scholarly journals Рreoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology by methods of radiological diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Pospelov
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Attending Physician

Introduction. Recently, surgeons have been using minimally invasive methods to treat parathyroid gland pathology. More selective surgical approaches are based on the accuracy of preoperative diagnostic methods. Various radiological diagnostic techniques are used to visualize parathyroid gland pathology. New modalities are entering clinical practice along with long-known techniques. The attending physician should be guided by the most clinically effective and economically reasonable algorithm when choosing diagnostic algorithm. The aim of the study was to find the optimal diagnostic protocol for preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology on the basis of available data. Conclusion. Preoperative imaging of parathyroid glands continues to evolve with changes of old techniques and appearance of new ones, though none of modalities has a clear advantage. The choice of imaging algorithm is largely based on the availability of techniques and the experience of particular diagnostic centers. Ultrasound and planar scintigraphy are well established and most widely used. The combination of these techniques remains the first line of diagnosis in preoperative imaging. However, there is no consensus on the choice between planar scintigraphy tech niques: the washout method or the subtraction method. Replacing planar scintigraphy with SPECT/CT improves the detectability of pathological masses and clarifies their topographic location. Computed tomography and MRI techniques are used as a second-line technique and have an advantage in small adenoma sizes, multiple lesions, ectopias, reoperations, and in case of ambiguous ultrasound and scintigraphy data. The significance of PET/CT in the diagnosis of thyroid pathology has not yet been defined, the data are still scarce and published studies are very heterogeneous, but due to the excellent diagnostic characteristics the method seems very promising, in particular in patients with persistent disease.

scholarly journals Diagnostic aspects of closed abdominal injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-897
Author(s):  
I S Malkov ◽  
V A Filippov ◽  
V N Korobkov ◽  
Kh M Khalilov ◽  
M R Tagirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Abdominal Injuries ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Radiologic Study

Aim. To study diagnostic value of various diagnostic methods for patients with closed abdominal injury, to develop a diagnostic algorithm to make a reasonable conclusion about the amount and severity of injuries of the abdomen.Methods. Various diagnostic methods used in closed abdominal injuries from 120 patients admitted to Surgical Department №2 of Kazan city clinical hospital №7 from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. Majority of victims (65%) with closed abdominal trauma were males aged 20 to 50 years.Results. Efficiency of diagnostic program for patients with closed abdominal injury used in clinical practice was studied. In a closed abdominal trauma, injury of abdominal organs was detected in 52.5% of patients. 71.4% of those injuries were isolated and 28.6% were concomitant. According to frequency of injuries liver took the first place 15 (23.8%), followed by spleen on the second place (14; 22.2%) and kidneys (12; 19.1%) and intestine (12; 19.1%) on the third, bladder on the fourth (7; 11.1%), and pancreas on the fifth place (3; 4.8%). Importance of radiological methods and laparoscopy was demonstrated. Clinical examination and laboratory diagnostic techniques allow making a timely diagnosis in only 40% of victims. Informativity of radiologic study was 64%. The accuracy of ultrasound in damaged kidneys was 100%, that in rupture of liver was 72%, of spleen, 69%, and of the intestine (0%). Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy was 98.9%.Conclusion. Experience and extensive acquaintance with modern literature allowed the authors to present the algorithm of examination of patients with suspected closed abdominal trauma.

Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Ramon Diaz ◽  
Gerardo Davalos ◽  
Alfredo Guerron
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Digestive Hemorrhage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Attending Physician

Background Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool is endoscopy. New devices are being developed and employed that facilitate the management of this pathology. In this review, we show the status of endoscopic management of digestive hemorrhage, current practices, and future directions. Methods We explore the management of patients with GIB (upper and lower). Besides, we analyzed the diagnostic methods in occult digestive hemorrhage. We show the evidence collected so far, and how each therapeutic method can be applied. Results GIB constitutes a challenge for the attending physician. Different therapeutic procedures are available. Less invasive devices have a role in the diagnosis but not therapy. The use of risk stratification is well established for upper bleeding, but for lower bleeding, there is still no evidence to support the use of these scores. Knowledge of altered anatomy is crucial in special populations. Conclusion A variety of procedures are available for the treatment of GIB. Emphasis should be placed on less invasive diagnostic techniques as well as on new and more efficient therapies. Attention should be given to the initial management, with timely diagnosis and effective resuscitation to decrease the morbidity and mortality.

