Experimental Hypercholesterolemia and Auditory Function in the Chinchilla

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Morizono ◽  
Michael A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Auditory Dysfunction ◽  
Experimental Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Susceptibility To Noise ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Possible harmful effects of a high-cholesterol diet on auditory function were suggested by our previous work in rabbits, in which evoked potentials were measured from a chronic electrode inserted into the inferior colliculus. However, serum cholesterol levels in those rabbits tended to be extraordinarily high, ie, more than 1,500 mg/dL. Chinchillas were used in the present work as an animal model to study the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and auditory dysfunction. One percent cholesterol in standard Chinchow was fed to chinchillas for three months. The experimental groups showed a high mean cholesterol level of 437 ± 394 mg/dL (N = 9). Isopotential curve of the cochlear microphonics, threshold of action potentials (AP), and endocochlear DC potential did not differ from those in the control group. When moderately intense sound (12 kHz, 95 dB SPL) was given for ten minutes, however, the reduction in AP threshold was significantly greater (P=.036) in the cholesterol group. It is postulated that hypercholesterolemia may be one of the factors involved in differential susceptibility to noise.

Use Of Indium-111 Labeled Platelets To Assess Platelet Deposition On Arteriosclerotic Plaques In A Primate Model

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Welch ◽  
C J Mathias ◽  
W J Powers ◽  
L A Sherman ◽  
B A Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Platelet Deposition ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Indium 111

Groups of primates (Macaca arctoides) were fed either a control (n=4) or a high-cholesterol diet (n=4) for a period of at least five years. Serum cholesterol levels in the experimental group were in excess of 250 mg/dl while the control group had levels from 150 to 200 mg/dl. In-111-labeled platelets and Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells were injected into each animal, and consecutive images were taken and stored in a computer immediately thereafter and 24 hours later. The Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell image was used to subtract the blood pool background from the In-lll-labeled platelet image to enhance visualization of platelet deposition. The subtracted images allowed the platelet deposition in the regions of the abdominal aorta, femoral, carotid, and renal arteries to be determined. All of the experimental monkeys hafi abnormal accumulation versus only one of the control animals. Four of the animal studies were repeated (2 experimental and 2 control), and comparable results were obtained. The animals were then given 3 mg/kg/day of aspirin for 5 days and the studies repeated. No abnormal accumulations of platelets were seen in the animals after treatment with low-dose aspirin (30 mg/kg/day) and prostacyclin (PGI2). Our results suggest that In-lll-labeled platelets may be useful to study the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and pharmacological techniques for its amelioration.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin interacts with bile acids and increases fecal cholesterol excretion in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Nakamura ◽  
Satoru Morishita ◽  
Tomoji Ono ◽  
Michiaki Murakoshi ◽  
Keikichi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional cationic protein (pI 8.2–8.9) in mammalian milk. We previously reported that enteric-LF prevented hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in a diet-induced atherosclerosis model using Microminipig, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because LF is assumed to electrostatically interact with bile acids to inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, LF could promote cholesterol excretion. In this study, we assessed the interaction between LF and taurocholate in vitro, and the effect of LF on cholesterol excretion in rats. The binding rate of taurocholate to LF was significantly higher than that to transferrin (pI 5.2–6.3). When rats were administered a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 5% LF, LF was detected using ELISA in the upper small intestine from 7.5 to 60 min after the administration. Rats were fed one of the following diets: control, HCD, or HCD + 5% LF for 21 days. Fecal neutral steroids and hepatic cholesterol levels in the HCD group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The addition of LF to a HCD significantly increased fecal neutral steroids levels (22% increase, p < 0.05) and reduced hepatic cholesterol levels (17% decrease, p < 0.05). These parameters were inversely correlated (R = −0.63, p < 0.05). These results suggest that LF promotes cholesterol excretion via interactions with bile acids.

scholarly journals APOA5 gene polymorphism assessment and association with hypertriglyceridemia in the military force of the State of Goiás

