actual causes of such differences and to develop disease resistant breed of goat.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 473-481, 2016

scholarly journals Resistance of Haemonchus contortus to monepantel in sheep: first report in Espírito Santo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves Viana ◽  
Ygor Henrique da Silva ◽  
Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins ◽  
Fabio Barbour Scott
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Espirito Santo

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide the first report of resistance of Haemonchus contortus to monepantel in sheep in Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in a property with history of monepantel use since 2014 and register of low efficacy in studies conducted over the past few years with fecal egg count reduction test. Lambs born on the property (males and females aged approximately 100 days) were selected and after eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis on fecal samples, these were divided into two groups: a group treated with monepantel (2.5 mg / Kg) and a control group without anthelmintic treatment. Seven days later, the animals were euthanized to recover parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. The efficacy of the treatment was 61.35% against H. contortus, thus proving that anthelmintic resistance to monepantel was present.

Association between major histocompatibility complex microsatellites, fecal egg count, blood packed cell volume and blood eosinophilia in Pelibuey sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus

2011 ◽  
Vol 177 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Figueroa Castillo ◽  
Rubén Danilo Méndez Medina ◽  
José Manuel Berruecos Villalobos ◽  
Amanda Gayosso-Vázquez ◽  
Raúl Ulloa-Arvízu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Blood Eosinophilia ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Pelibuey Sheep

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in Brazil: concordance of in vivo and in vitro (RESISTA-Test©) methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousmel Alemán Gainza ◽  
Isabella Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Amanda Figueiredo ◽  
Leonardo Aparecido Lima dos Santos ◽  
Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Larval Development Test

Abstract This study evaluated the resistance status of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through comparison between the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and the larval development test (LDT). For the FECRT, 35 sheep were selected in each of five flocks and divided into groups treated with: benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin, monepantel and control. Feces were collected for EPG and fecal cultures. The LDT was performed using thiabendazole (TBZ), levamisole (LEV), ivermectin aglycone (IVM-A) and Zolvix (ZLV). Resistance to all drugs was detected using FECRT in 100% of the flocks, except in relation to ZLV (40% resistant and 20% suspected of resistance). LDT indicated resistance to TBZ and IVM-A in all flocks, to LEV in 80% of flocks and to ZLV in 10%. Total agreement was obtained between the two tests for TBZ and IVM (k = 1.0), while for LEV (k = 0.8) and ZLV (k = 0.9), substantial and almost perfect agreement were obtained, respectively. The concordance between the tests was significant, thus showing that it is possible to use the outcome of the LDT to predict the FECRT, and hence validating the former as a fast diagnostic test for use by sheep farmers in Brazil.

scholarly journals Performance of lambs under four levels of dietary supplementation and artificially mix-infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadino Carvalho ◽  
José Henrique das Neves ◽  
Caio Santos Pennacchi ◽  
Andre Michel de Castilhos ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of four diets on the performance of Dorper lambs that were artificially mix-infected with 1000 infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus and 1000 L3 of Trichostrongylus colubriformis every three days for 12 weeks was evaluated. For each diet, one infected group (n = 7) and one control group (n = 4) were set up. The four diets contained the following proportions of hay (H) and concentrate (C): Diet 1 - 100%H; Diet 2 - 75%H:25%C; Diet 3 - 50%H:50%C; Diet 4 - 25%H:75. All the infected groups showed decreases in mean packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma protein, especially the Diet 1-infected, which was also the group with the highest fecal egg count. The diets and infection had significant effects (P < 0.05) on daily body weight gain (DBWG), cold carcass weight and daily food consumption. The control and infected groups had mean DBWG (in kg), respectively, of 0.048 and 0.025 with Diet 1; 0.082 and 0.067 with Diet 2; 0.188 and 0.189 with Diet 3; and 0.303 and 0.221 with Diet 4. In conclusion, the infection affected the productive performance regardless of the diet; however, with increased metabolizable protein and energy, the risk of occurrence of anemia and hypoproteinemia diminished.

