Characterization of self-reported communication disorders in elderly women living in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: Characterize self-reported communication disorders highlighting the association between variables of health conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, hearing loss and diseases in an elderly group. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted from August to December 2012, with 159 women aged 60 or more, recruited at UnATI/UEA (University of the Third Age, University of the State of Amazonas), Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The subjects were interviewed and asked for self-reported communications disorders. Descriptive analysis was performed using central tendency and dispersion measures for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables and the prevalence of self-reported language disorders was estimated. To verify the presence of statistically significant differences it was used χ2, considering the significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Communication disorders were reported by 8.18% of elderly women. The following deficits were reported: intelligibility (6.92%), oral comprehension (10.69%), lexical access (10.69%), and recent memory (38.36%). Reading and writing difficulties were informed by 5.66% and 6.92%, respectively. Among the illiterate group, 20% declared communication disorders, while the literate group, 8.44%. Statistical association was verified between communication disorders and self-reported hearing loss (p=0.03). Association was not detected between communication disorders and diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the diversity of communication disorders within this population, further studies are needed to assess if changes occur at the aging process and how they work so that possibilities for prevention can be discussed.

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Period poverty: menstrual health hygiene issues among adolescent and young Venezuelan migrant women at the northwestern border of Brazil

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01285-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel E. Soeiro ◽

Leila Rocha ◽

Fernanda G. Surita ◽

Luis Bahamondes ◽

Maria L. Costa

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

The North ◽

Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract Background Adolescent and young women (10–24 years old) are habitually a neglected group in humanitarian settings. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is an unmet aspect of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and an additional challenge if lack of hygiene products, inadequate access to safe, clean, and private toilets identified as period poverty. Our objective was to provide an overview of the main MHM issues affecting Venezuelan migrant adolescents and young women in the north-western border of Venezuela-Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted, early in 2021, with the use of a self-responded questionnaire, in Spanish, adapted from the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36). All identified adolescents and young women aged between 12 and 24 years old were invited to participate (convenience sample-167 women). Women with complete questionnaires and who menstruate were included. Information on access to and quality of hygiene kits and toilets were retrieved, and a descriptive analysis performed, with an evaluation of frequencies for categorical variables (n, %) and mean (± SD-standard deviation) for continuous variables. In addition to the open-ended questions, we included one open question about their personal experience with menstruation. Results According to official reports, at the moment of the interviews, there were 1.603 Venezuelans living on the streets in Boa Vista. A total of 167 young women were invited, and 142 further included, mean age was 17.7 years, almost half of the participants who menstruate (46.4%) did not receive any hygiene kits, 61% were not able to wash their hands whenever they wanted, and the majority (75.9%) did not feel safe to use the toilets. Further, menstruation was often described with negative words. Conclusions Migrant Venezuelan adolescents and young women have their MHM needs overlooked, with evident period poverty, and require urgent attention. It is necessary to assure appropriate menstrual materials, education, and sanitation facilities, working in partnership among governmental and non-governmental organizations to guarantee menstrual dignity to these young women.

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Epilepsy as a Comorbidity in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis—A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3983

Author(s):

Ella Nissan ◽

Abdulla Watad ◽

Arnon D. Cohen ◽

Kassem Sharif ◽

Johnatan Nissan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune-mediated multisystemic myopathies, characterized mainly by proximal muscle weakness. A connection between epilepsy and PM/DM has not been reported previously. Our study aim is to evaluate this association. A case–control study was conducted, enrolling a total of 12,278 patients with 2085 cases (17.0%) and 10,193 subjects in the control group (83.0%). Student’s t-test was used to evaluate continuous variables, while the chi-square test was applied for the distribution of categorical variables. Log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards method were performed for the analysis regarding survival. Of the studied 2085 cases, 1475 subjects (70.7%) were diagnosed with DM, and 610 patients (29.3%) with PM. Participants enrolled as cases had a significantly higher rate of epilepsy (n = 48 [2.3%]) as compared to controls (n = 141 [1.4%], p < 0.0005). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, PM was found only to be significantly associated with epilepsy (OR 2.2 [95%CI 1.36 to 3.55], p = 0.0014), whereas a non-significant positive trend was noted in DM (OR 1.51 [95%CI 0.99 to 2.30], p = 0.0547). Our data suggest that PM is associated with a higher rate of epilepsy compared to controls. Physicians should be aware of this comorbidity in patients with immune-mediated myopathies.

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Association between Short Hours of Sleep and Overweight/Obesity in Mexican Adolescent Population: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9080939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Ana Fresan ◽

Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza ◽

María Lilia López-Narváez ◽

Tania Guadalupe Gómez-Peralta ◽

Daniela Georgina Aguilar-Velázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

School Based ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Mexican Adolescents

Background/Aim: Obesity in adolescents is increasing; as such, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Mexican adolescents and examine its possible association with hours of sleep. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. This study included 863 adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years. The prevalence of obesity was estimated using the body mass index (BMI). The duration of sleep (and other information) was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The Cochran–Mantel–Hansel test for categorical variables and a general linear model for continuous variables were used to evaluate the interaction effect of BMI and sex with respect to sleeping and assessed activity conditions. Results: It was found that 47.6% of the adolescents were overweight/obese. Men were more frequently overweight/obese than women (52.6% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.002). Moreover, overweight/obese adolescents were younger and spent fewer daily hours watching television (p < 0.05). Men practiced sports more hours per week than women (p = 0.04). However, women spent more daily time on the internet (p = 0.05), and overweight/obese adolescent women slept fewer hours than overweight/obese men and adolescents with normal weight (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The development of strategies for the prevention of overweight/obesity and the improvement of sleep duration should include a gender perspective to improve health habits in Mexican adolescents.