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e8410716229
Author(s):  
Raphael dos Reis Frazao Silva ◽  
Tiago Lemos de Nascimento ◽  
Antonio Marcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva ◽  
Sergio Henrique Nascente Costa ◽  
Frank Sousa Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dyslipidemias are determinant for the onset of cardiovascular diseases and represent more than 30% of global deaths. Changes in serum lipid levels are a direct consequence of dyslipidemia.   This study aimed to verify the relationship between genetic polymorphism APOA5  and dyslipidemia. This is a case-control study with 199 officers of the military force of the state of Goiás in which the relationship between lipid profile and genetic polymorphism rs964184 was evaluated. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR) was used to identify genetic polymorphism rs964184. Of the participants analyzed, 93% were male and 7% female, the lipid profile showed that 115 participants had dyslipidemia (group of cases) and 84 were within the reference range (control group). The genetic polymorphism rs964184 of the case group showed that 64.3% (74/115) of the participants had genotype CC, 33.0% (38/115) had cg genotype and 2.6% (3/115) had GG genotype. In the control group, 69.0% (58/84) had genotype CC, 27.4% (23/84) had cg genotype, 3.6% (3/84) had GG genotype. In conclusion, the G alllea is related to high levels of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL) and the C allea is related to normal HDL cholesterol levels (≥ 40 mg/dL). Therefore, homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (CG) individuals are more inclined to have high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals In vivo activity of Phaseolus vulgaris as an anti-hypercholesterolemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Keni Idacahyati ◽  
Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan ◽  
Nopi Yanti ◽  
Winda Trisna Wulandari ◽  
Firman Gustaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs due to increased levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood. Phytosterols, such as stigmasterol in Phaseolus vulgaris, can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of P. vulgaris in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Nine groups underwent the anti-hypercholesterolemia test: control group, negative group, positive group, 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 300 mg/kg bw n-hexane extract groups, 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract groups, and 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethanol extract groups. Results: All groups, except the control group, were given a high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (until the total cholesterol levels were higher than 200 mg/dL), followed by testing for ten days. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract group had the best activity in reducing total cholesterol.

scholarly journals The effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea on inhibiting total cholesterol on animal subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo ◽  
Fahmy Ahsanul Haq ◽  
Sulaeman Al Jati ◽  
Suci Nar Vikasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Effect Test

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia occurs when cholesterol levels in the blood increases. Traditionally, krokot (purslane, portulaca oleracea) is used to treat cardiovascular disease. Aim: This research evaluated the effect of purslane extract to inhibit increasing of cholesterol levels. Methods: The ethanol extract dosage of purslane was 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight (bw) and simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg bw were used as comparisons. The anti-hyper cholesterol effect test was done by feeding a high cholesterol diet and drinks containing 0.01% propylthiouracil. The test parameters were body weight and total cholesterol levels on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results: The results showed that the extract was able to prevent the increase in body weight compared to the control group (p<0.05) and that it could inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels at day 14 and 21 compared to control group (p<0.05) and equivalent to simvastatin (p>0.05).

scholarly journals The Effect of the Cholesterol Levels on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-022
Author(s):  
Mehmet Demir ◽  
Sedat Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), which is one of the most common occupational diseases among industrialized populations, is associated with longstanding exposure to high levels of noise. The pathogenesis of NIHL is not clear, but some genes and their activity at the tissue level have been investigated. Hypercholesterolemia, which can disturb the microcirculation, can be one of the underlying pathologies in hearing loss. Objective To investigate the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. Methods The study group was selected among workers who had an occupational exposure of 85 dB of noise for at least 10 years. The audiologic assessment was recorded at seven frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 3,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz, 6,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). A total of 456 workers were included in the study and divided into two groups: the control group (252 patients) and the NIHL group (204 patients). After the audiologic measurement, blood samples were taken and investigated for blood cholesterol levels. According to these results, the groups were compared. Results Both groups were similarly distributed regarding age and occupational exposure time (p > 0.05). We could not detect any association between cholesterol levels and noise-induced hearing loss (p < 0.05). According to logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios are not significant for both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (p > 0.05). Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss is still a common occupational problem that can be prevented by hearing conservation programs and occupational health and safety training. Still, we know little about the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. According to our findings, we cannot detect any relationship. Controlled studies and studies with human individuals can be made possible in the future with diagnostic innovations in tissue imaging and tissue microcircular sampling.

Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

Platelet Aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Insulin in Vivo on Aggregation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Hassanein ◽  
Th. A El-Garf ◽  
Z El-Baz
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Platelet Disaggregation ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation

SummaryADP-induced platelet aggregation and calcium-induced platelet aggregation tests were studied in 14 diabetic patients in the fasting state and half an hour after an intravenous injection of 0.1 unit insulin/kg body weight. Platelet disaggregation was significantly diminished as compared to a normal control group, and their results were negatively correlated with the corresponding serum cholesterol levels. Insulin caused significant diminution in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation as a result of rapid onset of aggregation and disaggregation. There was also a significant increase in platelet disaggregation. In the calcium-induced platelet aggregation test, there was a significant shortening of the aggregation time, its duration, and the clotting time. The optical density fall due to platelet aggregation showed a significant increase. Insulin may have a role in correcting platelet disaggregation possibly through improvement in the intracellular enzymatic activity.

