scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal PAP smears in antenatal women in a tertiary hospital in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saritha Shamsunder ◽  
Akriti Gautam ◽  
Geetika Khanna ◽  
Sunita Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

Background: Pregnancy provides a good time for opportunistic screening of our women who rarely attend for cervical screening. The prevalence of abnormal PAP smear in pregnant women in developed countries was 5-6%, however, no literature was available from India. Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal PAP smears in antenatal women presenting to our antenatal clinic. Methods: Women attending the antenatal clinic with gestation of <28 weeks were recruited after an informed consent and had a PAP smear by Ayre spatula and cytobrush or a broom type of cytobrush. The comfort level during smear taking & any problems noted were recorded using a pain score. The smears were stained using the PAP stain, were categorized as adequate or inadequate & classified as per Bethesda classification. Results: We had 150 women participating, the mean age was 24.2 yrs, the mean period of gestation was 17 weeks; 43.9% were nulliparous. Smear adequacy rate was 71.5% overall. Pain during procedure was reported in 2.9% of women, 18.3% had minor discomfort; 78.6% were comfortable. Minor bleeding during smear taking was noted in 15%; this was more with the cytobrush & broom than the Ayre spatula alone. Abnormal smears were seen in three women; two had AGC & one had LSIL. Conclusions: Opportunistic cervical screening during pregnancy is safe and well tolerated. Abnormal Cervical smears were seen in 2% of our pregnant women.

scholarly journals Pap smear screening in antenatal women: an opportunistic way to save life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Suhailur Rehman ◽  
Imam Bano ◽  
Sayeedul H. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Cancer cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy encountered in developing countries. In India, first visit to the gynaecologist for most women is during pregnancy and it may be the only visit. Hence, prenatal care offers an excellent opportunity to implement cervical screening in patients of young age, especially in women who do not seek routine health care. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among the ante-natal women and to evaluate the result in relation to various risk factors.Methods: Cross sectional observational study conducted on 425 ante-natal women attending the antenatal clinic using questioner addressing various socio-demographic variables. Measures of central tendency calculated and result was tabulated by using chi-square test.Results: Maximum number of cases in our study was NILM i.e.314 (74%) followed by 68 cases of Candida (16%), 30 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (7.1%) and 10 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis (2.4%). Only 3 cases of abnormal Pap smear was reported i.e. 2 of ASCUS and 1 of LSIL. Thus, prevalence of abnormal Pap smear was 0.7%.Conclusions: In country like India where organised screening programme are not available, as well as the awareness and uptake of available services by the target population is also poor; screening in pregnancy is worthwhile and may be a viable option to reduce the burden of cervical carcinoma. 

scholarly journals Present potential of exfoliative cytology in detection of cervix cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sushila Jain ◽  
Anuj Paudel ◽  
S K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

  Introduction: Conventional Pap smear is the mainstay for cervical cancer screening in developing countries and women should be motivated for cervical screening program to detect early dysplastic cells. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of abnormalities in Pap smears, particularly pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in women attending Lumbini Medical College in western Nepal.   Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out and 1066 Pap smears were studied to look for epithelial cell abnormality according to revised Bethesda system 2001.   Results: Out of 1066 patients who underwent Pap smear examination, 71 (6.6%) revealed epithelial cell abnormality; most were low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) occupying 4.59% at the age between 23 to 29 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 0.37 % of patients at the age 40 years and above. In our scenario, per vaginal discharge was the major finding of the patients who showed premalignant features.   Conclusions: Women above 40 years are at a risk of premalignant as well as malignant lesions and these women should undergo screening for abnormal cells at the age of 18 or when sexual activity starts and as per recommendations to look for early dysplastic cells. Cervical screening program should be motivated by the national policy makers and also by health professionals.