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Prevalence and factors related to second hand smoking exposure, knowledge and response among adolescents in rural Puducherry

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan ◽

Gokul Sarveswaran ◽

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽

Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽

Marie Gilbert Majella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Assessment ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Public Place ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Second Hand Smoking

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Second Hand Smoking (SHS) and assess the factors related to exposure, knowledge and response to SHS among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were selected randomly and all the adolescents were contacted through household visit and questionnaire was administered. Semi structured questionnaire contained three sections: sociodemographic details, environmental assessment and third section contained knowledge about SHS, COTPA and response towards being exposed to SHS, as well as exposure history. Continuous variables like age were summarized as mean (SD). Categorical variables such as awareness, attitude and practise towards SHS were summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotal number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants were 14.1 (2.4) years and majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to nuclear family. More than one fourth, 210 (26.6%) belonged to middle class of socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of household showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in pucca house and majority 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. It was found that about 70.1% had adequate knowledge about SHS and its harmful effects. Prevalence of exposure to SHS was 49%. Majority (40.5%) told that they will scold or advice the family member to stop smoking if they are exposed to SHS in the living place. However, almost 80% of adolescents mentioned that they will no’t react if they see someone smoking in a public place.ConclusionsCurrent study found that almost half of the adolescents were exposed to SHS. Even though, almost three fourth had adequate knowledge, attitude towards preventing SHS in public place was found to be poor. Hence, adolescents need to be motivated enough to address the problem in the public place through motivational counselling in adolescent clinics by health care workers.

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Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in humans involved in a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya

10.1101/2020.07.17.208363 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arithi Mutembei ◽

Festus K. Mutai ◽

Damaris Mwololo ◽

John Muriuki ◽

Mark Obonyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Test Statistic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tana River

AbstractIntroductionLeptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic infection caused by spirochetes of Leptospira genus. Humans get infected through direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals or environment. It accounts for more than 300,000 severe cases annually worldwide with case fatality rates of over 30%. Costs of diagnosis and treatment for human and animals, disruption of international trade of animals and products, reduced productivity and reproductivity in animals constitute economic importance. In Kenya, leptospirosis burden is significant but under-diagnosis and under-reporting affects the awareness of the disease. This study aimed to determine and compare the sero-prevalence and factors associated with Leptospira spp. in the two counties.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study that involved apparently healthy people of at least 5 years of age in randomly selected households in Garissa and Tana River Counties. Blood samples were collected and tested for Leptospira spp antibodies using IgM ELISA. Standardized structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and exposure information. We calculated frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate association between sero-positivity and exposure factors. We used Wilcoxon test to evaluate statistical difference in sero-positivity for continuous variables and calculated test statistic (H) and p-value.ResultsA total of 952 subjects were recruited into the study – these included 482 persons from Garissa and 470 from Tana River. The overall sero-prevalence was 26% [(244/952); (CI: 23% to 29%)]. Garissa County had significantly higher Leptospira spp. seroprevalence (31%, n = 147; CI: 27% to 35%) compared to Tana River County (21 %, n = 97; CI: 17% to 25%). Being a female (OR=1.6, CI: 1.2-2.2) and engaging in pastoralism (OR=2.7, CI: 1.8-3.9) were significantly associated with higher odds of Leptospira spp. seropositivity compared to being a male or working in irrigated areas. The mean altitude of residence of sero-positive patients was 73m ± 21 SD (standard deviation) above sea level and that for sero-negative was 80m ± 22 SD (H=35, p-value = 0.00).ConclusionThis study determined the seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. exposure in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya. Females in pastoral communities experience high burden of the disease. Enhanced surveillance in humans and animals and further research is required to understand the complex and multifactorial drivers of leptospirosis transmission in the two Counties.

