Effect of Fibrinolysin on the Coagulability of Fibrinogen

1962 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 421-431
Author(s):  
D. C Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
T. L Greene ◽  
E Triantaphyllopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Enzyme Action ◽  
Fibrinogen Content

SummaryStreptokinase or glycerol activated human fibrinolysin was added to human plasma and the enzyme action was stopped by the addition of epsilon amino-caproic acid at different time intervals. The clottable fibrinogen content of the mixtures was determined by diluting the plasma with either physiological saline or distilled water, both containing thrombin or thrombin plus calcium chloride. It was found that before the addition of fibrinolysin the values in distilled water containing calcium chloride were higher than the respective values in plain saline or in saline containing calcium chloride. The drop in clottable fibrinogen after the addition of fibrinolysin was more pronounced when the determinations were performed in plain distilled water. Thus, a crossover between the values obtained in plain distilled water and those in saline gradually occurred, the values in distilled water without calcium chloride becoming the lowest. This is at variance with the results obtained in the presence of added AFIF or fibrinolysed fibrinogen where the values in distilled water were always higher than the ones obtained in saline both in the presence and in the absence of calcium chloride. Since the reversal of coagulability of fibrinogen in physiological saline versus distilled water was reproduced only when we mixed partially lysed human fibrinogen with completely lysed human plasma, the conclusion was drawn that three prerequisites are necessary for this phenomenon to occur: a) the fibrinogen must have been acted upon by fibrinolysin; b) the fibrinogen must be of human origin; c) a substance produced by the action of fibrinolysin on a plasmatic factor other than fibrinogen or, possibly, an intact plasmatic factor, must be present.

The Coagulability of Partially Lysed Fibrinogen Effect of pH and Ionic Strength

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C Triantaphyllopoulos ◽  
Mary Torres
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Limited Digestion

SummaryAddition of thrombin to plasma obtained from dogs injected with plasmin clotted more fibrinogen when the plasma was diluted with saline than when it was diluted with distilled water. In contrast, more fibrin was formed in dilutions with distilled water when thrombin was added to intact plasma obtained prior to the injection of plasmin.The same phenomenon was observed with purified human fibrinogen submitted to limited digestion with plasmin and was found to be pH dependent. When the pH was greater than 7.3 more fibrin was formed if the fibrinogen was diluted with saline than if it was diluted with distilled water. The opposite was observed at pH values lower than 7.2.Similar results were obtained with the fraction of partially lysed human fibrinogen which precipitates at 25% saturation with ammonium sulfate. The same fraction, however, obtained from partially digested bovine fibrinogen did not react exactly the same way. In dilutions with distilled water there was an inverse relationship between the pH value and the amount of protein which clotted; but the reverse did not apply to the same extent in dilutions with saline.At variance to the above observations the clottability of purified intact fibrinogen was not significantly altered by changes in pH or in ionic strength.The clottability of partially lysed human plasma could be reversed (more fibrin in distilled water than in saline) after exhaustive dialysis against oxalated (pH 7.0) but not against citrated (pH 7.8) saline indicating that the change in clottability was due to a change in pH.

A Simple Method for Preparing Fibrinogen

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straughn ◽  
R. H Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Marked Stability

SummaryA simple new procedure is reported for the isolation of canine, bovine, porcine, and human fibrinogen. Two molar β-alanine is used to precipitate fibrinogen from barium sulfate adsorbed plasma. The procedure is characterized by dependability and high yields. The material is 95% to 98% clottable protein but still contains impurities such as plasminogen and fibrin-stabilizing factor. Plasminogen may be removed by adsorption with charcoal. The fibrinogen preparations exhibit marked stability to freezing, lyophilization, and dialysis. Epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid which were also studied have the property of precipitating proteins from plasma but lack the specificity for fibrinogen found with β-alanine.

scholarly journals Aferição do pH de diferentes agentes clareadores indicados para o clareamento intracoronário

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felipe Besegato ◽  
Gabriela Dos Santos Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Marlene De Sousa Amorim ◽  
Fabio Martins Salomão ◽  
Daniel Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Evaluation Time

Objective: to measure pH values of bleaching agents that are indicated to intracoronal bleaching technique in different time intervals. Methods: Each group (G) received five samples (n=5): G1 – distilled water (AD); G2 – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 30%; G3 – sodium perborate (PbS) + AD; G4 – PbS + H2O2 30%; G5 – sodium percarbonate (PcS) + AD; and G6 – PcS + H2O2 30%. pH values were stated using a digital pHmeter, in different time intervals: immediately after handling (T0), 24 hours (T1) and 168 hours after handling (T2). The results were submitted to statistical analysis through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, in this order, allowing multiple comparisons among the groups. To verify the effect of time in each group, Friedman test was applied. Results: In the evaluation of the effect of time in each group, it was observed that G2 presented acid behavior, while the other groups exhibited values close to neutrality or alkaline. Conclusions: H2O2 30% was the only agent that showed acidic behavior in every evaluation time. Meanwhile, PcS + H2O had the highest pH values.

