Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Ramon Diaz ◽  
Gerardo Davalos ◽  
Alfredo Guerron
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Digestive Hemorrhage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Attending Physician

Background Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool is endoscopy. New devices are being developed and employed that facilitate the management of this pathology. In this review, we show the status of endoscopic management of digestive hemorrhage, current practices, and future directions. Methods We explore the management of patients with GIB (upper and lower). Besides, we analyzed the diagnostic methods in occult digestive hemorrhage. We show the evidence collected so far, and how each therapeutic method can be applied. Results GIB constitutes a challenge for the attending physician. Different therapeutic procedures are available. Less invasive devices have a role in the diagnosis but not therapy. The use of risk stratification is well established for upper bleeding, but for lower bleeding, there is still no evidence to support the use of these scores. Knowledge of altered anatomy is crucial in special populations. Conclusion A variety of procedures are available for the treatment of GIB. Emphasis should be placed on less invasive diagnostic techniques as well as on new and more efficient therapies. Attention should be given to the initial management, with timely diagnosis and effective resuscitation to decrease the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Рreoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology by methods of radiological diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Pospelov
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Attending Physician

Introduction. Recently, surgeons have been using minimally invasive methods to treat parathyroid gland pathology. More selective surgical approaches are based on the accuracy of preoperative diagnostic methods. Various radiological diagnostic techniques are used to visualize parathyroid gland pathology. New modalities are entering clinical practice along with long-known techniques. The attending physician should be guided by the most clinically effective and economically reasonable algorithm when choosing diagnostic algorithm. The aim of the study was to find the optimal diagnostic protocol for preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology on the basis of available data. Conclusion. Preoperative imaging of parathyroid glands continues to evolve with changes of old techniques and appearance of new ones, though none of modalities has a clear advantage. The choice of imaging algorithm is largely based on the availability of techniques and the experience of particular diagnostic centers. Ultrasound and planar scintigraphy are well established and most widely used. The combination of these techniques remains the first line of diagnosis in preoperative imaging. However, there is no consensus on the choice between planar scintigraphy tech niques: the washout method or the subtraction method. Replacing planar scintigraphy with SPECT/CT improves the detectability of pathological masses and clarifies their topographic location. Computed tomography and MRI techniques are used as a second-line technique and have an advantage in small adenoma sizes, multiple lesions, ectopias, reoperations, and in case of ambiguous ultrasound and scintigraphy data. The significance of PET/CT in the diagnosis of thyroid pathology has not yet been defined, the data are still scarce and published studies are very heterogeneous, but due to the excellent diagnostic characteristics the method seems very promising, in particular in patients with persistent disease.

Forensic research of staff fraud

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
V.A. Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Original Approach

Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud. Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

Endoscopic Management of Bowel Obstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Stent Placement ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Patient Status

AbstractThe traditional morbidity and mortality associated with traditional management has stimulated exploration of endoscopic approaches. Success depends on patient selection, the location and etiology of obstruction, patient status, and the capability of the endoscopist. This article discusses techniques of intralumenal dilation and stent placement and results from systematic reviews.

Atrioesophageal Fistula as a Complication of Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mustafa Emin Canakci ◽  
Cengiz Ovali ◽  
İrem Aydogdu ◽  
Betul Tiryaki Bastug ◽  
Obaidullah Ahmadzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Atrioesophageal Fistula

Abstract Atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is an important complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Delayed diagnosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite the name “atrioesophageal fistula,” fistulas functionally act esophageal to atrial, which accounts for the neurologic and infectious complications. This report presents the management of a 60-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with AEF-caused gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was operated urgently, but he had serious comorbidities and died after the operation. The aim of this case was to evaluate patients who underwent RFA, within 10 days to two months, carefully in the ED and to know the possible complications.

Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Multifocal Lymphangioendotheliomatosis With Thrombocytopenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Noel ◽  
Kelly J. Duffy ◽  
Michael E. Kelly ◽  
Nader Tondravi ◽  
Paula E. North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Endoscopic Management

Characteristics of examination algorithm of patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa using tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Gordeeva ◽  
I. V. Kulik ◽  
E. A. Khromova ◽  
A. L. Rubezhov ◽  
M. V. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Trauma ◽  
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Group 5

