Hyposalivation, oral health, and Candida colonization in independent dentate elders

Hyposalivation is an important problem in elders and could interfere with several oral functions and microbial ecology. While the number of independent elders who retain more natural teeth increases worldwide, few studies examined hyposalivation in this population. Thus, this study aims to examine relationships between hyposalivation, oral health conditions and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders and evaluate factors associated with salivary flow and Candida carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study in fifty-three dentate elders (≥65 years old with at least 4 pairs of posterior occlusal contacts) with no, or well-controlled, systemic conditions. Participants were interviewed for medical history, subjective dry mouth symptoms, oral hygiene practices and denture information. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, objective dry mouth signs, gingival, tongue-coating, and root-caries indices were recorded. Stimulated saliva was cultured on Sabouraud-dextrose agar for Candida counts. Candida species were identified using chromogenic Candida agar and polymerase chain reaction. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. The results showed that hyposalivation was associated with higher gingival and tongue-coating indices (p = 0.003 and 0.015, respectively), but not root-caries index. Hyposalivation was also associated with higher prevalence of oral Candida colonization (p = 0.010; adjusted OR = 4.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–14.72). These two indices and Candida load were negatively correlated with unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. Interestingly, non-albicans Candida species were more prevalent in denture wearers (p = 0.017). Hence, hyposalivation is a risk factor for poorer oral health and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders. Because of its potential adverse effects on oral and systemic health, hyposalivation should be carefully monitored in elders.

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Salivary flow rates and buffer capacity and its relationship with oral health status: a cross-sectional study on crack-cocaine-addicted males

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-10143-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (33) ◽

pp. 41876-41884

Author(s):

Nara Santos Araujo ◽

Maria das Graças Alonso Oliveira ◽

Antenor Vieira Borges Neto ◽

Ynara Bosco de Oliveira Lima Arsati ◽

Jean Nunes dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Crack Cocaine ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Flow Rates

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Prevalence of Hyposalivation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Brazilian Subpopulation

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2015/730285 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cristhiane Almeida Leite ◽

Marcial Francis Galera ◽

Mariano Martínez Espinosa ◽

Paulo Ricardo Teles de Lima ◽

Vander Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Significance Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Population

Background.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory, multisystem, and autoimmune disease.Objective.The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of hyposalivation in SLE patients and evaluate factors associated.Methods.This is a cross-sectional study developed at the Cuiaba University General Hospital (UNIC-HGU), Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study population consisted of female SLE patients treated at this hospital from 06/2010 to 12/2012. Unstimulated salivary flow rates (SFRs) were measured. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed in all cases using a significance levelP<0.05.Results.The results showed that 79% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus suffered from hyposalivation and that the disease activity and age in years were the factors that resulted in statistically significant differences.Conclusion.The activity of the disease, age >27 years, and the drugs used were factors associated with hyposalivation, resulting in a statistically significant decrease in saliva production.

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Use of generic medicines by the Brazilian population: an evaluation of PNAUM 2014

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽

Paulo Sergio Dourado Arrais ◽

Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares ◽

Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽

Vera Lucia Luiza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Economic Class ◽

Unified Health System

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the existence of differences in the use of generic medicines in Brazil according to demographic and socioeconomic variables and acquisition sources of the medicines. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines). Data collection took place between September, 2013 and February, 2014 in homes of Brazilian cities (urban area). The use of medicines has been investigated in relation to the treatment of chronic diseases and, in the case of acute events, regarding use over the previous 15 days. Generics were identified by visualization of packaging presented by the users of the medicines. The independent variables used were sex, age, education level, economic class, and region of the Country. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-squared test, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS The prevalence of generic medicines use was 45.5% (95%CI 43.7–47.3). There was no difference considering education level. The prevalence was higher in females (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.0) than in males (43.1%; 95%CI 40.5–45.8), and were higher with increasing age. Generic medicines were more used in the economic class C (47.0%; 95%CI 44.9–49.1) and in the South (50.6%; 95%CI 46.6–54.6) and Southeast (49.9%; 95%CI 46.8–53.0) regions. Generics accounted for 37.3% of the medicines provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is a choice of purchase or free provision by the Brazilian Unified Health System, characterized by quality assurance and reduced price regarding branded medicines considered as reference. In the private market, a considerable part of the population is choosing generic medicines thanks to the availability of this option for virtually all medicines most used by the population.