Forensic research of staff fraud

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
V.A. Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Original Approach

Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud. Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.

An Update on Airway Management

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Airway Devices

In recent years, there have been many advances in the safe management of the patient's airway, a cornerstone of anesthetic practice. An Update on Airway Management brings forth information about new approaches in airway management in many clinical settings. This volume analyzes and explains new preoperative diagnostic methods, algorithms, intubation devices, extubation procedures, novelties in postoperative management in resuscitation and intensive care units, while providing a simple, accessible and applicable reading experience that helps medical practitioners in daily practice. The comprehensive updates presented in this volume make this a useful reference for anesthesiologists, surgeons and EMTs at all levels. Key topics reviewed in this reference include: New airway devices, clinical management techniques, pharmacology updates (ASA guidelines, DAS algorithms, Vortex approach, etc.), Induced and awake approaches in different settings Updates on diagnostic accuracy of perioperative radiology and ultrasonography Airway management in different settings (nonoperating room locations and emergency rooms) Airway management in specific patient groups (for example, patients suffering from morbid obesity, obstetric patients and critical patients) Algorithms and traditional surgical techniques that include emergency cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy in ‘Cannot Intubate, Cannot Ventilate’ scenarios. Learning techniques to manage airways correctly, focusing on the combination of knowledge, technical abilities, decision making, communication skills and leadership Special topics such as difficult airway management registry, organization, documentation, dissemination of critical information, big data and databases

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile Infection, Still a Long Way to Go

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Kampouri ◽  
Antony Croxatto ◽  
Guy Prod’hom ◽  
Benoit Guery
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
The Right

Clostridioides difficile is an increasingly common pathogen both within and outside the hospital and is responsible for a large clinical spectrum from asymptomatic carriage to complicated infection associated with a high mortality. While diagnostic methods have considerably progressed over the years, the optimal diagnostic algorithm is still debated and there is no single diagnostic test that can be used as a standalone test. More importantly, the heterogeneity in diagnostic practices between centers along with the lack of robust surveillance systems in all countries and an important degree of underdiagnosis due to lack of clinical suspicion in the community, hinder a more accurate evaluation of the burden of disease. Our improved understanding of the physiopathology of CDI has allowed some significant progress in the treatment of CDI, including a broader use of fidaxomicine, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation for multiples recurrences and newer approaches including antibodies, vaccines and new molecules, already developed or in the pipeline. However, the management of CDI recurrences and severe infections remain challenging and the main question remains: how to best target these often expensive treatments to the right population. In this review we discuss current diagnostic approaches, treatment and potential prevention strategies, with a special focus on recent advances in the field as well as areas of uncertainty and unmet needs and how to address them.

Characteristics of examination algorithm of patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa using tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Gordeeva ◽  
I. V. Kulik ◽  
E. A. Khromova ◽  
A. L. Rubezhov ◽  
M. V. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Trauma ◽  
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Cancerous Lesions ◽  
Group 5

Relevance. The paper demonstrates the need to implement modern diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions at early or preclinical stages. Additional diagnostic methods are necessary, e.g. tissue autofluorescence, which allows revealing insidious pathological risk zones, particularly precancerous and cancerous lesions, to evaluate the condition of the oral tissues in patients with chronic oral mucosa disorders, especially caused by trauma. Purpose – to assess trauma-specific effectiveness of autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) in risk group patients with chronic trauma of the oral mucosa to reveal early malignization signs.Materials and methods. 25 subjects were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: main group – 20 patients with different manifestations of chronic oral mucosa trauma; control group – 5 subjects without visible clinical manifestations and without oral trauma factors. Autofluorescence spectroscopy was performed in both groups using AFS-400 stomatoscope.Results. The received data demonstrated that the change in autofluorescence doesn’t allow drawing final conclusions on the presence or absence of chronic oral trauma malignization signs.Conclusion. AFS-400 stomatoscope may be effective in differentiating between healthy and damaged tissues, but there is no solid evidence that the change in fluorescence shade can help differentiate between various types of damaged tissues. Autofluorescence spectroscopy should be considered as an additional method for examination of patients with chronic oral mucosa trauma to reveal early malignization signs.

