scholarly journals Laboratorial Aspects of Cytolytic Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis as a Key for Accurate Diagnosis: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 634-641
Author(s):  
José Marcos Sanches ◽  
Paulo César Giraldo ◽  
Marcela Grigol Bardin ◽  
Rose Amaral ◽  
Michelle Garcia Discacciati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Patient Interview ◽  
Vaginal Ph

Abstract Objective To identify clinical, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics that differentiate cytolytic vaginosis (CV) from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods The present cross-sectional study analyzed the vaginal contents of 24 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 42 years who were attended at the Genital Infections Clinic at Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM-UNICAMP). They were diagnosed either with (CV = 8, VVC = 8) or without vulvovaginitis or vaginal dysbiosis (controls). The socio-demographic, clinical, and gynecological data were obtained from a detailed patient interview. Samples of the vaginal contents were collected for analysis of vaginal pH, gram stain, and specific fungal culture. The Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. Odds ratios were used to compare the categorical variables. The significance level was considered at p < 0.05. Results Both women with CV and VVC had a lumpy vaginal discharge (p = 0,002) and vaginal hyperemia (p = 0.001), compared with controls. The inflammatory process was more intense in the VVC group (p = 0.001). In the CV group, there was statistical significance for the lactobacillus amount (p = 0.006), vaginal epithelium lysis (p = 0.001), and vaginal pH (p = 0.0002). Conclusion Cytolytic vaginosis and VVC diagnoses rarely differ on clinical characteristics but have different laboratorial findings. The present study highlights the importance of conducting an accurate investigation through laboratory tests rather than clinical criteria to avoid misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals Utilization and associated factors of reproductive health services among 20–39-year-old women in rural China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yue ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Si Qin ◽  
Yanting Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The use of reproductive health (RH) services is important to promote RH. However, little is known about RH services in rural areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries. China is the most populous country in the world, and 40.4% of its population is rural. Our study determined the utilization of and factors associated with RH services in rural China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 978 20- to 39-year-old women was performed in four villages of four cities in Hunan Province. A researcher-created structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into EpiData v3.0 and analysed using SPSS v18.0. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided P-value of less than 0.05. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the socio-demographic factors and the use of RH services by the sample population. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between categorical variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors that correlated with the use of RH services. Results The top three services used were antenatal examinations (90.2%), postpartum visits (73.0%) and free folic acid supplements (71.6%). Age, monthly household income, employment, spousal education level, and artificial abortion history were associated with RH service utilization (P < 0.05). The most desired RH service was cervical/breast cancer prevention services (58.9%). The most preferred method participants used to obtain information on RH services was the internet. Conclusions The utilization rate for RH services in rural China needs improvement. Future efforts should target high-risk populations of women by providing them with RH-related information and cultivating positive attitudes towards RH services.

scholarly journals Use of generic medicines by the Brazilian population: an evaluation of PNAUM 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Paulo Sergio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Vera Lucia Luiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Unified Health System

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the existence of differences in the use of generic medicines in Brazil according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and acquisition sources of the medicines. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines). Data collection took place between September, 2013 and February, 2014 in homes of Brazilian cities (urban area). The use of medicines has been investigated in relation to the treatment of chronic diseases and, in the case of acute events, regarding use over the previous 15 days. Generics were identified by visualization of packaging presented by the users of the medicines. The independent variables used were sex, age, education level, economic class, and region of the Country. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-squared test, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS The prevalence of generic medicines use was 45.5% (95%CI 43.7–47.3). There was no difference considering education level. The prevalence was higher in females (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.0) than in males (43.1%; 95%CI 40.5–45.8), and were higher with increasing age. Generic medicines were more used in the economic class C (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.1) and in the South (50.6%; 95%CI 46.6–54.6) and Southeast (49.9%; 95%CI 46.8–53.0) regions. Generics accounted for 37.3% of the medicines provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is a choice of purchase or free provision by the Brazilian Unified Health System, characterized by quality assurance and reduced price regarding branded medicines considered as reference. In the private market, a considerable part of the population is choosing generic medicines thanks to the availability of this option for virtually all medicines most used by the population.

scholarly journals Comparative attitude and plans of the medical students and young Nepalese doctors

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lakhey ◽  
S Lakhey ◽  
SR Niraula ◽  
D Jha ◽  
R Pant
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Job Prospects