Relevance. The paper demonstrates the need to implement modern diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions at early or preclinical stages. Additional diagnostic methods are necessary, e.g. tissue autofluorescence, which allows revealing insidious pathological risk zones, particularly precancerous and cancerous lesions, to evaluate the condition of the oral tissues in patients with chronic oral mucosa disorders, especially caused by trauma. Purpose – to assess trauma-specific effectiveness of autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) in risk group patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa to reveal early malignization signs.Materials and methods. 25 subjects were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: main group – 20 patients with different manifestations of chronic oral mucosa trauma; control group – 5 subjects without visible clinical manifestations and without oral trauma factors. Autofluorescence spectroscopy was performed in both groups using AFS-400 stomatoscope.Results. The received data demonstrated that the change in autofluorescence doesn’t allow drawing final conclusions on the presence or absence of chronic oral trauma malignization signs.Conclusion. AFS-400 stomatoscope may be effective in differentiating between healthy and damaged tissues, but there is no solid evidence that the change in fluorescence shade can help differentiate between various types of damaged tissues. Autofluorescence spectroscopy should be considered as an additional method for examination of patients with chronic oral mucosa trauma to reveal early malignization signs.

scholarly journals Hemosuccus Pancreaticus: A Rare Bleeding Pseudoaneurysm of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Treated with Embolization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Luke L. Wang ◽  
Zachary M. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽  
Hemosuccus Pancreaticus ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Invasive Angiography ◽  
Life Threatening

Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and can be life-threatening if not managed appropriately. Still thought to be a surgical problem, advances in medical therapy now afford these patients the opportunity to undergo less-invasive angiography techniques to manage this illness when it occurs. Here, we present a case of hemosuccus pancreaticus safely managed with liquid N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate embolization.

scholarly journals Application of electrochemical aptasensors in detection of cancer biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3315-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Negahdary ◽  
Ali Moradi ◽  
Hossein Heli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cancer Markers

Today, the late diagnosis of cancers is a big challenge, and using novel diagnostic techniques will provide essential, faster and more accurate treatments. Unfortunately, existing common and traditional diagnostic methods have not been helpful completely and most cancers are diagnosed too late. Recently, researchers have found new diagnostic methods against cancers by aptasensors; these sensory systems can detect involved biomarkers in various cancers so that the research in this field is continued strictly. Aptasensors can detect cancer markers in small quantities and high selectivity; moreover, other advantages of cancer aptasensors such as optimized time and cost saving can be considered. In addition, the aptasensors have been used in the diagnosis of the effective and related factors in cancer therapy follow-up. Here, the most researches about cancer aptasensors and other involved markers were collected, reviewed and described.  

scholarly journals Detection of “Candidatus Helicobacter suis” in Gastric Samples of Pigs by PCR: Comparison with Other Invasive Diagnostic Techniques

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. De Groote ◽  
R. Ducatelle ◽  
L. J. van Doorn ◽  
K. Tilmant ◽  
A. Verschuuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blot ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Urease Test

Recently, a new 16S ribosomal DNA-based PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of “Candidatus Helicobacter suis” (former “Gastrospirillum suis”) in porcine gastric samples. In the present study, this PCR assay was compared to three other invasive diagnostic methods (rapid urease test, immunohistochemistry, histologic analysis by Giemsa staining). Antral stomach samples from 200 slaughterhouse pigs from Belgium and The Netherlands were examined. Bacterial presence was determined in 77% (154 of 200) of the samples by PCR in combination with Southern blot hybridization, 56% (111 of 200) of the samples by immunohistochemistry, 61% (122 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (20 h postinoculation [p.i.]), 36% (71 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (3 h p.i.), and 33% (65 of 200) of the samples by Giemsa staining. The intrinsic specificity of the PCR assay was assessed by Southern blot analysis with an “Candidatus H. suis”-specific probe and sequencing of PCR products. Interassay sensitivity and specificity values were assessed for each test by pairwise comparisons between tests. Agreement between tests was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. From that analysis, the PCR assay was considered the most reliable benchmark. Microscopic detection of immunohistochemically labeled or Giemsa-stained “Candidatus H. suis” cells in stomach sections proved to be highly specific (100%) but relatively insensitive (72 and 42%, respectively) compared to the PCR assay. A longer incubation time of the urease test improved its sensitivity considerably (74 versus 55%) but was accompanied by a loss of specificity (72 versus 93%). In conclusion, we found the “Candidatus H. suis”-specific PCR assay to be a sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the detection of “Candidatus H. suis” in the stomachs of pigs and could prove to be a valuable tool for further epidemiological studies both for “Candidatus H. suis”- and for “Helicobacter heilmannii” type 1-related research.

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