“A Pap smear saved my life”: Personal experiences of cervical abnormalities shape attitudes to cervical screening renewal

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M Obermair ◽  
Kirsten J McCaffery ◽  
Rachael H Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Screening Intervals

Objective In 2017, the Australian National Cervical Screening Program changed from two-yearly Pap smears between ages 18 and 69, to five-yearly human papillomavirus screening between ages 25 and 74 (the “Renewal”). This study investigated attitudes towards the changes, among individuals previously affected by cervical abnormalities/cervical cancer, personally or through a friend/relative. Methods We conducted a thematic analysis of comments expressing personal history or a family/friend history of cervical abnormalities/cervical cancer as a reason for opposing changes to the cervical screening program. The comments were taken from a 20% random sample of 19,633 comments posted on the “Change.org” petition “Stop May 1st Changes to Pap Smears – Save Women's Lives” in February–March 2017. Results There were 831 (20.8%) commenters who reported that they were concerned about a change in screening due to: feelings of increased personal vulnerability to cervical cancer due to their own personal history of cervical abnormalities; comparison of extended screening intervals and later age of first screening to their own experiences; and a perception of increased personal risk due to family history. Conclusion Women previously affected by cervical abnormalities or cervical cancer, personally or through a friend/relative, expressed concern about changes to cervical screening due to perceived increased risk and feeling vulnerable due to personal history.

scholarly journals Cytohistological correlation of conventional Papanicolaou smears in cervical neoplasia at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479
Author(s):  
Anuj Poudel ◽  
Prahar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Biopsy

Background: Conventional Cervical Cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening test. The incidence of cervical carcinoma is incredibly high in developing countries due to lack of proper knowledge. The extensive use of cervical screening with Papanicolau smears had considerably increased the detection of precancerous and cancerous lesion of uterine cervix. Study was conducted to evaluate cytohistological correlation and to calculate concordance and discordance of Pap smear in detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 samples reported in Pap smear as cervical intraepithelial lesions and suspicious for invasive malignancies were selected and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings. It was an observational study done for a period of 18 months from November 2016 to May 2018 at UCMS-TH. All the statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: During the study period 54 cases were evaluated. Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance was the common abnormal findings in the Pap smear with frequency of 26 (48.1%). Out of total 54 cases of Pap smears, 30 (55.55%) were concordant while discrepancies occurred in 24(44.44%) cases with cervical biopsy. Conclusions: The study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and cervical biopsy. We also concluded that conventional Pap smear is a cost effective test for the early detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.

scholarly journals Postpartum Pap Smear Results in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears Detected at First Antenatal Care: A Retrospective Study in a Songklanagarind Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Nungrutai Saeaib
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

Objective: To assess the remission rate at postpartum periods of abnormal Pap smears during pregnancy, and to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears.Material and Methods: Pregnant women, who had antenatal care (ANC) in Songklanagarind Hospital in period of January 2011 to December 2019, were identified retrospectively. Exclusion criteria included inaccessible results of Pap smears during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Medical records of all pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears were reviewed. The association between Pap smear results during pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed by Cramer’s V statistic ranging from 0 to 1, with a 1 indicating perfect association.Results: Of these 8,238 pregnant women had available Pap smear results, 109 (1.3%) women were shown with abnormal results. The most common of abnormality from Pap smears were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. In postpartum period, 50 women who had abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy, underwent postpartum follow-up examination at six weeks postpartum, respectively. The majority of results (84.0%) were normal whilst rate of remission occurred in 45 women (90.0%). The association of Pap smears between during pregnancy and postpartum was shown to have a small association (Cramer’s V = 0.2).Conclusion: There was low prevalence of abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy and high remission rate at postpartum. However, health care providers should be aware of cervical cancer screening in all pregnant women, because many women had not undergone cervical cancer screening before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Utility of Papanicolaou’s smears in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Shivangi S. Gandhi ◽  
Pinal C. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: "Preventable but not prevented", this is the reality of cervical cancer today, at least in developing countries. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in these developing countries. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. The Papanicolaou test is simple, quick, and painless. It is capable of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and is used widely in developed countries, where it has decreased both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Objective of the study was conducted to determine the importance of conventional Pap smears for the diagnosis of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 on 2000 women coming for a Pap smear examination in Government Medical College attached to New Civil Hospital, Surat. After doing Pap stain, all cases were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: A total of 2000 cases of Pap smears were received out of which 1914(95.7%) cases were satisfactory for evaluation, 86(4.3%) cases were unsatisfactory. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities was 3.66%. The age group of 51-60 years showed the highest epithelial abnormalities. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities in asymptomatic women was 2.3%. Out of the 1844 cases, 103(5.6%) showed changes of atrophy, 1011(54.8%) cases showed inflammatory/reactive changes, whereas organisms were seen in 558(30.3%) cases.Conclusions: Pap smear happens to be an economical, safe and pragmatic diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS CAESAREAN SECTION - THE VIEWS ARE CHANGING: FINDINGS AMONG ANTENATAL ATTENDEES IN A NIGER DELTA TERTIARY FACILITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Abah MG ◽  
Umoh AV
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outright Rejection ◽  
The Mean