Introduction: Many doctors are leaving Nepal to work abroad. To understand this problem better, we decided to study the attitude and plans of young doctors and medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College involving 65 firstyear medical students, 100 interns and 100 house officers. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programme. Chi-square test was used to compare two proportions. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Only 2% house officers said that their job prospects were excellent as compared to 22.4% of students, whereas 20% house officers as compared to 9% students thought job prospects in Nepal were poor (p= 0.003). Eighty two percent of students thought that a doctor's service to his country was very important as compared to 51% of interns (p=‹ 0.001) and 58% of house officers. Forty percent of students, 58% of interns and 48% of house officers (no statistical significance between the three groups) planned to migrate to a developed country after graduation. Eighty eight percent of students, 89% interns and 74% of house officers (no statistical significant differences between the three groups) were of the opinion that improving career opportunities or working environment of the doctor could make the profession more attractive. Conclusion: Although majority of students, interns and house officers were of the opinion that a doctor's service to his community/country was very important, almost half of them still planned to migrate to a developed country after graduation. Improving the chances of professional advancement and professional working environment can make the profession more attractive, and therefore, may decrease this tendency for brain drain from our country. Key words: Attitude; medical students; migration; young doctors; statistical significance. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2717 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.2 Issue 26, 177-182

scholarly journals Hyposalivation, oral health, and Candida colonization in independent dentate elders

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242832
Author(s):  
Nada Buranarom ◽  
Orapin Komin ◽  
Oranart Matangkasombut
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Significance Level

Hyposalivation is an important problem in elders and could interfere with several oral functions and microbial ecology. While the number of independent elders who retain more natural teeth increases worldwide, few studies examined hyposalivation in this population. Thus, this study aims to examine relationships between hyposalivation, oral health conditions and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders and evaluate factors associated with salivary flow and Candida carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study in fifty-three dentate elders (≥65 years old with at least 4 pairs of posterior occlusal contacts) with no, or well-controlled, systemic conditions. Participants were interviewed for medical history, subjective dry mouth symptoms, oral hygiene practices and denture information. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, objective dry mouth signs, gingival, tongue-coating, and root-caries indices were recorded. Stimulated saliva was cultured on Sabouraud-dextrose agar for Candida counts. Candida species were identified using chromogenic Candida agar and polymerase chain reaction. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. The results showed that hyposalivation was associated with higher gingival and tongue-coating indices (p = 0.003 and 0.015, respectively), but not root-caries index. Hyposalivation was also associated with higher prevalence of oral Candida colonization (p = 0.010; adjusted OR = 4.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–14.72). These two indices and Candida load were negatively correlated with unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. Interestingly, non-albicans Candida species were more prevalent in denture wearers (p = 0.017). Hence, hyposalivation is a risk factor for poorer oral health and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders. Because of its potential adverse effects on oral and systemic health, hyposalivation should be carefully monitored in elders.

Relationship of salt added during preparation and salt intake of cooks

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Santos ◽  
J Lima ◽  
JP Figueiredo ◽  
A Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Introduction The excessive consumption of sodium is one of the main problems in public health and responsible for the loss of years of a healthy life. The salt added to the meals represents a large part of the salt ingested, and the collaborators/cooks responsible for its addition need careful analysis, and intervention adjusted to the analysed reality, its salt consumption and its perception of saltiness may influence the amount of salt added. Objectives This study had as main objective to perceive the relationship between the perception of salt of the employees of the Food and Nutrition Unit and the amount of salt added in the meals that were confectioned. Methodology An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 6 selected cooks from the IPSS’s of Águeda participated. In order to estimate the amount of salt added to the meals, 20 samples of meals prepared by the cooks were taken, and a quantitative assessment of average salt per meal was made using Flame Photometry. The cooks were also subjected to two taste sensitivity tests. The data treatment was performed using the statistical software SPSS, and a statistical significance level of 5% was considered. Results A better perception of the salty taste was observed in the cooks of Institution B. Although there were no differences with statistical significance in the quantity of salt of the meals between the two institutions, the mean and maximum addition of salt in the cooked meals was higher in institution B, regardless of the cook evaluated. Conclusion The perception of the salty taste of the cooks does not seem to determine the amount of salt added to the meals.

scholarly journals Characterization of self-reported communication disorders in elderly women living in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Geovanna Moraes Crispim ◽  
Aldo Pacheco Ferreira ◽  
Terezinha Lima Silva ◽  
Euler Esteves Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Frequency Distributions

OBJECTIVES: Characterize self-reported communication disorders highlighting the association between variables of health conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, hearing loss and diseases in an elderly group. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted from August to December 2012, with 159 women aged 60 or more, recruited at UnATI/UEA (University of the Third Age, University of the State of Amazonas), Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The subjects were interviewed and asked for self-reported communications disorders. Descriptive analysis was performed using central tendency and dispersion measures for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables and the prevalence of self-reported language disorders was estimated. To verify the presence of statistically significant differences it was used χ2, considering the significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Communication disorders were reported by 8.18% of elderly women. The following deficits were reported: intelligibility (6.92%), oral comprehension (10.69%), lexical access (10.69%), and recent memory (38.36%). Reading and writing difficulties were informed by 5.66% and 6.92%, respectively. Among the illiterate group, 20% declared communication disorders, while the literate group, 8.44%. Statistical association was verified between communication disorders and self-reported hearing loss (p=0.03). Association was not detected between communication disorders and diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the diversity of communication disorders within this population, further studies are needed to assess if changes occur at the aging process and how they work so that possibilities for prevention can be discussed.

scholarly journals Schoolchildren’s participation in health promotion process

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Maceinaite ◽  
G Šurkienė ◽  
R Sketerskienė
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Promotion Process

