Effects of the current land tenure on augmenting household farmland access in South East Ethiopia

AbstractAccording to the current land policy of Ethiopia, rural households are legally allowed to access agricultural lands. Nonetheless, the difficulty of rural population in accessing farmlands makes controversial authenticity of this land tenure to solve problems of household farmland access. This study aimed at assessing the effects of the current land tenure on augmenting household farmland access in Ethiopia. The study followed a mixed-methods research design to investigate the variables in the study. Thus, data were collected through a survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and interviews between May and June 2019. For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics methods were employed. Consequently, study results indicated that the mean farmland size per household was 1.59 ha and government land allocation accounted for 41.9%. The farmland accesses of households headed by persons below 35 years were 13% and that of all female-headed households was 23.2%. It also showed that there were illegal farmland accesses via furtive farmland purchasing. On top of this, 63% of respondents perceived that the current land tenure was not a good rule. The regression analysis showed that the number of oxen, total crop production; annual income, education, and credit access were determinants of household farmland size. In conclusion, farmland scare areas in Ethiopia like Arsi zone have problems of deficient government land allocation, as well as unforeseen illicit farmland transactions. Given augmenting household farmland access, the study recommended that female-headed households have to be empowered and younger-headed households should be encouraged to enhancing their farmland accesses. The farming community should affirm to legal land regulations for maintaining their tenure arrangements. The local government should work according to land rules to liquidate illicit land markets. The national government should mitigate imbalanced farmland access by enforcing land rule acts such as land redistribution and reallocation with the consultation of the people. All level governments should strictly control alarming illegal changes of farmlands to urban areas by illicit land transactions.

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Present status, problems and prospect of fish farming at Gazipur Sadar upazila in Bangladesh

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v29i1.37480 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 53-63

Author(s):

M Das ◽

MR Islam ◽

T Akter ◽

AQMR Kawser ◽

MN Mondal

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Open Water ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Primary Data ◽

Fish Production ◽

Fisheries Resources ◽

Seed Supply ◽

Farming Community

The present study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, problems and the prospect of fish farming of Gazipur Sadar upazila Bangladesh. The primary data were collected through field survey, questionnaire interview and focus group discussion from the fish farmers of several villages and urban areas of the upazila. Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries and aquaculture extension section. Gazipur Sadar upazila has 14462.42 ha potential fisheries resources of which floodplains, seasonal water bodies, and ponds comprise 71.01%, 13.04%, and 8.57%, respectively. The total fish production of the upazila in 2016-17 was 14492.7 MT, 27% of the Gazipur district. The highest fish production of 5436 MT and 4.39 MT/ha/year came from the pond sector. Among different pond culture systems, the semi-intensive system had the highest fish production output (2826 MT). Exotic carps were the highest produced fish in the ponds. However, in spite of comprising a huge proportion of seasonal floodplains the fish production from this sector was only 0.42 MT/ha/year in 2016-2017. This indicates the poor utilization of inland open water resources for fish production in the study area. The major areas were identified to improve the existing pond fish farming situation were access to low-interest loan, quality seed, supply of advanced technologies, need-based training, and marketing facilities. Along with improving the pond fish farming, community-based fisheries management and some aquaculture initiatives on private own seasonal floodplains should be taken on a priority basis to improve open water management and to flourish inland fish production in the study area.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 53-63, 2018

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HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2015.3.8 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

Xuan Chuong Tran ◽

Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽

Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Related Factor ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Keywords Hiv ◽

Study Results ◽

Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

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Community seed network in an era of climate change: dynamics of maize diversity in Yucatán, Mexico

Agriculture and Human Values ◽

10.1007/s10460-021-10249-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marianna Fenzi ◽

Paul Rogé ◽

Angel Cruz-Estrada ◽

John Tuxill ◽

Devra Jarvis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Seed Systems ◽

Farming Community ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Maize Diversity ◽

Climatic Period ◽

Small Holder Farmers

AbstractLocal seed systems remain the fundamental source of seeds for many crops in developing countries. Climate resilience for small holder farmers continues to depend largely on locally available seeds of traditional crop varieties. High rainfall events can have as significant an impact on crop production as increased temperatures and drought. This article analyzes the dynamics of maize diversity over 3 years in a farming community of Yucatán state, Mexico, where elevated levels of precipitation forced farmers in 2012 to reduce maize diversity in their plots. We study how farmers maintained their agroecosystem resilience through seed networks, examining the drivers influencing maize diversity and seed provisioning in the year preceding and following the 2012 climatic disturbance (2011–2013). We found that, under these challenging circumstances, farmers focused their efforts on their most reliable landraces, disregarding hybrids. We show that farmers were able to recover and restore the diversity usually cultivated in the community in the year following the critical climate event. The maize dynamic assessed in this study demonstrates the importance of community level conservation of crop diversity. Understanding farmer management strategies of agrobiodiversity, especially during a challenging climatic period, is necessary to promote a more tailored response to climate change in traditional farming systems.