scholarly journals The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e001069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Picado ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Maël Redard-Jacot ◽  
Alejandro G Schijman ◽  
Faustino Torrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
And Performance

It is estimated that between 8000 and 15 000 Trypanosoma cruzi infected babies are born every year to infected mothers in Chagas disease endemic countries. Currently, poor access to and performance of the current diagnostic algorithm, based on microscopy at birth and serology at 8–12 months after delivery, is one of the barriers to congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control. Detection of parasite DNA using molecular diagnostic tools could be an alternative or complement to current diagnostic methods, but its implementation in endemic regions remains limited. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CCD cases would have a positive clinical and epidemiological impact. In this paper, we analysed the burden of CCD in Latin America, and the potential use of molecular tests to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infected newborns.

scholarly journals Application of electrochemical aptasensors in detection of cancer biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3315-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Negahdary ◽  
Ali Moradi ◽  
Hossein Heli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cancer Markers

Today, the late diagnosis of cancers is a big challenge, and using novel diagnostic techniques will provide essential, faster and more accurate treatments. Unfortunately, existing common and traditional diagnostic methods have not been helpful completely and most cancers are diagnosed too late. Recently, researchers have found new diagnostic methods against cancers by aptasensors; these sensory systems can detect involved biomarkers in various cancers so that the research in this field is continued strictly. Aptasensors can detect cancer markers in small quantities and high selectivity; moreover, other advantages of cancer aptasensors such as optimized time and cost saving can be considered. In addition, the aptasensors have been used in the diagnosis of the effective and related factors in cancer therapy follow-up. Here, the most researches about cancer aptasensors and other involved markers were collected, reviewed and described.  

scholarly journals Modern aspects of surgical treatment of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Badri V. Sigua ◽  
Vyacheslav P. Zemlyanoy ◽  
Sergey V. Petrov ◽  
Diyora H. Qalandarova
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Interventions

Despite the ongoing preventive measures aimed at reducing the formation of adhesions in the abdominal cavity with an increase in the number of surgical interventions on the abdominal organs, the number of patients admitted to surgical hospitals with adhesions of the small intestine is also increasing. It should be noted that annually about 12% of previously operated patients undergo treatment in surgical departments while the exceptional fact is that 5070% are patients with acute adhesive ileus of the small intestine and the mortality rate in this group ranges from 13 to 55%. In recent years the literature has been actively discussing the advantages of minimally invasive technologies in the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction since the use of traditional methods often leads to the development of complications with repeated (in 60% of cases) surgical interventions. The purpose of this study was the development and implementation of an improved therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction which made it possible to improve the results of treatment. A comparative analysis of 338 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction who were treated in the surgical departments of the St. Elizabeth Hospital in St. Petersburg in the period from 2016-2019 was carried out. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: the main (I) group (2018-2019), which consisted of 198 patients who received the improved diagnostic and treatment algorithm as well as the comparison group (II) (2016-2017) which included 140 cases these are patients examined according to the standard protocol and operated on in the traditional way. Moreover, in 98 cases, it was possible to resolve acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction in a conservative way, and 240 patients underwent surgical treatment. The developed diagnostic algorithm is based on the consistent application of the most informative diagnostic methods. At the same time the indications and the sequence of their application were established which ultimately made it possible to shorten the preoperative time interval as well as to determine the optimal treatment strategy with the choice of the type of surgical treatment (laparotomy or laparoscopy). The proposed treatment and diagnostic algorithm allowed to reduce the complication rate from 46.5% (53) to 22.2% (28) (р 0,001), and the mortality rate from 14.9% (17) to 3.9% (5) (p 0,01).

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