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Comparative attitude and plans of the medical students and young Nepalese doctors

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2717 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Lakhey ◽

S Lakhey ◽

SR Niraula ◽

D Jha ◽

R Pant

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Working Environment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developed Country ◽

Significance Level ◽

Work Abroad ◽

Job Prospects

Introduction: Many doctors are leaving Nepal to work abroad. To understand this problem better, we decided to study the attitude and plans of young doctors and medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College involving 65 firstyear medical students, 100 interns and 100 house officers. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programme. Chi-square test was used to compare two proportions. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Only 2% house officers said that their job prospects were excellent as compared to 22.4% of students, whereas 20% house officers as compared to 9% students thought job prospects in Nepal were poor (p= 0.003). Eighty two percent of students thought that a doctor's service to his country was very important as compared to 51% of interns (p=‹ 0.001) and 58% of house officers. Forty percent of students, 58% of interns and 48% of house officers (no statistical significance between the three groups) planned to migrate to a developed country after graduation. Eighty eight percent of students, 89% interns and 74% of house officers (no statistical significant differences between the three groups) were of the opinion that improving career opportunities or working environment of the doctor could make the profession more attractive. Conclusion: Although majority of students, interns and house officers were of the opinion that a doctor's service to his community/country was very important, almost half of them still planned to migrate to a developed country after graduation. Improving the chances of professional advancement and professional working environment can make the profession more attractive, and therefore, may decrease this tendency for brain drain from our country. Key words: Attitude; medical students; migration; young doctors; statistical significance. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i2.2717 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.2 Issue 26, 177-182

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Sociodemographic factors associated with pregnant women's level of knowledge about oral health

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wander Barbieri ◽

Stela Verzinhasse Peres ◽

Carla de Britto Pereira ◽

João Peres Neto ◽

Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Promotion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate knowledge on oral health and associated sociodemographic factors in pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study with a sample of 195 pregnant women seen at the Primary Care Unit Paraisópolis I, in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. For statistical analysis, χ2 or Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used. A significance level of 5% was used in all analyses. Results Schooling level equal to or greater than 8 years and having one or two children were associated with an adequate knowledge about oral health. Conclusion Oral health promotion strategies during prenatal care should take into account sociodemographic aspects.

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GAMBARAN XEROSTOMIA PADA KELOMPOK LANSIA YANG MENGGUNAKAN GIGI TIRUAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.3.1.2015.6458 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gracecylia R. Salampessy ◽

Ni Wayan Mariati ◽

Christy Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

The Elderly ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Elderly Group ◽

Dry Mouth ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstack: A person who has entered the elderly group will experience a change in the composition of saliva, causing the production of saliva does not function normally and lead to a complaint of dry mouth or xerostomia. This study aimed to identify and clarify the picture of xerostomia in the elderly group who use denture in Minahasa district. Xerostomia is a common problem that many occur in the elderly. Clinically, patients with dry mouth will feel dry on the lips and the corners of the mouth become irritated. This was a descriptive study using a cross sectional design. This study was carried out in all elderly nursing homes in Minahasa district. The samples of this study were all elderly who used denture in nursing homes in Minahasa district. Salivary flow rate was measured with a measuring cup. The results showed that xerostomia was found in 93.75% of the elderly, more dominant in females (96.7%), and more frequent in the age group 65-69 years (63.3%). Conclusion: Xerostomia was more common in female elderly, therefore, it is expected that the elderly have to maintain their oral health by eating nutritious foods and vitamin C.Keywords: denture, elderly, xerostomia.Abstrak: Seseorang yang sudah memasuki kelompok lansia akan mengalami perubahan dalam komposisi saliva, sehingga menyebabkan produksi saliva tidak berfungsi dengan normal dan mengakibatkan keluhan mulut kering atau xerostomia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan gambaran xerostomia pada kelompok lansia yang menggunakan gigi tiruan di kabupaten Minahasa. Xerostomia merupakan masalah umum yang banyak terjadi pada lansia. Secara klinis pasien dengan mulut kering akan terasa kering pada bibir dan bagian sudut mulut mengalami iritasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh panti werda di kabupaten Minahasa. Sampel penelitian ini ialah semua lansia yang menggunakan gigi tiruan di panti werda di kabupaten Minahasa. Pengukuran laju aliran saliva dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode gelas ukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xerostomia ditemukan pada 93,75% dari populasi, kelamin lebih dominan pada perempuan (96,7%), dan tersering pada rentang usia 65-69 tahun (63,3%). Simpulan: Xerostomia sering terjadi pada lansia terutama yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Diharapkan para lansia dapat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan mengonsumsi makanan bergizi dan kaya vitamin C.Kata kunci: gigi tiruan, lansia, xerostomia