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Reflections on the Acquisition of Land by Non-citizens in Botswana

Journal of Land and Rural Studies ◽

10.1177/2321024920914784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 185-204

Author(s):

Boga Thura Manatsha

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Land Policy ◽

Government Officials ◽

The Public ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

Media Reports ◽

The Government ◽

Tribal Land ◽

Ownership Of Land ◽

Land Transactions

There are rising public concerns about the acquisition of prime land by non-citizens/foreigners in Botswana, especially in the sprawling urban and peri-urban areas. Indians, Nigerians and Chinese, among others, are allegedly involved in such land transactions. There is a salient local resentment towards them and/or such transactions. Sensational media reports, emotive public statements by politicians, chiefs and government officials, and anger from ordinary citizens dominate the discourse. These emotive public debates about this issue warrant some academic comment. This article argues that the acquisition of land by foreigners in Botswana, in each land category—tribal, state and freehold—is legally allowed by the relevant laws. But this does not mean that citizens have no right to raise concerns and/or show their disapproval of some of these legal provisions. Aware of the public outcry, the government has since passed the Land Policy in 2015, revised in 2019, and amended the Tribal Land Act in 2018, not yet operational, to try and strictly regulate the acquisition of land by non-citizens. There is no readily available statistical data, indicating the ownership of land by foreigners in each land category. This issue is multifaceted and needs to be cautiously handled, lest it breeds xenophobia or the anti-foreigner sentiments.

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Barriers and bridges to the adoption of biodegradable plastic mulches for US specialty crop production

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170513000276 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jessica R. Goldberger ◽

Robert Emmet Jones ◽

Carol A. Miles ◽

Russell W. Wallace ◽

Debra A. Inglis

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Design Development ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Specialty Crop ◽

Study Results ◽

Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractCommercial farmers have been using polyethylene plastic mulch since the 1950s. Despite the affordability and effectiveness of polyethylene mulch, the disposal process is financially and environmentally costly. Biodegradable plastic mulches, an ecologically sustainable alternative to polyethylene mulch films, were introduced in the 1980s. Biodegradable plastic mulches can be tilled into the soil or composted at the end of the season, reducing the labor and environmental costs associated with plastic removal and disposal. However, research results are mixed as to the effectiveness, degradability and ease-of-use of biodegradable plastic mulches. In 2008–2012, researchers, funded by a USDA Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant, conducted surveys and focus groups in three different agricultural regions of the USA to better understand the barriers and bridges to the adoption of biodegradable plastic mulches for specialty crop production systems. Data on the experiences and views of specialty crop growers, agricultural extension agents, agricultural input suppliers, mulch manufacturers and other stakeholders showed that the major adoption barriers were insufficient knowledge, high cost and unpredictable breakdown. The major bridges to adoption were reduced waste, environmental benefits and interest in further learning. These findings are discussed with reference to the classic innovation diffusion model, specifically work on the innovation–decision process and the attributes of innovations. The study results can be used to guide the activities of those involved in the design, development and promotion of biodegradable plastic mulches for US specialty crop production systems.

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Influence of conspiracy theories, misinformation and knowledge on public adoption of Nigerian government’s COVID-19 containment policies

Journal of African Media Studies ◽

10.1386/jams_00048_1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 269-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ifeoma Theresa Amobi ◽

Lambe Kayode Mustapha ◽

Lilian Adaora Udodi ◽

Oluwakemi Akinuliola-Aweda ◽

Mogbonjubade Esther Adesulure ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Opinion Leaders ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Conspiracy Theories ◽

The Social ◽

Study Results ◽

Media Space ◽

Analyse Data ◽

The Individual ◽

Collective Influence

This study examined the individual and collective influence of conspiracy theories, misinformation and knowledge revolving around COVID-19, on public adoption of the Nigerian government’s containment policies. The study adopted the Survey, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. For the survey, a sample of 466 respondents were drawn from Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp, while 24 participants were selected for the FGD. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and thematic approach were used to analyse data generated from the study. Results revealed a COVID-19 conspiratorial thinking among survey respondents and FGD participants, who were also familiar with the orgy of unbridled dissemination of misinformation and conspiracy theories in the social media space. Majority of respondents were knowledgeable about government’s COVID-19 containment policies and were practicing the recommended safety measures. Their decision was influenced by trust in opinion leaders, especially family members and medical experts.

