Use Of Indium-111 Labeled Platelets To Assess Platelet Deposition On Arteriosclerotic Plaques In A Primate Model

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Welch ◽  
C J Mathias ◽  
W J Powers ◽  
L A Sherman ◽  
B A Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Platelet Deposition ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Indium 111

Groups of primates (Macaca arctoides) were fed either a control (n=4) or a high-cholesterol diet (n=4) for a period of at least five years. Serum cholesterol levels in the experimental group were in excess of 250 mg/dl while the control group had levels from 150 to 200 mg/dl. In-111-labeled platelets and Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells were injected into each animal, and consecutive images were taken and stored in a computer immediately thereafter and 24 hours later. The Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell image was used to subtract the blood pool background from the In-lll-labeled platelet image to enhance visualization of platelet deposition. The subtracted images allowed the platelet deposition in the regions of the abdominal aorta, femoral, carotid, and renal arteries to be determined. All of the experimental monkeys hafi abnormal accumulation versus only one of the control animals. Four of the animal studies were repeated (2 experimental and 2 control), and comparable results were obtained. The animals were then given 3 mg/kg/day of aspirin for 5 days and the studies repeated. No abnormal accumulations of platelets were seen in the animals after treatment with low-dose aspirin (30 mg/kg/day) and prostacyclin (PGI2). Our results suggest that In-lll-labeled platelets may be useful to study the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and pharmacological techniques for its amelioration.

Experimental Hypercholesterolemia and Auditory Function in the Chinchilla

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Morizono ◽  
Michael A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Auditory Dysfunction ◽  
Experimental Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Susceptibility To Noise ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Possible harmful effects of a high-cholesterol diet on auditory function were suggested by our previous work in rabbits, in which evoked potentials were measured from a chronic electrode inserted into the inferior colliculus. However, serum cholesterol levels in those rabbits tended to be extraordinarily high, ie, more than 1,500 mg/dL. Chinchillas were used in the present work as an animal model to study the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and auditory dysfunction. One percent cholesterol in standard Chinchow was fed to chinchillas for three months. The experimental groups showed a high mean cholesterol level of 437 ± 394 mg/dL (N = 9). Isopotential curve of the cochlear microphonics, threshold of action potentials (AP), and endocochlear DC potential did not differ from those in the control group. When moderately intense sound (12 kHz, 95 dB SPL) was given for ten minutes, however, the reduction in AP threshold was significantly greater (P=.036) in the cholesterol group. It is postulated that hypercholesterolemia may be one of the factors involved in differential susceptibility to noise.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin interacts with bile acids and increases fecal cholesterol excretion in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Nakamura ◽  
Satoru Morishita ◽  
Tomoji Ono ◽  
Michiaki Murakoshi ◽  
Keikichi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional cationic protein (pI 8.2–8.9) in mammalian milk. We previously reported that enteric-LF prevented hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in a diet-induced atherosclerosis model using Microminipig, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because LF is assumed to electrostatically interact with bile acids to inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, LF could promote cholesterol excretion. In this study, we assessed the interaction between LF and taurocholate in vitro, and the effect of LF on cholesterol excretion in rats. The binding rate of taurocholate to LF was significantly higher than that to transferrin (pI 5.2–6.3). When rats were administered a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 5% LF, LF was detected using ELISA in the upper small intestine from 7.5 to 60 min after the administration. Rats were fed one of the following diets: control, HCD, or HCD + 5% LF for 21 days. Fecal neutral steroids and hepatic cholesterol levels in the HCD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The addition of LF to a HCD significantly increased fecal neutral steroids levels (22% increase, p < 0.05) and reduced hepatic cholesterol levels (17% decrease, p < 0.05). These parameters were inversely correlated (R = −0.63, p < 0.05). These results suggest that LF promotes cholesterol excretion via interactions with bile acids.

scholarly journals In vivo activity of Phaseolus vulgaris as an anti-hypercholesterolemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Keni Idacahyati ◽  
Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan ◽  
Nopi Yanti ◽  
Winda Trisna Wulandari ◽  
Firman Gustaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs due to increased levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood. Phytosterols, such as stigmasterol in Phaseolus vulgaris, can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of P. vulgaris in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Nine groups underwent the anti-hypercholesterolemia test: control group, negative group, positive group, 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 300 mg/kg bw n-hexane extract groups, 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract groups, and 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethanol extract groups. Results: All groups, except the control group, were given a high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (until the total cholesterol levels were higher than 200 mg/dL), followed by testing for ten days. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract group had the best activity in reducing total cholesterol.

scholarly journals The effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea on inhibiting total cholesterol on animal subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo ◽  
Fahmy Ahsanul Haq ◽  
Sulaeman Al Jati ◽  
Suci Nar Vikasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Effect Test