Impact of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Vascular Diseases in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Babak Pezeshki ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Amir Ansari ◽  
Aliasghar Karimi ◽  
Mojtaba Frajam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide and has many complications. The vascular events are the major complication of DM that have an important effect on mortality and disability. The physical activity (PA) enhances the vascular function by several pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluation of the relationship between PA and vascular diseases in patients with DM.Materials and Methods: This research was performed as the case-control study that was extracted from a prospective epidemiological research study in Iran (PERSIAN). The patients with type 2 DM more than six months defined as case group and the non-DM subjects in control group with ratio 1:2, and both groups were matched in the term of age and sex. The MET score was used to evaluate the level of PA and blood glucose, lipid profile, body mass index, overweight, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, and stroke.Results: Overall, 1242 patients with DM were extracted, and 2484 non-diabetic subjects were investigated. In the case group, 355(28.6 %) and 887(71.4%) were men and women, respectively, the and 710 (28.6%) men and 1774(71.4%) women in control group. The mean MET score was 30 and 40.97 in the DM and non-DM groups, respectively (P˂0.001). The frequency of MI, stroke, and cardiac ischemia were 44 (3.5%), 37 (3%), and 267 (21.5%), respectively in DM group, and 54 (2.2%), 43 (1.7%), and 389 (15.7%), respectively in non-DM group.Conclusion: The incidence of vascular events associated with PA level in patients with DM and adherence to regular PA reduce the vascular events and DM complications. [GMJ.2019;inpress:e1549]

Novas Considerações sobre a Fotoproteção no Brasil: Revisão de Literatura/New Considerations on the Photoprotection in Brazil: Literature Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Mayara Motta Melo ◽  
Clarissa Santos de Carvalho Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
De Se ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

RESUMOA incidência do câncer de pele vem aumentando a cada ano. Sabe-se que entre outros fatores, a radiação solar é a principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento dessa patologia. A prevenção, feita através da fotoproteção, teria grande impacto nesse cenário. No entanto, as orientações sobre como se proteger dos malefícios do sol devem ser coerentes com a incidência solar da região, os hábitos da população e o fototipo da pele. Os conceitos sobre fotoproteção foram definidos por entidades européias e norte americanas e não devem ser reproduzidos para o Brasil de forma aleatória, pois a incidência solar no Brasil é muito maior, a população tem fototipos diferentes e o hábito de se expor ao sol é muito mais frequente. Portanto, faz-se necessário elaborar conceitos próprios para o Brasil e conscientizar a população sobre os perigos da radiação solar para que a incidência do câncer de pele reduza definitivamente. Essa revisão visa mostrar a relação da radiação solar no Brasil com a pele dos brasileiros e evidenciar a importância da fotoproteção para essa população. Para isso foi feito um levantamento de artigos originais, revisões de literatura, consensos brasileiros e internacionais e livros de dermatologia.Palavras-chave: Fotoproteção, Câncer de pele, Exposição solar, Radiação ultravioleta, Vitamina D. ABSTRACTThe incidence of skin cancer is increasing every year. It is known that among other factors, solar radiation is the main responsible for the development of this pathology. Prevention, made by photoprotection, would have great impact in this scenario. However, the guidelines on how to protect themselves from the sun's harmful effects should be consistent with the sunlight of the region, the habits of the population and the phototype skin. The concepts of photoprotection were defined by European and North American entities and should not be played for Brazil at random, as the solar incidence in Brazil is much higher, people have different skin types and the habit of sun exposure is much more frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up own concepts for Brazil and raise awareness about the dangers of solar radiation, so that the incidence of skin cancer can be definitely reduced. This review aims to show the relationship of solar radiation in Brazil with the skin of Brazilian and to highlight the importance of sun protection for this population. With this purpose, it was  made a survey of original articles, literature reviews , Brazilian and international consensus and dermatology books.Keywords: Photoprotection, Skin cancer, Sun exposure, Ultraviolet radiation, D vitamin.

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