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Historical and Future Land-Cover Change in a Municipality of Ghana

Earth Interactions ◽

10.1175/2010ei304.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Emmanuel M. Attua ◽

Joshua B. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Land Cover Change ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Political Stability ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Land Administration

Abstract Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most developing nations. In Africa and in the New Juaben municipality of Ghana in particular, political stability and active socioeconomic progress has pushed the urban frontier into the countryside at the expense of the natural ecosystems at ever-increasing rates. Using Landsat satellite imagery from 1985 to 2003, the study found that the urban core expanded by 10% and the peri-urban areas expanded by 25% over the period. Projecting forward to 2015, it is expected that urban infrastructure will constitute 70% of the total land area in the municipality. Giving way to urban expansion were losses in open woodlands (19%), tree fallow (9%), croplands (4%), and grass fallow (3%), with further declines expected for 2015. Major drivers of land-cover changes are attributed to demographic changes and past microeconomic policies, particularly the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP); the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP); and, more recently, the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS). Pluralistic land administration, complications in the land tenure systems, institutional inefficiencies, and lack of capacity in land administration were also key drivers of land-cover changes in the New Juaben municipality. Policy recommendations are presented to address the associated challenges.

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Exploring farmers’ perception on climate-induced events and adaptation practices to protect crop production and livestock farming in Haor area of northeastern Bangladesh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-623790/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tasneem Chowdhury Fahim ◽

Bivuti Bhushan Sikder

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Climate Extremes ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Chi Square ◽

Study Results ◽

Tools And Techniques ◽

Adaptation Practices ◽

The Impact

Abstract Bangladesh is confronting terrible impacts of climate change on agriculture across the country, especially in the low-lying area like- Haor, coastal region, and islands. This behavioral study (N = 320) examines the perception and knowledge of farmers on climate-induced events and experiences, and explores the adaptation practices they adopt to protect crop production and livestock farming from the impact of climate change in the Northeastern Haor area of the country. Using triangulation method, it is detected that farmers of the study area have erroneous idea on climate change and the causes of frequent climate extremes. Study results show that respondents’ perception and experiences on climate-induced event are verified positively with the historical trend and time-series analysis of climate indicators as well as with the findings of researchers using PRA tools and techniques. This study explores the traditional and systematic adaptation approaches of farmers which are practiced in individual or community level. The rationale of each of the approach from respondents’ side is also analyzed in the study. It is statistically tested using chi-square that some of the scientific and systematic adaptation options for crop production is predominantly influenced by the educational qualifications of the respondents. The study reveals that lack of proper information prevents subsistence farmers to find the most effective adaptation pathways.

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STUDY ON URBAN RESIDUAL SPACE AS SOLUTIONS REVIEW FOR AREA PROBLEMS

SINERGI ◽

10.22441/sinergi.2021.3.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Diana Ayudya ◽

Mona Anggiani

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Open Space ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Vacant Land ◽

Study Results ◽

Spatial Use ◽

Residual Space ◽

Density Irregularity ◽

The City

In cities, spaces were intentionally formed, planned, or unintentionally unplanned. Unlike planned spaces, unplanned spaces in urban areas eventually tend to cause problems for the area. These spaces were referred to as residual spaces, which were generally vacant land or open space in various urban spaces. Urban residual space was also commonly found in tertiary activity centers in big cities like Jakarta, one of which was in the trade and service area of the city. Residual space in such areas grew and developed due to dense activity within the area, resulting building density, irregularity in some spatial use and environmental degradation. Due such conditions, several questions are significant to be raised. What are the typology, utilization, and its impacts on the area? Did it only cause a problem, or could it be a solution to problems within the area? This study aimed to examine the typology of residual space based on the shape, location, utilization, and impact of trade and service activities in South Jakarta, Kebayoran Lama area. The proposed approach used was a qualitative study of the residual spaces in predetermined trade and commercial areas. The study results of the physical, spatial, visual, and social conditions of urban residual space were explained descriptively to get a picture of the characteristics of the form, location, utilization, and impact on the area.

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Ekoteologitani untuk Kedaulatan Pangan Etos Islam dan Spirit Bertani pada Masyarakat Desa Srimartani, Kecamatan Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

Panangkaran Jurnal Penelitian Agama dan Masyarakat ◽

10.14421/panangkaran.2017.0102-07 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Moh. Soehadha

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Food Sovereignty ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Field Research ◽

Study Results ◽

New Construction ◽

Data Source ◽

Special Region

This article presents the results of an explorative research that examined the concept of agrarian ecotheology. This issue was raised with the assumption that Islamic teachings can be a part in the restrengthening of agrarian culture i.e. to take part in enhancing food sovereignty and security in Indonesia. This study is established on the perspective of anthropological ecology. The data source for this article is results of research that has been conducted at the Srimartani Village, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. Data collection was conducted by using various techniques such as participant observation, focused group discussion (FGD) and interviews through questionnaires. The data collected from the field research was then analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative method.The study results show that Islamic teachings could be employed in restrengthening the agrarian culture, that is as a means to enhance food sovereignty and security. This study also provides critical contribution to the perspective of contemporary Islamic ecotheology so that it does not tend to be anthropocentric, thus becoming exploitative in nature. A new construction of Islamic ecotheology, which accommodates the view that humans, as farmers as well, have a proportional position within their environment, needs to be developed.

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