scholarly journals Immune Responses Associated with Resistance to Haemonchosis in Sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Alba-Hurtado ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Type Response

This paper examines the known immunological and genetic factors associated with sheep resistance to infection byHaemonchus contortus. Such resistance is an inheritable genetic trait (h2, 0.22–0.63) associated with certain sheep breeds. Resistant sheep do not completely reject the disease; they only harbor fewer parasites than susceptible sheep and therefore have a lower fecal egg count. Protective immune response to haemonchosis is an expression of genetic resistance. Genes associated with resistance and susceptibility are described. Genetically resistant sheep have nonspecific mechanisms that block the initial colonization byHaemonchus contortuslarvae. These sheep also have an efficacious Th2 type response (e.g., increases in blood and tissue eosinophils, specific IgE class antibodies, mast cells, IL-5, IL-13, and TNFα) that protects them against the infection; in contrast, susceptible sheep do not efficiently establish this type of immune response. Finally, the main reported antigens ofH. contortuswere reviewed.

scholarly journals Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to anthelmintics in sheep (Ovis aries)

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol ◽  
Felipe Pohl de Souza ◽  
Cristina Sotomaior ◽  
Edilene Alcântara Castro ◽  
Viviane Milczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Fecal Egg Count

The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used in a survey for anthelmintic resistance in 42 sheep farms, in five different regions in Paraná State, Brazil between July 1996 - July 2000. Animals with natural infection were tested. Five drugs were used individually or in combination - benzimidazole, imidazothiazole, ivermectin, milbemicina and closantel. Results showed that the prevalence of resistance to all anthelmintic was as high as 88.1% for benzimidazoles (oxfendazole), 78.6% for ivermectin, 56.4% for closantel, 38.7% for closantel + oxfendazole, 38% for levamisole, and 23.6% for moxidectin. There was multiple resistance in all tested farms. The most important infective larvae recovered from culture were Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The failure of the existing drugs in the State of Paraná is considered an important issue. Some proposals to improve the situation are suggested which include a change of attitude on anthelmintic use by sheepherders, veterinarians and sanitary authorities.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Comparative Analysis, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Against Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehman Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rooman ◽  
Sakina Mussarat ◽  
Sadia Norin ◽  
Shandana Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Fecal Egg Count

Background:Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This review is an attempt to systematically address the; (a) efficacy of different plants against H. contortus by in vitro and in vivo proof; (b) toxicology, mechanism of action, and active phyto-compounds involve in anti-haemonchiasis activity; (c) and comparative analysis of plant species evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched and published research articles (1980–2020) were gathered and reviewed. Results: A total of 187 plant species were reported belonging to 59 families and 145 genera with Asteraceae and Fabaceae being frequently used. Out of the total plant species, 171 species were found to be evaluated in vitro and only 40 species in vivo. Twenty-four species were commonly evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-haemonchiasis activity. Among the reported assays, egg hatching test (EHT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) were the most widely used assays in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, sheep were the frequently used experimental model in vivo. After comparative analysis, Lachesiodendron viridiflorum, Corymbia citriodora, Calotropis procera, and Artemisia herba-alba were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo. L. viridiflorum inhibited enzymatic activities and metabolic processes of the parasite and was found to be safe without toxic effects. C. citriodora was moderately toxic in vivo, however, the plant extract produced promising nematicidal effects by causing muscular disorganization and changes in the mitochondrial profile. Additionally, C. procera and A. herba-alba despite of their high anti-haemonchiasis activity were found to be highly toxic at the tested concentrations. C. procera caused perforation and tegumental disorganization along with adult worm paralysis. Nineteen compounds were reported, among which anethole and carvone completely inhibited egg hatching in vitro and significantly reduced fecal egg count, decreased male length, and reproductive capacity of female in vivo. Conclusion: This review summarized different medicinal plants owing to nematicidal activities against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Plants like L. viridiflorum, C. citriodora, C. procera, and A. herba-alba, while compounds anethole and carvone having promising nematicidal activities and could be an alternative source for developing novel drugs after further investigation.

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