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Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

International Journal of Health Education ◽

10.17267/2594-7907ijhe.v5i1.3433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽

Leonardo Castro Dantas Macêdo ◽

Sérgio Diniz Gonçalves Queiroz Filho ◽

Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo ◽

Magno Conceição das Merces

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Nutritional Therapy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Surgical Patient ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Care ◽

Exact Test

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

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Environmental factors to promote the use of a Public Park in adults

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde ◽

10.12820/rbafs.23e0049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Alfredo Leopoldo Enrique Messenger Valenzuela ◽

Ana Carolina Belther Santos ◽

Marcelo Dutra Della Justina ◽

Thuany Stahelin Kuhn ◽

Joris Pazin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Level ◽

High School Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Park ◽

Significance Level ◽

Park Use

The aim of this study was to describe environmental factors that motivate public park use according to users’ sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014/2015 in a park in the city of Florianopolis, Brazil. A face-to-face interview was performed, including sociodemographic data and environmental factors that stimulate park use. Descriptive analysis, chi-square and Z-tests were used to compare the proportions between groups, adopting a significance level of p < 0,05. The sample included 377 park users, aged 18 years or older (59.7% women). The architectural beauty of structures, geographic location, technological factors, normative policies, values and attitudes were reported as the main factors that motivate park use (p < 0.05). The presence of equipment and public programs in parks were more frequently mentioned as motivational factors for park use among women than men (p < 0.05). Architectural structures and notice boards and posters had higher proportions among users who had an elementary and high school level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the existing environmental factors seem to have an impact on the motivation for park use, changing according to users’ sociodemographic aspects.

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Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Screening among Young Female Adults in the Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Bono East Ghana.

European Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.47672/ejhs.867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 64-81

Author(s):

Mustapha Hallidu ◽

Stephen Tawiah Odonkor ◽

Issah Sumaila

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Workers ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Young Female ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Municipal Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional

Purpose: This study sought to determine the cervical cancer knowledge and screening among young female adults in Kintampo North Municipality. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was employed using a quantitative approach. Data was collected from 341 participants using a consecutive sampling with structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse continuous variables like age and expressed as means and standard deviations, whilst categorical variables were summarized into frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between the independent and dependent variables. Findings: More than half (58%) of the respondents had knowledge of cervical cancer. The two major sources of cervical cancer knowledge to respondents were the health workers (45.6%) and radio/television/internet (45.1%). Most (70.5%) had no idea about the causes of cervical cancer. Again, more than half (55.5%) of the respondents had no idea on the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer while less than half (48.4%) also had no idea about prevention of cervical cancer. Almost all (94.6%) the respondents had never been screened. Recommendations: Cervical cancer knowledge and screening is low among young female adults attending the Kintampo North Municipal Hospital. As such, there is the need to put strategies in place to increase cervical cancer knowledge and screening in the Kintampo North and its environs.

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Experience of Perceived Stress and Associated Factors during COVID 19 Lockdown among Hoteliers of Pokhara, Nepal

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2021/v8i330241 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-41

Author(s):

Akriti Kafle ◽

Maginsh Dahal ◽

Sudip Khanal ◽

Kushalata Baral ◽

Sirjana Pandit Pahari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level

It is great time to know the psychological consequences and know how hoteliers are coping to it because of Covid19 lockdown. Thus we tried to access prevalence of perceived stress and associated factors among hoteliers of Nepal. A hotel based quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a structured questionnaire cum interview schedule. The data was recorded in Microsoft Excel sheet, and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. A descriptive analysis was done using mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done using Mann-whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test as the data were non-normal. Significance level was observed at p-value less than 0.05. There was significant relation between stress score and variables like age, gender, marital status, smoking, alcohol, bread winner, sound sleep, family conflict, too many responsibilities, pay loans, pay rent of hotel, other source of income, paying salary, happy with government, lockdown only solution, economic problem and social problems. (p -value <0.05) Male had significantly higher stress than female. Similarly married participants showed significantly higher stress than unmarried. Stress level has been increased among the hoteliers of Nepal due to covid19 lockdown and has affected the tourism sector very badly.

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PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.55 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (08) ◽

pp. 1168-1172

Author(s):

Uzma Jamil ◽

Anam Mukhtar ◽

Shaista Hussain ◽

Farida Munawar

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Age Difference ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives: To investigate serum uric as an indicator of fetomaternal complicationsin women with late pregnancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Shalamar Medicaland Dental College Lahore ethical committee. Period: One year from October 2016 to October2017. Methodology: Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviationlike age and Serum malonaladehyde concentration; categorical variables were presented asnumbers and percentages like intra uterine growth restriction, Mild to moderate and sever preeclampsia and fetal distress. One way ANOVA, independent sample t test and chi square testwere applied to check significance of results, p value less than or equal to 0.05 was consideredas significant. Results: Overall, 100% (n=400) patients were included in this study. The meanage of the patients was 25.81±4.33 years. The age difference was not statistically significant,in groups (p=0.383). The mean serum uric acid levels of the patients for maturity (weeks)36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 was 247.96±2.52 (nmol/l), 253.95±2.04 (nmol/l), 261.19±3.15 (nmol/l),263.95±2.75 (nmol/l) and 296.19±2.55 (nmol/l) respectively. The differences were statisticallysignificant (p=0.000). Fetal distress, number with rising levels were (n=23) 71.8%, number withno change in levels were (n=3) 9.4% and number with falling levels were (n=6) 18.8%. Thedifferences were statistically significant. (p=0.000). Conclusion: The observations of our studyconcluded that serial increase of serum uric acid from 36th week to 40th week was observedin pregnancy induced hypertion patients, and raised serum level of uric acid had significantrelation with fetomaternal complications. like Fetal distress, preeclampsia, and intrauterinegrowth retardation. So serum uric acid can be used an indicator for fetometernal complicationsin late pregnancy.

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