Species Differ in Response to Adjuvants with Glyphosate

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Calcium Antagonism ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate

Diammonium sulfate often is used as an adjuvant with glyphosate. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effectiveness of diammonium sulfate in overcoming calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, sunflower, kochia, and soybean. Each species was a separate experiment and treatments varied with the experiment. Diammonium sulfate at 0.5% (w/v) in a spray carrier containing calcium chloride (500 ppm calcium) overcame calcium antagonism of glyphosate toxicity to wheat, overcame antagonism and enhanced toxicity to sunflower, but only partly overcame calcium antagonism of toxicity to kochia and soybean. With glyphosate at 100 g ae ha–1, diammonium sulfate at 2% (w/v) in a distilled water spray carrier enhanced toxicity to sunflower from a 11% to a 55% fresh weight reduction but was antagonistic to glyphosate toxicity to kochia and soybean.

scholarly journals Effect of fluoride sodium mouthwash solutions on cpTI: evaluation of physicochemical properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo ◽  
Rodrigo Galo ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Faria Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Corrosion Data

The effects of fluoride, which is present in different oral hygiene products, deserve more investigation because little is known about their impact on the surface of titanium, which is largely used in Implantology. This study evaluated the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) after exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The hypothesis tested in this study was that different concentrations of NaF applied at different time intervals can affect the titanium surface in different ways. The treatments resulted in the following groups: GA (control): immersion in distilled water; GB: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min daily; GC: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min daily; GD: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks; and GE: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks. The experiment lasted 60 days. Roughness was measured initially and every 15 days subsequently up to 60 days. After 60 days, corrosion analysis and anodic polarization were done. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness data were analyzed by ANOVA and there was no significant difference among groups and among time intervals. The corrosion data (i corr) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, and significant differences were found between GA and GC, GB and GC, GC and GD, GC and GE. SEM micrographs showed that the titanium surface exposed to NaF presented corrosion that varied with the different concentrations. This study suggests that the use of 0.05% NaF solution on cpTi is safe, whereas the 0.2% NaF solution should be carefully evaluated with regard to its daily use.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia elegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Tse-Yen Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Time Intervals

High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30°C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.

scholarly journals A Genus-Wide Bioactivity Analysis of Daboia (Viperinae: Viperidae) Viper Venoms Reveals Widespread Variation in Haemotoxic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13486
Author(s):  
Bianca op den Brouw ◽  
Francisco C. P. Coimbra ◽  
Nicholas R. Casewell ◽  
Syed Abid Ali ◽  
Freek J. Vonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Factor X ◽  
African Species ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Viper Venoms ◽  
Multiple Variants

The snake genus Daboia (Viperidae: Viperinae; Oppel, 1811) contains five species: D. deserti, D. mauritanica, and D. palaestinae, found in Afro-Arabia, and the Russell’s vipers D. russelii and D. siamensis, found in Asia. Russell’s vipers are responsible for a major proportion of the medically important snakebites that occur in the regions they inhabit, and their venoms are notorious for their coagulopathic effects. While widely documented, the extent of venom variation within the Russell’s vipers is poorly characterised, as is the venom activity of other species within the genus. In this study we investigated variation in the haemotoxic activity of Daboia using twelve venoms from all five species, including multiple variants of D. russelii, D. siamensis, and D. palaestinae. We tested the venoms on human plasma using thromboelastography, dose-response coagulometry analyses, and calibrated automated thrombography, and on human fibrinogen by thromboelastography and fibrinogen gels. We assessed activation of blood factors X and prothrombin by the venoms using fluorometry. Variation in venom activity was evident in all experiments. The Asian species D. russelii and D. siamensis and the African species D. mauritanica possessed procoagulant venom, while D. deserti and D. palaestinae were net-anticoagulant. Of the Russell’s vipers, the venom of D. siamensis from Myanmar was most toxic and D. russelli of Sri Lanka the least. Activation of both factor X and prothrombin was evident by all venoms, though at differential levels. Fibrinogenolytic activity varied extensively throughout the genus and followed no phylogenetic trends. This venom variability underpins one of the many challenges facing treatment of Daboia snakebite envenoming. Comprehensive analyses of available antivenoms in neutralising these variable venom activities are therefore of utmost importance.