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia occurs when cholesterol levels in the blood increases. Traditionally, krokot (purslane, portulaca oleracea) is used to treat cardiovascular disease. Aim: This research evaluated the effect of purslane extract to inhibit increasing of cholesterol levels. Methods: The ethanol extract dosage of purslane was 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight (bw) and simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg bw were used as comparisons. The anti-hyper cholesterol effect test was done by feeding a high cholesterol diet and drinks containing 0.01% propylthiouracil. The test parameters were body weight and total cholesterol levels on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results: The results showed that the extract was able to prevent the increase in body weight compared to the control group (p<0.05) and that it could inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels at day 14 and 21 compared to control group (p<0.05) and equivalent to simvastatin (p>0.05).

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

Platelet Aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Insulin in Vivo on Aggregation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Hassanein ◽  
Th. A El-Garf ◽  
Z El-Baz
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Platelet Disaggregation ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation

SummaryADP-induced platelet aggregation and calcium-induced platelet aggregation tests were studied in 14 diabetic patients in the fasting state and half an hour after an intravenous injection of 0.1 unit insulin/kg body weight. Platelet disaggregation was significantly diminished as compared to a normal control group, and their results were negatively correlated with the corresponding serum cholesterol levels. Insulin caused significant diminution in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation as a result of rapid onset of aggregation and disaggregation. There was also a significant increase in platelet disaggregation. In the calcium-induced platelet aggregation test, there was a significant shortening of the aggregation time, its duration, and the clotting time. The optical density fall due to platelet aggregation showed a significant increase. Insulin may have a role in correcting platelet disaggregation possibly through improvement in the intracellular enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Maihemuti Mijiti ◽  
Ryosuke Mori ◽  
Bingyu Huang ◽  
Kenichiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Keisuke Kiriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Fas Mrna ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Peptide

Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

scholarly journals The safety and efficacy of BCG encapsulated alginate particle (BEAP) against M.tb H37Rv infection in Macaca mulatta : A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kesarwani ◽  
Parul Sahu ◽  
Kshama Jain ◽  
Prakriti Sinha ◽  
K. Varsha Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Allergic Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

AbstractDue to the limited utility of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only approved vaccine available for tuberculosis, there is a need to develop a more effective and safe vaccine. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a dry powder aerosol (DPA) formulation of BCG encapsulated alginate particle (BEAP) and the conventional intradermal BCG immunization in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The infant macaques were immunized intratracheally with DPA of BEAP into the lungs. Animals were monitored for their growth, behaviour, any adverse and allergic response. The protective efficacy of BEAP was estimated by the ex-vivo H37Rv infection method. Post-immunization with BEAP, granulocytes count, weight gain, chest radiography, levels of liver secreted enzymes, cytokines associated with inflammation like TNF and IL-6 established that BEAP is non-toxic and it does not elicit an allergic response. The T cells isolated from BEAP immunized animals’ blood, upon stimulation with M.tb antigen, secreted high levels of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6 and IL-2. The activated T cells from BEAP group, when co-cultured with M.tb infected macrophages, eliminated largest number of infected macrophages compared to the BCG and control group. This study suggests the safety and efficacy of BEAP in Non-human primate model.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Intravascular Linear Ablation Induced Restenosis in Rabbit Abdominal Aorta

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Manman Wang ◽  
Shuai Shao ◽  
Hongze Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vsmc Proliferation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objectives. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the mainstay treatment for coronary artery disease but complications such as in-stent restenosis and thrombosis remain problematic. Radiofrequency balloon angioplasty (RBA) can improve lumen dimension, fusing intimal tears, and artery dissection but is associated with higher restenosis rate. Methods. After establishing an atherosclerosis model based on endothelial abrasion and high cholesterol diet, forty-five rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: RBA (n=20), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (n=20), and control groups (n=5). The RBA and PTA groups were subdivided according to harvested time posttreatment, respectively (1 hour, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days). Aorta segments were then isolated for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot for TLR-4, NF-κB, MCP-1, and VCAM-1expression. Results. At 28 days, intimal area was significantly lower in the RBA group compared to the PTA and control groups, whilst luminal and medial area were comparable in the RBA and PTA group but higher and lower than the control group, respectively. Expression of TLR-4, NF-κB, MCP-1, and VCAM-1 showed no significant difference between RBA and PTA groups. Conclusions. RBA can depress the intimal hyperplasia and promote dilatation of the artery to greater extents than PTA at 28 days. However, this did not involve TLR-4 signaling pathway, which likely plays a negligible role in mediating restenosis. Reduction of intimal hyperplasia may be due to injury of ablation to the tunica media and inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration.

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