Background: Aversion towards Caesarean section and its outright rejection by parturient have been widely reported in Nigeria. Objective: This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the perception and attitude towards Caesarean section by pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a Niger Delta tertiary facility. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 500 women interviewed using selfadministered semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaires with open and close ended questions. Their socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, perception and attitude towards Caesarean section were inquired Results: The mean age of the women was 29.1years

scholarly journals High incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Mondal ◽  
Dipak Das
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Hypertension is one of the most frequently encountered medical disorder in obstetrics practice and remain a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives was to find out the high incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy.Methods: All consenting 50 cases of normal pregnant women and 50 women with pre-eclampsia attending antenatal clinic for checkup of ≥20 weeks who fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Serum magnesium was measured by Calmagite method.Results: Out of 100 primigravidae 50 cases of pre-eclampsia women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.156±0.328. In contrast out of 50 cases of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.907±0.321. The difference between the mean serum magnesium level in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women cases were statistically significant (p=0.0016). The study presented below it is clear that there are numerous factors that contribute to the causality of pre-eclampsia and from our analysis it was clear that the serum magnesium levels show an irregular pattern of fluctuations in cases suffering from pre-eclampsia and can be attributed to numerous physiological causes.Conclusions: Our study shows a significant reduction of serum magnesium levels in pre-eclampsia cases compared to normal pregnant women and occurrence of both maternal and neonatal complications with the serum magnesium levels decreased.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

Colposcopical, cytological parallels in pregnant women with large intervals interhenetyc

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
L.E. Tumanova ◽  
◽  
Е.V. Kolomiets ◽  
N.P. Badzyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group 1

Relevance of the study of cervical pathology in pregnant women due not only to high frequency, the development of socially active women age and the ability to transition to the malignant form, but ineffective existing methods of diagnosis and treatment The objective: To investigate cytological, colposcopic features of cervical cancer in pregnant women with great interhenetyc interval. Patients and methods. We examined 81 women 40 women with great intergenetichnim intervals in the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period – Group 1; 27 pregnant women who gave birth for the first time at the age of 30 years, 2-nd group, 14 pregnant women who have a break between the first and subsequent births was 3-5 years old – Group 3. The study of the cervix uteri of pregnant women with large intergenetic intervals in later stages performed by colposcopic and cytological methods. Statistical processing osuschstvlyali standard methods. Results. The data show elevated levels of precancerous cervical pathology in pregnant women with great interhenetyc intervals and in the age of pregnant women compared to young pregnant women in which the interval between births is small – 3–5 years. A small percentage difference precancerous lesions of the cervix, 22.5% – women in group 1 and 22.2% – women in group 2, but said that with increasing age probability themselves elimination papillomavirus is reduced accordingly increases the risk of precancer and cervical cancer. Conclusion. 1. The study showed that the problem of the status of the cervix in women with large intergenetic interval remains relevant and not studied until the end. 2. Pregnant women for the first time after 35 years and with more multiparous intergenetichnim interval must always be at the first visit to the antenatal clinic in addition to taking a Pap smear colposcopic spending review. 3. In case of LSIL and HSIL in this category of women – colposcopic and cytological control 1 every 3 months during pregnancy with mandatory HPV PCR WRC. Key words: cervical pathology, pregnancy, colposcopy, cytology.

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