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Relationship of salt added during preparation and salt intake of cooks

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa040.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

D Santos ◽

J Lima ◽

JP Figueiredo ◽

A Rocha

Keyword(s):

Salt Intake ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Careful Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Salty Taste ◽

Excessive Consumption ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Introduction The excessive consumption of sodium is one of the main problems in public health and responsible for the loss of years of a healthy life. The salt added to the meals represents a large part of the salt ingested, and the collaborators/cooks responsible for its addition need careful analysis, and intervention adjusted to the analysed reality, its salt consumption and its perception of saltiness may influence the amount of salt added. Objectives This study had as main objective to perceive the relationship between the perception of salt of the employees of the Food and Nutrition Unit and the amount of salt added in the meals that were confectioned. Methodology An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 6 selected cooks from the IPSS’s of Águeda participated. In order to estimate the amount of salt added to the meals, 20 samples of meals prepared by the cooks were taken, and a quantitative assessment of average salt per meal was made using Flame Photometry. The cooks were also subjected to two taste sensitivity tests. The data treatment was performed using the statistical software SPSS, and a statistical significance level of 5% was considered. Results A better perception of the salty taste was observed in the cooks of Institution B. Although there were no differences with statistical significance in the quantity of salt of the meals between the two institutions, the mean and maximum addition of salt in the cooked meals was higher in institution B, regardless of the cook evaluated. Conclusion The perception of the salty taste of the cooks does not seem to determine the amount of salt added to the meals.

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Schoolchildren’s participation in health promotion process

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

R Maceinaite ◽

G Šurkienė ◽

R Sketerskienė

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Questionnaire Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Right ◽

Promotion Process

Abstract Background Health promotion (HP) process enables people to increase control over their own health. Schools offers ideal setting for HP interventions as most children spend a large part of time there. The pupils should be involved in this process. Information about schoolchildren’s participation in HP process is a key when planning measures to improve the situation. The shortage of information about students’ participation in this process leads to the aim of study - to determine schoolchildren’s’ participation in HP process. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. 906 schoolchildren aged 14-19 from 29 schools in Lithuania were surveyed by anonymous questionnaire (response rate 80.5%). Logistic regression models with 95% of CI were used for the data analysis. Statistical significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results More than half of respondents (51.4% (95% CI: 48.2; 54.7)) participated in HP process. Participation was significantly related to residence (OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.80; 3.39)) and grade (OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.82)). Participation in health promoting events (57.7% (95% CI: 53.2; 62.1)), assistance in organizing events (33.5% (95% CI: 29.3; 37.9)) - were the most common ways of schoolchildren’s participation. 35.3% of pupils (95% CI: 32.3; 38.5) evaluated their participation as good or very good. 68.7% of schoolchildren (95% CI: 65.6; 71.6)) wanted to participate in HP process more actively. Girls were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than boys (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.56; 2.78)), children who lived in countryside were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than pupils who lived in city (OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.99)). Conclusions Only half of schoolchildren participated in HP process. The majority of pupils would like to participate in HP process more actively, so it is very important for the school to create the right conditions and encourage schoolchildren to participate in HP process. Key messages The participation of schoolchildren in health promotion process is insufficient. The majority of pupils would like to know more about health promotion process.

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Perception Regarding Oral Health Among Patients Visiting Dental Outpatient Department

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2019032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 266-270

Author(s):

Saima Asim ◽

Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽

Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry ◽

Shikoh Naz

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Assessment Model ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Participants

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health among patients visiting dental OPD in hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental outpatient departments of two hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Methodology: A total of 393 participants were randomly interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of structured questionnaire developed specifically for the study after obtaining written informed consent over the study of 6 months. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Inferential analysis was performed using chi-square test whereas binary logistic regression was used to develop a risk assessment model for the study outcome. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Overall 31.8% of the study participants had adequate knowledge, 25.2% had adequate attitude whereas 32.2% had adequate practices with regards to oral health. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that higher qualification of the study participants had significant positive associations with adequateness of all of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the study participants regarding oral health at p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and appropriateness of attitude and practices of the study participants was less than satisfactory. The higher education level had a positive impact over the oral health of the participants. It is recommended that healthcare providers and government, in their respective capacities, educate and persuade people to take better care of their oral health.

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