Binding Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Fragment D-Dimer of Cross-Linked Fibrin to Human Plasma Clots in an In Vivo Model in Rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Holvoet ◽  
J M Stassen ◽  
Y Hashimoto ◽  
D Spriggs ◽  
P Devos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Vein Segment ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryTwo (MA-15C5 and MA-8D3) out of approximately 500 monoclonal antibodies, obtained by fusion of P3X63-Ag8-6.5.3 myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with purified fragment D-dimer from human fibrin, demonstrated a more than 1,000-fold higher affinity for fragment D-dimer than for native fibrinogen. MA-15C5 was directed against a neoantigenic determinant only expressed in fragment D-dimer. MA-8D3 reacted equally well with fragment D-dimer of crosslinked fibrin and with fragment D of non-crosslinked fibrin but not with fragment D of fibrinogen. Both monoclonal antibodies did not crossreact with rabbit fibrin and its degradation products.The binding of 125I-labeled Fab fragments to human plasma clots, introduced and aged for 1 hr in the jugular vein of heparinized rabbits was studied. Following injection of an equimolar mixture of Fab fragments derived from MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, the clot to blood ratios of radioactivity increased from 3.2 ± 1.2(mean ± SD) at 4 hr to 7.2 ± 1.4 at 17 hr. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 was independent of the age (1 to 72hrs) of the clot and of heparin anticoagulation and was only slightly decreased (by 20%) in the presence of circulating human fibrinogen (90 mg/kg body weight) and of human crosslinked fibrin degradation products at a plasma concentration of 10 pg/ml. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 to occlusive human plasma clots in the femoral artery of rabbits was comparable to that of the non-occlusive human plasma clots in the jugular vein. The Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, labeled with 123I to a specific activity of 10 μCi/pg were injected intravenously (3 μg/kg) in 72 rabbits with a nonocclusive 0.2 ml human plasma clot in the jugular vein and in 7 control rabbits that underwent the surgical procedure without clot formation. Total body scans performed at hourly intervals revealed a higher relative increase in gamma counts over the thrombus region in the group with thrombus as compared to controls: at 6 hr 54 ± 18 vs 16 ± 13% (mean ± SEM, p <0.1) and at12 hrs 35 ± 11 vs –7 ± 12 (p <0.05). The vein segment to blood ratios of 123I at 24 hrs were 6.6 ± 2.4 in the group with clot and 1.5 to 0.7 in the control group (p <0.01). We conclude that these Fab fragments may have a sufficiently high fibrin-affinity to allow in vivo thrombus localization by external scanning.

Inhibition of Clotting as the Result of Plasminogen Activation by Streptokinase

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Glas ◽  
F. K Beller
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
The One

SummarySamples of an activation mixture, consisting of fibrinogen, streptokinase and plasma (source of pro-activator) were added to thrombin at intervals of 1 minute and subjected to lysis time determinations; the absence of clotting was noted after a certain period of incubation. At this point, the lysis time was no longer measurable.Inhibition of coagulation was not observed if either bovine fibrinogen or human plasma were incubated with streptokinase alone. If, however, human fibrinogen was used instead of bovine fibrinogen, this effect occurred even if only fibrinogen and streptokinase were incubated.The mechanism of the process described was investigated by varying the different streptokinase- and fibrinogen concentrations, using either undiluted or diluted plasma.It was evident that there is a relationship between the concentrations of fibrinogen and streptokinase on the one hand, and the degree of plasma dilution on the other.Fibrinogenolysis is caused by activation of the pro-enzyme contained in the fibrinogen preparations. During this process, fibrinogen is altered to a non-coagulable protein.

Functional and Metabolic Studies of Human Asialofibrinogen

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martinez ◽  
J. E. Palascak ◽  
C. L. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Chain Polymerization

Human fibrinogen treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase released over 90% of its sialic acid, as measured by the thiobarbiturate method, without any alteration in peptide chain structure on SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The thrombin time of asíalo -fibrinogen was significantly shortened when compared with normal fibrinogen. To study the ability of human asialofibrinogen to cross-link under the influence of Factor XIII, normal fibrinogen and asialofibrinogen were each clotted with thrombin in the presence of Factor XIII and calcium. At time intervals ranging from 3 minutes to 2 hours clots were removed, reduced with mercaptoethanol, solubilized and run in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Normal and asialofibrin show similar rates of γ–γ chain dimerization, followed by α-chain polymerization that is complete within 2 hours of incubation. In contrast to previous studies, our data show that asialofibrinogen has a normal ability to form cross-linked fibrin. The metabolic properties of human asialofibrinogen were investigated by simultaneous infusion of 131I-normal fibrinogen and 125I-asialofibrinogen into rabbits. In contrast to most asialoproteins, the half-life of asialofibrinogen was decreased by only 26% when compared with 131I-normal fibrinogen. Thus it appears that sialic acid is neither a major determinant in fibrinogen catabolism nor in normal cross-linking of fibrin.

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