Abstract Background Health promotion (HP) process enables people to increase control over their own health. Schools offers ideal setting for HP interventions as most children spend a large part of time there. The pupils should be involved in this process. Information about schoolchildren’s participation in HP process is a key when planning measures to improve the situation. The shortage of information about students’ participation in this process leads to the aim of study - to determine schoolchildren’s’ participation in HP process. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. 906 schoolchildren aged 14-19 from 29 schools in Lithuania were surveyed by anonymous questionnaire (response rate 80.5%). Logistic regression models with 95% of CI were used for the data analysis. Statistical significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results More than half of respondents (51.4% (95% CI: 48.2; 54.7)) participated in HP process. Participation was significantly related to residence (OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.80; 3.39)) and grade (OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.82)). Participation in health promoting events (57.7% (95% CI: 53.2; 62.1)), assistance in organizing events (33.5% (95% CI: 29.3; 37.9)) - were the most common ways of schoolchildren’s participation. 35.3% of pupils (95% CI: 32.3; 38.5) evaluated their participation as good or very good. 68.7% of schoolchildren (95% CI: 65.6; 71.6)) wanted to participate in HP process more actively. Girls were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than boys (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.56; 2.78)), children who lived in countryside were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than pupils who lived in city (OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.99)). Conclusions Only half of schoolchildren participated in HP process. The majority of pupils would like to participate in HP process more actively, so it is very important for the school to create the right conditions and encourage schoolchildren to participate in HP process. Key messages The participation of schoolchildren in health promotion process is insufficient. The majority of pupils would like to know more about health promotion process.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS (VVC) AMONG WOMEN SUFFERING VAGINITIS ATTENDED A PRIVATE GYNECOLOGICAL CLINIC, ADEN-YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Adel Jumaan Binsaad ◽  
Nazeh Al-Abd
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among women suffering vaginitis. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 women between the age of 15 to 45 years (mean age 39 years), attended a private gynecological clinic in Aden with symptoms of vaginitis between January and June 2019. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the participants’ sociodemographic data and medical history. Direct microscopic examination (10% KOH), culture on SDA, germ tube test and gram staining were used to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and to differentiate between C.albicans and non-albicans species. Out of 120 women, 25 (20.8%) were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and 95 (79.2%) with non-candidal vaginitis. C.albicans was the most prevalent with a prevalence rate of 17.5%. Although not statistically significant, vulvovaginal candidiasis tended to be more prevalent among women with 25-34 years. No statistically significant association between the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and educational level and marital status. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was slightly high in Aden and Candida albicans was the most common causative agent of VVC. In the clinical diagnosis of VVC, both clinical criteria and microbiological tests must be used. Further study is needed to find out the prevalence of RVVC among women in the Aden governorate.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felício Rodrigues-Neto ◽  
Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo ◽  
Anderson Antônio de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Homeopathy is a therapeutic system that uses small doses of substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Brazil, and the socioeconomic profile of users. DESIGN AND SETTING: Probabilistic cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. METHODS: This study was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 3,080 people. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test and the chi-square test were used. The statistical significance level used was P < 0.05. RESULTS: We interviewed 3,090 people. The prevalence of the use of homeopathy was 2.4%. The factors associated with its use were female gender, schooling and income. The main reason that led to seeking homeopathy was "Conventional treatment did not have any effect". For 70.2% of the users, the cost of the treatment was considered reasonable or cheap. About 73% were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received through homeopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of homeopathy found here was less than that reported in other countries. People with higher income and schooling levels used homeopathy more frequently. There was higher prevalence among women. Most users declared themselves satisfied with the treatment received.

scholarly journals Anxiety–Depression of Dialysis Patients and Their Caregivers

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Gerogianni ◽  
Maria Polikandrioti ◽  
Fotoula Babatsikou ◽  
Sofia Zyga ◽  
Victoria Alikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background and Objectives: Anxiety–depression of patients undergoing hemodialysis has a strong relation with the levels of anxiety–depression of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety–depression of dialysis patients and their caregivers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 414 pairs of patients and caregivers from 24 hemodialysis centers of Greece completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The statistical analysis of the data was performed through the Statistical Program SPSS version 20.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 5%. Results: The mean age of patients was 64 (54.06–72.41) years old and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 36 (16–72) months. The mean age of caregivers was 54 (44–66) years old. Of the total sample, 17.1% (n = 71) of patients had high levels of anxiety and 12.3% (n = 51) had high levels of depression. Additionally, 27.8% (n = 115) of caregivers had high levels of anxiety and 11.4% (n = 47) had high levels of depression. Caregivers had higher levels of anxiety when their patients had high levels of anxiety as well (42.3%). Additionally, they had higher levels of depression when their patients had high levels of depression as well (17.6%). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a significant association between the levels of anxiety and depression among patients and caregivers. There is a necessity for individualized assessment of dialysis patients and their caregivers and the implementation of specific interventions for reducing the levels of anxiety and depression among them.

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